The Indonesian Academia Health Sciences Journal (IAHS) is a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary scientific journal dedicated to advancing knowledge, evidence-based practice, and innovation across the health sciences. Published two times (two issues per year), IAHS provides an international scholarly platform for the dissemination of high-quality and methodologically rigorous research addressing contemporary challenges in health, healthcare, and biomedical sciences. IAHS welcomes original and innovative scholarly contributions from researchers, clinicians, healthcare professionals, academics, and other scholars working across diverse areas of health sciences. The journal promotes interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research and encourages contributions that generate meaningful implications for clinical practice, healthcare delivery, health policy, public health, and population well-being.