Animal Agricultura is an open access journal. It publishes original research articles, reviews, and communications that offer substantial new insight into any field of study that involves livestock and agriculture . Scientifically excellent papers that consider ruminants in the context of genetic or environmental conservation, rural development, or that have significant implications for animal welfare will be particularly welcome, and an interdisciplinary approach is encouraged. Experimental and genomic studies must explain what hypotheses are being tested, and whether new hypotheses are required. Submissions with a strong husbandry, nutritional, meat or dairy science, or genetic focus must make the wider interest of the work very clear. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental details and/or method of study, must be provided for research articles. Articles submitted that involve subjecting animals to unnecessary pain or suffering will not be accepted, and all articles must be submitted with the necessary ethical approval (please refer to the Ethical Guidelines for more information). Our scope is reseach about animal husbandry, such as nutrition, production, reproduction, livestock maanjemen and business, and agricultural sciences such as agronomy, soil science, pests, agricultural engineering, industrial technology, food technology, fisheries, forestry, and agricultural socio-economics. Manuscripts are open to lecturers and researchers related to animal husbandry and agriculture.