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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Dimension
Published by Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya
ISSN : 14109530     EISSN : 1979570X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
The Civil Engineering Dimension (Dimensi Teknik Sipil) is a refereed journal, published twice a year, in March and September.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 13 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026" : 13 Documents clear
Impact of Anchor Drag on Subsea Pipeline Integrity: Numerical Study on Crack Propagation and Leakage Arianta, Arianta; Tawekal, Ricky Lukman; Santoso, Jason Filius; Ilman, Eko Charnius
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.1.1-10

Abstract

Anchor drag incidents impacting subsea pipelines lead to structural failure, driven primarily by crack propagation under mechanical stress. This study employs finite element modelling (FEM) and the extended finite element method (XFEM) to evaluate how initial crack dimensions (depth: 4–6 mm; length: 20–60 mm) affect pipeline integrity. Results indicate that pipelines with smaller initial cracks (4 mm depth) resist leakage until an anchor drag distance of 67.839 m, whereas larger cracks (6 mm depth) fail at 33.389 m, emphasizing crack depth as the critical factor in reducing structural resilience. Crack propagation follows a triphasic pattern: slow initiation, rapid acceleration at 25–35 m drag distance, and deceleration near the pipe wall. Larger cracks propagate faster, with 6 mm depth cracks reaching critical failure earlier than smaller defects.
Evaluation of Basal Heave Stability for Deep Excavations in Clay using the Discontinuity Layout Optimization Method Susiyanti, Angela Dewi Maharani; Lim, Aswin
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.1.83-100

Abstract

clay soils, which often causes significant ground movement and threatens nearby structures. Traditional analysis methods generally assume homogeneous soil conditions and ignore the variation of strength with depth, which limits their application in complex field situations. This research investigates basal heave stability using the Discontinuity Layout Optimization (DLO) method, which identifies critical failure mechanisms by optimizing potential discontinuities in the soil mass. The research examines the influence of undrained shear strength (Su​), its gradient, and the excavation width-to-height ratio (B1​/H) on the safety factor, considering homogeneous and layered soil models. Results show that the safety factor increases with higher Su​ values but decreases as B1​/H increases. While the DLO method provides reliable predictions for homogeneous soils, but it shows limitations in layered soils. Therefore, for more accurate results in complex stratigraphy, integrating DLO with the Finite Element Method (FEM) is recommended.
A Study of the Partition of Unity-based T3-CNS and T3-DNS Finite Elements in Surface Fitting Istiono, Heri; Tjong, Wong Foek
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.1.11-22

Abstract

Various alternative, enhanced finite element methods (FEMs) have been proposed to improve the accuracy and convergence of traditional FEM. One promising approach is the hybrid FEM-meshfree method using the partition of unity concept. This study examines the performance of two variants of the hybrid-meshfree method: the three-node triangular element with continuous nodal stress (T3-CNS) and the three-node triangular element with discontinuous nodal stress (T3-DNS). These methods are evaluated in the context of surface fitting through numerical tests. Their accuracy and convergence are compared with the standard triangular element and Kriging-based FEM. The results show that both T3-CNS and T3-DNS methods maintain consistency and yield accurate surface approximations with good convergence. However, their performance declines in problems involving gradient singularities. This study enhances the understanding of T3-CNS and T3-DNS interpolations, providing insights into their application in a Galerkin method for solving engineering model problems.
Feeder Transportation Route Evaluation based on Origin-Destination Analysis and Land Function (Case Study of Trans Semarang Feeder 1A, Indonesia) Khosy, Hadyan Al-Muhith; Setiadji, Bagus Hario; Narendra, Alfa
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.1.46-53

