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INDONESIA
Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 27, No 3 (2008)" : 6 Documents clear
The benefits and risks of Echinacea in treatment of common cold and influenza Yenny, Yenny; Djanun, Zunilda
Universa Medicina Vol 27, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2008.v27.132-142

Abstract

The common cold is one of the world’s most prevalent illnesses in adults and children. This upper respiratory tract infection is caused by different kinds of agents. Effects on health, well-being, and productivity are significant. Preparations made from plants of the genus Echinacea are widely used for the prevention and treatment of colds. Three species of Echinacea used for medicinal purposes are Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, and Echinacea pallida. The beneficial effects of Echinacea are thought to be due to its immunomodulatory activity, most notably activation of macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and natural killer cells. Many clinical trials, including a number of blind randomized trials, have reported health benefits. Although these studies show beneficial effects, recommendations on Echinacea use cannot be made due to lack of product standardization and variability in dosage, sample size and methodological quality used in the trials. Therefore, well-designed studies with consistent standardized measures are required for assessment of the efficacy of Echinacea in treatment of common cold and influenza.
Prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase in Klebsiella pneumoniae Herwana, Elly; Yenny, Yenny; Pudjiadi, Laurentia; Surjawidjaja, Juius E; Lesmana, Murad
Universa Medicina Vol 27, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2008.v27.98-105

Abstract

Increased irrational use of antibiotics promotes bacterial resistance to these drugs. Among the resistance mechanisms developed by bacteria is the production of â-lactamase which can destroy the â-lactam ring and cause resistance to the other â-lactam antibiotics, such as amoxycillin. Extended spectrum â-lactamase (ESBL), an enzyme found in bacterial plasmids, is capable of hydrolyzing third-generation cephalosporins, namely cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and the monobactams. ESBL is predominantly found in Klebsiellas spp., Escherichia coli and other bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Klebsiella resistant to cephalosporins and the prevalence of those producing ESBL. A total of 65 clinical isolates of Klebsiella were tested by the disk diffusion method according to Kirby-Bauer to determine their antibiotic susceptiblity and by the double-disk synergy method to detect the presence of ESBL. The results show that 18.5% of Klebsiella isolates tested were resistant to ceftazidime and cefixime, 13.9% to ceftriaxone, and 23.1% to aztreonam. Testing for ESBL revealed that the prevalence of ESBL producers in clinical Klebsiella isolates ranged from 10.8% to 12.3%. The presence of ESBL, plus the potential for plasmid-mediated quinolone and carbapenem resistance, undoubtedly will create significant therapeutic problems in the future.
Occipito-cervical meningioma in pregnancy Indiyarti, Riani
Universa Medicina Vol 27, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2008.v27.143-149

Abstract

Meningiomas are tumors that are believed to be derived from the cells and vascular elements of the meninges, and grow intracranially or in the vertebral canal. They are most common in women. The growth of meningiomas is stimulated by female sex hormones and thus may progress more rapidly in pregnant women and in women with breast cancer. The patient was a pregnant 39-year old woman (G4P3A0) of 8 months gestation. The clinical symptoms and signs were progressive upper motor neuron quadriparesis, diminished sensory functions from the level of C2 downwards, and loss of bladder and rectal control. Brain and cervical computed tomography (CT) scans done 2 months before admission showed no abnormalities. Induced delivery was terminated by forceps extraction, resulting in a baby of 2,100 g with Apgar score 7/9. After delivery, postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large contrast-enhancing tumor mass of intradural-extramedullary location in the right occipito-cervical region. The tumor had a meningeal tail, extended into the right posterior fossa and caudally to the level of C3, with compression of the spinal cord. The patient underwent a nontotal resection to remove a tumor that microscopically had the features of a meningioma.
Evaluation of the oral toxicity of formaldehyde in rats David, David; Arkerman, Hanslavina
Universa Medicina Vol 27, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2008.v27.106-112

Abstract

Formaldehyde is used in the production of plywood, particleboard, a wide variety of molded or extruded plastic items, and for preserving cadavers. Experimental posttest only control group design was used to determine the histopathological changes of rat stomach tissue exposed to formaldehyde for 12 weeks in thirty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150–200 g. The animals were randomized into three groups, namely the control group, the treatment group given 4 mg/L of formaldehyde, and the group treated with 6 mg/L of formaldehyde. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the thickness of the mucous layer of the gastric fundus between the control group and the group treated with 6 mg/L (p = 0.011), and also a significant difference in the thickness of the mucous layer of the gastric fundus between both treatment groups (4 mg/L vs. 6 mg/L) (p = 0.003), indicating that there was necrosis of the superficial layers of the gastric mucosa due to high concentrations of formaldehyde. In histopathology sections from all groups, similar changes were observed in both treatment groups, in the form of vacuolar (hydropic) degeneration of gastric fundus glands. In conclusion, administration of formaldehyde in drinking-water for 12 weeks caused histopathologic effects on the gastric mucosa in rats.
Gender differences in nutritional intake and status in healthy free-living elderly Kusumaratna, Rina K.
Universa Medicina Vol 27, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2008.v27.113-124

Abstract

Malnourishment in the older population is reported to be a consequence of inadequate food intake, underlying diseases, with females being at higher risk and economically more vulnerable. The objective of this study were to determine the patterns of gender differences in nutritional intake and status among free-living elderly in the Jakarta urban area. A cross sectional design was performed on free-living elderly people aged 60 years and older in South Jakarta. A total of 298 free-living elderly were interviewed on demography and social economic status, and assessed on anthropometric measures, two-day nonconsecutive dietary recall and biochemical indices using fasting blood samples. This study showed that most significant gender differences were in daily energy and nutrient intakes. Males had more energy intake 1246.6 kcal compared to female 1043.1 kcal and consumed more carbohydrate 168.1 g, protein 39.7 g, total vitamin A 12229.7 mg, vitamin C 22.3 mg, iron 6.87 mg, and zinc 4.9 mg food sources. Older males had better status indices for anemia than did older females (p=0.009). Older persons who co-resided with family had better dietary nutrient intakes than those living in nuclear families, except for protein, total vitamin A and zinc food sources. There are gender differences in energy, dietary nutrient intake, nutritional status and health status in free-living elderly. Both genders were deficient in all macronutrients and selected micronutrients, especially iron and zinc.
The role of tea in cardiovascular disease Gunawijaya, Fajar Arifin
Universa Medicina Vol 27, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2008.v27.125-131

Abstract

Tea is an infusion of the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, which is not to be confused with so-called ‘herbal’ teas. Some biologically active chemicals in tea include flavonoids, caffeine and fluoride. For as long as people have been drinking tea, there have been health benefits associated with it. However, it has only been within the past 20 to 30 years that scientific studies have been conducted to investigate the validity of these claims. Many animal studies, and recently an increasing number of human studies, including epidemiological studies and clinical trials, have examined the relationship between tea drinking and health. Overall, observational studies in humans suggest that daily consumption of at least 3 cups of tea may be associated with a risk reduction of mortality (44%) after myocardial infarction compared with non-tea drinkers. The possibility that tea consumption reduces the risk of cardiovascular events remains open to the need for further clinical trials to clarify the effects of tea polyphenols in humans in order to recommend their use against cardiovascular diseases.

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