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Emerging Science Journal

ESJ
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Published by Ital Publication

ISSN : 26109182 EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Social,

Environmental Science

Emerging Science Journal is not limited to a specific aspect of science and engineering but is instead devoted to a wide range of subfields in the engineering and sciences. While it encourages a broad spectrum of contribution in the engineering and sciences. Articles of interdisciplinary nature are particularly welcome.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 6 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 3, No 1 (2019): February" : 6 Documents clear

Loneliness in Pre and Post-operative Cancer Patients: A Mini Review Rokach, Ami
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2019): February
Publisher : Ital Publication

This review explored the experience of hospitalization and the experience of cancer patients who were undergoing Ear Nose and Throat [ENT] surgery.Â Hospitals, which were designed with treatment and healing in mind, are known to be the source of uncontrollable noise, physicians who talk in a language that patients do not understand. Entering the hospital as a patient, one becomes part of that very complex system, which may include being treated as a â€˜nonperson,â€™ not getting enough information, and losing control of daily activities. Hospitalized patientsâ€™ social contact is limited to interaction with the medical staff which thus become a key factor in determining the quality of care, and whether the patients can successfully cope with the stress of their hospitalization experience.Loneliness was found to be associated with a range of negative physical health outcomes such as dementia, increased blood pressure, suicidal thinking and unhealthy and damaging behaviors such as smoking, excess alcohol consumption and lack of exercise leading and contributing to increased mortality.Â Being, both, hospitalized and in the midst of a frightening illness they experience loneliness and isolation.

Non-invasive Monitoring of Brain Temperature during Rapid Selective Brain Cooling by Zero-Heat-Flux Thermometry Bakhsheshi, Mohammad Fazel; Ho, Marjorie; Keenliside, Lynn; Lee, Ting-Yim
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2019): February
Publisher : Ital Publication

Introduction: Selective brain cooling can minimize systemic complications associated with whole body cooling but maximize neuroprotection. Recently, we developed a non-invasive, portable and inexpensive system for selectively cooling the brain rapidly and demonstrated its safety and efficacy in porcine models. However, the widespread application of this technique in the clinical setting requires a reliable, non-invasive and accurate method for measuring local brain temperature so that cooling and rewarming rates can be controlled during targeted temperature management. In this study, we evaluate the ability of a zero-heat-flux SpotOn sensor, mounted on three different locations, to measure brain temperature during selective brain cooling in a pig model. Computed Tomography (CT) was used to determine the position of the SpotOn patches relative to the brain at different placement locations.Methods and Results: Experiments were conducted on two juvenile pigs. Body temperature was measured using a rectal temperature probe while brain temperature with an intraparenchymal thermocouple probe. A SpotOn patch was taped to the pigâ€™s head at three different locations: 1-2 cm posterior (Location #1, n=1), central forehead (Location #2, n=1); and 1-2 cm anterior and lateral to the bregma i.e., above the eye on the forehead (Location #3, n=1). This cooling system was able to rapidly cool the brain temperature to 33.7 Â± 0.2Â°C within 15 minutes, and maintain the brain temperature within 33-34Â°C for 4-6 hours before slowly rewarming to 34.8 Â± 1.1Â°C from 33.7 Â± 0.2Â°C, while maintaining the core body temperature (as per rectal temperature probe) above 36Â°C. We measured a mean bias of -1.1Â°C, -0.2Â°C and 0.7Â°C during rapid cooling in induction phase, maintenance and rewarming phase, respectively. Amongst the three locations, location #2 had the highest correlation (R2 = 0.8) between the SpotOn sensor and the thermocouple probe.Conclusions: This SBC method is able to tightly control the rewarming rate within 0.52 Â± 0.20Â°C/h. The SpotOn sensor placed on the center of the forehead provides a good measurement of brain temperature in comparison to the invasive needle probe.

Phenology of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. Provenances V. J. Msukwa; C. R. Y. Munthali; B. I. Nyoka; E. Missanjo
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2019): February
Publisher : Ital Publication

