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Emerging Science Journal

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Published by Ital Publication

ISSN : 26109182 EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Social,

Environmental Science

Emerging Science Journal is not limited to a specific aspect of science and engineering but is instead devoted to a wide range of subfields in the engineering and sciences. While it encourages a broad spectrum of contribution in the engineering and sciences. Articles of interdisciplinary nature are particularly welcome.

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Articles 7 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 3, No 5 (2019): October" : 7 Documents clear

Rock Metamorphosis by Kinetic Energy Robert G. Bednarik
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 5 (2019): October
Publisher : Ital Publication

The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that weathering-resistant surface layers found in intensively hammered petroglyphs at many sites worldwide and on other heavily battered metamorphosed rocks are the result of kinetic energy-induced tribological reactions. The methods of material testing included extensive fieldwork and in-situ studies at an Indian site that had been subjected to fluvial battery in the distant geological past; the removal of numerous surface and subsurface samples; and their analysis by several laboratory methods. These included binocular light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thin sectioning and elemental composition determination of crucial sites. It was confirmed that samples show evidence of crystallization by ductility of formerly amorphous silica cement in quartzite, yielding a tectonite of fully crystalline quartz. This finding confirms that the surficial application of very high levels of kinetic energy to certain rock types that are susceptible to metamorphosis can yield exceptionally weathering-resistant surface layers. This phenomenon has not been described before. Although it was first observed in rock art it is now thought to occur much more widely in numerous geological contexts, such as at fault mirrors, in the form of what has been regarded as glacial polish and on ventifacts.

Revisiting Agroforestry for Building Climate Resilient Communities: A Case of Package-Based Integrated Agroforestry Practices in Nepal Kishor Aryal; Prakash Singh Thapa; Dhananjaya Lamichhane
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 5 (2019): October
Publisher : Ital Publication

Agriculture based livelihoods in developing countries are bearing significant negative impacts due to climate change. In this scenario, agroforestry is one of the best alternatives to cope with climate change and disaster risks. However, the agroforestry approaches adopted in the past were sectoral and partial, and were insufficient to contribute to socio-economic wellbeing and resilient communities. Nepal has been implementing package-based integrated agroforestry since 2016. It is a project approach to advance agroforestry practices by including disaster mitigation, land and water management, and community development activities. This paper reflects on the process and outcomes of the agroforestry practices, implemented by the government in seven super zones of Nepal. The programs have shown fairly satisfactory output in building adaptive capacity to climate change, awareness and active participation in agroforestry development activities. This paper reveals that agroforestry alone cannot be sustained, and hence, it has to be integrated with land productivity enhancement, natural resource management, climate change adaptation, and livelihood support in addition to tree planting in agricultural lands. This paper is crucial in understanding the scope of the package-based integrated agroforestry approach to build climate resilient communities.

Piloting a Methodology for Sustainability Education: Project Examples and Exploratory Action Research Highlights Jensen, Cory; Kotaish, Mohamed; Chopra, Aditi; Jacob, Kiran A.; Widekar, Taqdees I.; Alam, Rahat
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 5 (2019): October
Publisher : Ital Publication

This invited writing shares the education methodology known as Wicked problem, Experiences, Available Resources, Solution-Innovation (WEARS) and results from applying a pilot education program with a group of international students. The pilot involved three components that contribute to enhancing leadership skills based on stakeholder informed or bottom-up change: 1) developing a professional competition, 2) proposing a WEARS project, and 3) initiating a related outreach event. Outlines of student projects are shared. Studentsâ€™ interests in generalized sustainability related education topics were polled and results are presented as an average of the group. Reflection on conducting the pilot is also presented from an exploratory action research perspective. Potential translation to higher education sustainability related projects was a driver for action research. Several conclusions are shared related to the educational structure and content for application of the WEARS methodology at a higher education institution. Future research and iterations of the program are proposed in coordination with a higher education institution that promotes interdisciplinary education. Specifically, means to select program candidates and longitudinal study of overall impacts are proposed as necessary to continuously update the WEARS methodology.

