JURNAL AKUNTANSI & AUDITING INDONESIA (JAAI) is published by Accounting Department, Faculty of Economics, Islamic University of Indonesia and Supported by IAI-KAPd (Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia - Kompartemen Akuntan Pendidik). Published twice a year on June and December, JAAI is a media of communication and reply forum for scientific works especially concerning the field of the accounting and auditing studies of developing countries. Papers presented in JAAI are solely author's responsibility. The editorial board may edit without changing the substance of the papers.