Phenology study was conducted to assess 22 genotypes of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst, collected from West, Eastern and Southern Africa. Assessments were done on time for bud onset, flower opening, leaf flush, fruit set, fruit maturity period and fruit production. Highly significant (P< 0.001) variations between provenances were obtained in all the phenological traits assessed including variations between sexes in time from flower bud set to anthesis. There was flowering overlaps and synchrony between provenances and sexes with males flowering earlier than females. So far two subpopulations have emerged within the trial referred to as early and late flowering genotypes. The early flowering included provenances from Mozambique, and Swaziland while the late flowering encompassed provenances from Malawi, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Tanzania and Zambia. Fruit maturity period ranged from 76±2 to 192±15days. The early flowering genotypes flowered, fruited and matured between August and January while the late genotypes flowered and fruited from September to May. There were highly significant (P≤0.001) variations in fruit yield of S. birrea provenances between 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons with the former being more productive than the later confirming that S. birrea fruit yield is not constant across seasons due to seed mating effects. There were very strong positive relationship ranging r=0.81 to r=0.78 between leaf flush, bud set, flower opening and fruit set significant at (P<0.001). Some trees classified as females in the first year as based on flowers were found have male flowers which calls for more detailed investigations into this sex change behaviour.

Deep Learning Research: Scientometric Assessment of Global Publications Output during 2004 -17 B. M. Gupta; S. M. Dhawan
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2019): February
Publisher : Ital Publication

The paper provides a quantitative and qualitative description of deep learning research using bibliometric indicators covering global research publications published during 14-year period 2004-17. Global deep learning research registered 106.76% high growth per annum, and averaged 7.99 citations per paper. Top 10 countries world- over dominate the research field with their 99.74% global publications share and more than 100% global citations share. China ranks the top with the highest (29.25%) global publications share, followed by USA (26.46%), U.K. (6.40%), etc. during the period. Canada tops in relative citation index (5.30). International collaboration has been a major driver of research in the subject with 14.96% to 53.76% of national-level share of top 10 countries output appeared as international collaborative publications. Computer Science is one of the most popular areas of research in deep learning research (76.85% share). The study identifies top 50 most productive organizations and 50 most productive authors and top 20 most productive journals reporting deep learning research and 118 highly cited papers with 100+ citations per paper.

Preliminary Studies on the Use of Sawdust and Peanut Shell Powder as Adsorbents for Phosphorus Removal from Water Marian Asantewah Nkansah; Moses Donkoh; Osei Akoto; James Hawkins Ephraim
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2019): February
Publisher : Ital Publication

Phosphorus is one of the key nutrients that contribute to eutrophication and excess algal growth in rivers, lakes, and other surface water bodies. Such algal blooms affect the lives of aquatic organisms, especially fish, and block sunlight from reaching bottom dwelling plants, thus inhibiting photosynthesis and stunting growth. In this study, sawdust and peanut shell powder were explored as adsorbents for the removal of phosphorus from aqueous solutions. A series of batch experiments were conducted to determine the effects of adsorbent dosage, initial phosphorus concentration, and contact time on the rate of phosphorus removal. The results showed that 78% and 39% of phosphorus were removed by sawdust and peanut shell powder, respectively, at adsorbate concentrations of 10 mg/l (total P) for a period of 180 min at an adsorbent dosage of 0.4 g. It was also found that the highest phosphorus removal occurred at an adsorbent mass of 0.4 g of sawdust and 0.6 g of peanut shell powder. Adsorption data was fitted to the linearised forms of the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models to determine the water-adsorbent partitioning coefficient. Sawdust proved to be a better adsorbent than peanut shell powder.

Recent Trends and Future Directions on Value Addition of Irish Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) among Smallholder Farmers Jacinta Mlaviwa; Edward Missanjo
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2019): February
Publisher : Ital Publication

Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) value addition has the potential to enhance food security, household income and nutrition. This cross-sectional study was, therefore, conducted to examine value addition of Irish potato among smallholder farmers in Ntcheu, central Malawi. Data was collected using a standard structured questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews. The results revealed that there were significant differences (X2=103.3; p<0.001) on value addition techniques practiced by farmers. The following value addition techniques were identified: chips (65%), packaging (27.5%), crisps (25%), grading (12.5%), salad (5%), baking (5%), soup (2.5%) and grounding into flour (2.5%). It was noted that factors influencing Irish potato value addition among farmers significantly (X2=8.020; p=0.046) differed. The majority (70%) of the farmers were influenced by knowledge of value addition, followed by ready markets for products (57.5%), while a few were influenced by capital (45.5%) and availability of value addition equipment (40.0%). The study further revealed that education level and group participation significantly (P<0.05) influenced Irish potato value addition technique practices. Farmers with secondary education level or above and those in Irish potato group production are involved in diverse value addition techniques. Encouraging farmer group formation, access to loans to buy value addition equipment, linking farmers with supermarkets, and farmer’s exposure to field days and workshops are the strategies identified to promote effective Irish potato value addition among smallholder farmers.

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