The Journal of Private and Commercial Law (ISSN Print 2599-0314 ISSN 2599-0306 Online) is a scientific publication dedicated to the fields of Private and Commercial Law, as well as related disciplines. It was initiated by the Department of Private and Commercial Law, Faculty of Law at Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), Indonesia. The primary objective of the journal is to facilitate scholarly and professional discussions on current legal developments in Indonesia. Additionally, it aims to showcase innovative legal research focusing on Indonesian laws and the legal system. To ensure accessibility to a global audience interested in Indonesian law discourse, the journal is exclusively published in English. The Journal of Private and Commercial Law warmly welcomes contributions from international legal scholars and professionals, as well as representatives from courts, executive authorities, and relevant agencies. By doing so, it seeks to foster a diverse and comprehensive exchange of ideas and insights in the field.