The Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies InJAST, P-ISSN 2722-0133, E-ISSN 2722-0141 is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal published biannually in April and October. The journal focuses on fundamental and applied environmental sciences, covering environmental chemistry, biology, ecology, geoscience, environmental physics, atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic pollution, pollution control technologies, natural resource conservation, environmental health, toxicology, environmental quality assessment, and environmental standards. InJAST publishes original theoretical and experimental research articles, applied studies, and technical reviews that contribute to environmental sustainability and responsible natural resource management. Since Volume 3, Number 1, InJAST has been jointly published by the Graduate School of Environmental Management, Universitas Pakuan, Bogor, Indonesia, and the Indonesian Association of Environmentalist Scholars - PERWAKU, with support from the Belantara Foundation. InJAST is accredited SINTA 3 based on Decree.