Abstract

The Route modification for the Trans Semarang feeder line 1 resulted in the creation of feeder line 1A. To evaluate the effectiveness of this change in addressing critical community needs, an analysis was conducted. This study utilized passenger boarding and alighting data obtained through origin-destination surveys, combined with land use data from the Google Earth application. Findings revealed inconsistencies and fluctuations when comparing passenger movement patterns with land use values. The feeder transportation function was deemed effective, with the highest proportion of passengers (23.53%) boarding at the transit shelter. Conversely, the segment between Jalan Perkebunan and Desa Ngadirgo shelters exhibited the lowest passenger volume, attributed to long distances between shelters, extensive forested and plantation areas, and a one-way route. These factors suggest potential benefits of rerouting. Further research is recommended to comprehensively evaluate the broader implications of such modifications.
Capillary Imbibition of Concrete Containing Cold Bonded Fly Ash-Based Lightweight Aggregate in a Salt Environment Risdanareni, Puput; Sulton, Mohammad; Nindyawati, Nindyawati; Rosyidi, Ditya Hafidz; Ekaputri, Januarti Jaya; Razak, Rafiza Binti Abd.; Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.1.23-33

Abstract

Cold bonded lightweight aggregate generated from fly ash (FA LWA) has become an interesting approach to increase the consumption of fly ash and prevent over-mining of natural aggregate. However, using the cold-bonded hardening method could increase the number of open pores in LWA, making the concrete containing this LWA face an increased risk of degradation due to water ingress. Thus, in this research, the effect of using FA LWA in concrete on the mechanical and transport properties in a salt environment is being investigated. Three aggregate replacement ratios of 0, 50, and 100% were applied, while the salt environment was mimicked with NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions. The results show that the optimum replacement rate of FA LWA was 50%. Regarding the transport properties, exposing concrete to a salt environment (NaCl or Na2SO4) proved to slow down the capillary imbibition rate slightly.
Finite Element Analysis of Plastic Behavior in RC Beam Supports with Composite Steel Deck Slabs under Cyclic Loading Brihaspati, Brihaspati; Saputra, Ashar; Setiawan, Angga Fajar; Sulistyo, Djoko
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.1.34-45

Abstract

The performance of beam supports is essential for seismic resilience, particularly under the Strong Column–Weak Beam (SCWB) principle. To improve construction efficiency, steel deck-based composite slabs are increasingly adopted as alternatives to conventional slabs. However, their impact on the plastic behavior of beam supports remains underexplored. This study evaluates the influence of steel deck slabs using finite element analysis in ABAQUS. Two beam-column joint models—conventional and modified—were subjected to cyclic loading according to FEMA 461. The models incorporated stiffness recovery, combined hardening for steel, and a cohesive zone model (CZM) for the concrete–steel deck interface. Results indicate that the steel deck model shows a wider hysteresis loop and 2.425% higher energy dissipation, but experiences earlier reinforcement yielding and greater stiffness degradation. Although ductility increases, plastic hinges form at nearly the same cycle. Overall, the steel deck system improves energy absorption and ductility but reduces elastic stiffness and accelerates inelastic behavior.
Assessment and Strengthening of Bolted Connections in the Mandomai Bowstring Bridge Constructed with Ulin Wood Subchan, Shafira Khairunnisa; Awaludin, Ali; Akbar, Miqdad Khosyi; Tama, Radika Gandi; Setiawan, Angga Fajar; Yudhistira, Angga Trisna; Irawati, Inggar Septhia; Triwiyono, Andreas
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.1.101-110