Catastrophic Health Expenditure: An Experience from Health Insurance Program in Nepal Paudel, Deepak Raj
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 5 (2019): October
Publisher : Ital Publication

High expenditure due to health care is a noted public health concern in Nepal and such expenditure is expected to reduce through the access to health insurance. This study determines the factors affecting householdâ€™s catastrophic health care expenditure in Kailali district, where the government health insurance program was first piloted in Nepal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to February 2018 among 1048 households (6480 individuals) after 21 months of the execution of the social health insurance program. Â For the sample selection, wards were selected in the first stage followed by the selection of the households. Overall, 17.8% of the households reported catastrophic health expenditure using a threshold of more than 10% of out-of-pocket payment to total household expenditure. The study found that households without having health insurance, low economic status, and head with low level of education were more likely to face catastrophic spending. The findings suggest a policy guideline in the ongoing national health insurance debate in Nepal. The government health insurance program is currently at expansion stage, so, increase in insurance coverage, could financially help vulnerable households by reducing catastrophic health expenditure.

Strategies to Reduce CO2 Emissions in Housing Building by Means of CDW Ulises Mercado Burciaga; Paola Villoria Sáez; Francisco Javier Hernández Ayón
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 5 (2019): October
Publisher : Ital Publication

One of the biggest problems that human beings face is climate change and construction industry is one of the sectors causing the greatest impact, which has led him to adopt sustainable strategies. However, these have not been effective enough to reduce CO2 emissions, since solutions are required accompanied by other alternatives. Therefore, the objective of this study is to reduce CO2 by implementing CDW strategies under the following method: 1) analysis of CO2 of the major raw materials consumed, 2) use of the materials at the construction site was determined, 3) waste streams generated at the construction site were identified and those that could be reuse were highlighted, 4) CDW recycling strategies to avoid the use of the major raw materials consumption are proposed, and 5) one of the strategies proposed is further analyzed. The results show that natural aggregates generate the greater amount of CO2 due to the consumption of fuel required for their transportation. By replacing 68% of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates, CO2 can be reduced by 53%. Finally, these results can help to promote the opening of new CDW recycling companies in Nayarit and thereby contribute to the sum of sustainability practices in housing building.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Stove Systems for Cooking and Drying of Muga Silk Anal Ranjan Sengupta; R. Gupta; A. Biswas
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 5 (2019): October
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2019-01191

In India, Silk industry plays an important part in textile industry. Muga silk, the golden yellow silk is quite unique to Assam, North-east India where its production is regarded as an important tool for economic development. But, outdated manufacturing technology is followed during the silk production in Assam. The existing cooking process of silk cocoons consists of boiling of silk cocoons in a stainless steel vessel along with water and soda in an open fireplace which is highly energy inefficient. Therefore, two modified systems have been designed; one having cylindrical boiling chamber (vessel) and the other having spherical boiling chamber (vessel). Both the chambers are having a cocoon heating chamber associated with them for cooking and drying of silk cocoons simultaneously. These designs are further classified into two types of designs based on channel and nozzle type combustion chambers. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to improve the existing designs to maximize the utilization of heat carried by the combustion gases. These modified systems are analysed by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) selecting standard k–є model. From the analysis, it is seen that these new systems having nozzle type combustion chambers are more efficient than the systems having cylindrical combustion chambers and if these systems are used in silk production, it will be very beneficial for the silk industry as well as for our society.

Application of Predictive Maintenance in Hospital Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Facilities Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Justo García Sanz-Calcedo
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 5 (2019): October
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2019-01196

The variety of a hospital’s users leads to different levels of requirements relating to indoor environmental conditions. The responsibility for generating these favourable conditions for the pathologies treated in the different areas of a hospital lies with heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. They carry out the control of nosocomial infections. Consequently, establishing adequate maintenance plans for these facilities will have a high positive impact on economic and environmental management, on the one hand, and on people's health, on the other. The aim of this work is to analyse foreseeable information and results generated after applying condition-based maintenance (CBM) techniques. The Weibull distribution was used to model the distribution of equipment failures and the potential of the information obtained from applying the CBM methodology was highlighted. The results of this work represent an improvement in the working practise of the HVAC facilities hospital maintenance departments. They dispose of information to decide on investment in equipment taking into account maintenance costs. In addition, this allow analyse data to know current status of a piece of equipment or unit, thus establishing an optimized maintenance plan considering asset’s remaining useful life and associated maintenance costs.

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