Abstract

This study assessed and proposed a retrofit strategy for bolted timber connections in the Mandomai pedestrian bridge, constructed from Ulin wood (Eusideroxylon zwageri). Numerical modeling, analytical evaluation using Eurocode 5 yield equations, and experimental validation were conducted. Axial forces from a global Midas Civil model under a 1.25 kN/m² live load showed three critical connections (S11, S13, S14) with demand-capacity ratios (DCR) exceeding 1.0. A retrofit using steel side plates and ASTM A325 bolts reduced DCRs to 0.79, 1.02, and 0.70, respectively. Experimental testing of limited full-scale double-shear wood-to-wood joints demonstrated an average ultimate capacity of 191 kN, which was 57.65% higher than the theoretical prediction, indicating the conservative nature of Eurocode 5 and the contribution of mechanisms such as the rope effect and frictional interlock. The results confirmed the retrofit’s effectiveness and highlighted the need to refine design provisions for dense tropical hardwoods.
Analyzing Student Mobility Patterns and Route Preferences: A GIS- and Mental Map-based Study at Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, Indonesia Ridwan, Vita Fajriani; Matsumura, Nobuhiko; Sarif, Sarif; Zakariah, Aisyah; Anton, Erning Ertami
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.1.111-119

Abstract

Current understanding of students’ mobility patterns often overlooks the integration of perceptual experiences with spatial behavior, particularly in rapidly urbanizing Global South contexts where informal infrastructures and cognitive factors critically shape mobility. This study addresses this gap by analyzing route preference determinants at Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang using mental map sketches (n=165), questionnaires, and GIS-based spatial analysis. Key findings reveal: 1) dense morning commutes within 500m of campus versus afternoon dispersal into alternative routes up to 2km; 2) distance (r = 0.876, p < 0.01) and travel time (r = 0.699, p < 0.01) dominate choices, outweighing convenience (r = 0.196, p < 0.05); and 3) gendered behaviors, with 65% of alternative route users were males. The findings validate Hägerstrand’s Time-Geography model and recommend arterial corridor optimization and safety retrofits, advancing an equitable framework for campus mobility planning.
Fresh and Mechanical Properties of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) using Local Clay with Clinker Content below 50% Mihardja, Edwin; Antoni, Antoni; Riady, Elbert G.; Suhendro, Samuel V.; Susanto, Tri E.; Akbar, Rizky T.; Anuraga, Bangkit Tegar T.; Hardjito, Djwantoro
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.1.120-129

Abstract

This study examined the performance of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) produced with Indonesian clays containing low–medium kaolinite (20–30%) and clinker contents below 50%. Material characterization was carried out using XRF, XRD, and particle size analysis, followed by evaluation of fresh and mechanical properties. LC3 mixtures incorporating local clays exhibited good workability and required less superplasticizer than metakaolin-based controls, indicating favourable fresh behaviour despite reduced clinker content. A notable strength reduction was observed when clinker content dropped below 35%, reflecting insufficient portlandite required for pozzolanic reactions. The addition or substitution of Ca(OH)₂ did not improve strength and hindered calcined clay reactivity due to elevated pH level (12.5–13.5). Microstructural analysis confirmed that mixtures with higher kaolinite and clinker contents produced denser hydration products. The results demonstrated that Indonesian clays are suitable for LC3 development, with promising fresh properties and microstructural behaviour supporting further optimization and future durability studies.
Experimental Investigation on Seismic Performance of Precast Column-Foundation Connection using Combined Anchor and Pocket System Propika, Jaka; Pudjisuryadi, Pamuda; Chandra, Jimmy
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.1.69-82

Abstract

Connections between precast concrete elements play a crucial role in ensuring structural integrity and facilitating effective force transfer. Among various connection types, the column–foundation connection is the most critical component, as it is designed to resist the combined effects of axial load, bending moment, and shear force. In this study, the pocket connection was modified with anchored reinforcement (BPC) to improve seismic performance. An experimental program was conducted on three specimens: a monolithic cast-in-place connection (MC) as the control, a conventional pocket connection (PC), and the modified pocket connection (BPC). Each specimen was subjected to combined axial and cyclic loading to evaluate the seismic performance of the column–foundation connection. The results showed that the MC specimen demonstrated the best performance, while the PC specimen, although meeting the ACI 374.1-05 acceptance criteria, failed to achieve the required probable moment capacity. The BPC specimen demonstrated improvement in seismic performance compared to the PC and was considered suitable for use in precast structural systems designed for seismic area.

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