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Tropical Animal Science Journal
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 2615787X     EISSN : 2615790X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Energy
ropical Animal Science Journal (Trop. Anim. Sci. J.) previously Media Peternakan is a scientific journal covering broad aspects of tropical animal sciences. Started from 2018, the title is changed from Media Peternakan in order to develop and expand the distribution as well as increase the visibility of the journal. The journal is published three times a year in April, August, and December by Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), associated with Animal Scientist's Society of Indonesia. The first edition with the new title will be published in April 2018 edition (Vol 41 No 1 2018), while the previous edition (up to 2017 edition) will still use Media Peternakan as the title and could be accessed in the old website (http://medpet.journal.ipb.ac.id/). This journal has been accredited by National Journal Accreditation (ARJUNA) Managed by Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Republic Indonesia with First Grade (Sinta 1) since year 2018 to 2022 according to the decree No. 30/E/KPT/2018.
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Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal" : 15 Documents clear
Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Fed β-Mannanase and Two Levels of Energy M. A. R. Jalal; H. A. H. Zakaria; F. M. Hayajneh; G. M. Mehyar
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.190

Abstract

This study aimed at evaluating the response to supplementation of β-Mannanase with two levels of energy on performance, carcass yield, and meat quality of 1600 1-d-old straight run Indian River broilers which were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (10 replicates/treatment, 40 chicks per replicate) in a 35-d feeding trial. The trial consisted of 2 phases, starter (0 to 14 d) and grower (15 to 35 d). The experiment was designed in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was the energy level of the ration consisted of 2 levels, i.e., a low energy level with 2.900 kcal ME/kg during the starter phase and 3.000 kcal ME/kg during the grower phase; and a normal energy level with 3020 kcal ME/kg during starter phase and 3120 kcal ME/kg during grower phase, with variations based on the content of feed grade soybean oil. The second factor was the level of β-Mannanase in the diet consisted of 2 levels, i.e., ration without β-Mannanase (BETAMINUS: 0%) and ration with 0.05% β-Mannanase (BETAPLUS: 0.05%). Feeding low ME increased feed intake (p<0.05) during the overall phase (0 to 35 d) and normal ME decreased (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio during the starter and overall phases. Birds fed normal ME exhibited higher (p<0.05) hot and cold carcass weights. There was a significant interaction between dietary ME level and β-Mannanase to breast meat pH (p= 0.006), meat redness (a*) (p= 0.01), and meat yellowness (b*) (p= 0.0001). In conclusion, the results of enzyme supplementation did not elicit any noticeable response pertaining to productive performance, carcass characteristics, or meat quality (except pH and meat color). Moreover, feeding low dietary ME and β-Mannanase did not compromise overall broiler chickens performance.
The Phylogeny of Bornean Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Analysis Based on D-loop Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation Suhardi; A. Wibowo; W. P. B. Putra; P. Summpunn
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.139

Abstract

Swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is one of the Indonesian germplasm that adapts well to Borneo Island. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity, phylogenetic tree, and phylogeographic structure of Bornean swamp buffalo based on control region (D-loop) mitochondrial DNA sequences. A total of 120 animals were collected from three populations in Indonesia, i.e., the North, East, and South of Kalimantan Provinces. Along 1140 bp of D-loop mtDNA gene of Bornean swamp buffaloes was amplified with a design primer of F: 5'-CAA CAC CCA AAG CTG AAG TT-3’ and R: 5'-CGC TCC TCT TAG TCT CGT TG-3’. Therefore, the forward and reverse sequencing was performed to visualize the full length of D-loop mtDNA gene sequence (1140 bp). Results showed that a total of 47 haplotypes were detected in the animal study, with haplotype and nucleotide diversities of 0.936 and 0.005, respectively. Consequently, two haplogroups were observed in the animal study, i.e., Haplogroup A (North) and Haplogroup B (East and South). Based on structure analysis, Bornean swamp buffaloes were comparable to filing swamp buffaloes of China based on structure. According to the analysis of molecular (AMOVA), the geographical component contributed over 56.44% of the total mtDNA sequence variations. In conclusion, it was discovered that the haplogroups of buffalo from the East and South populations were identical.
Productive and Reproductive Efficiency of Ewes Kept on Tropical Pastures as a Function of the Suckling Lamb Treatments K. L. S. M. Ferelli; C. C. B. F. Ítavo; L. C. V. Ítavo; G. T. dos Santos; M. I. L. Souza; G. K. A. de Melo; M. de M. S. Peres; N. da S. Heimbach; T. F. F. de S. Arco; E. S. de M. Soares; J. A. da Silva; P. C. G. da Silva; C. de Godoy; P. B. de Andrade; A. A. da S. Miguel
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.180

Abstract

The aim of the research was to evaluate the productive and reproductive performances of ewes as a function of the supplementation offered to suckling lambs. The lambs were divided into two experimental treatments. Treatment (1) suckling lambs kept in pastures of Brachiaria-grass receiving mineral supplementation; and treatment (2) suckling lambs kept in pastures of Brachiaria-grass receiving concentrate supplementation in creep-feeding. Regardless of the nutritional treatment offered to the lambs, all matrices (female lambs and ewes) received 350 g of supplementation daily. Ewes from treatment-1 presented average 49 days to return to estrus. Ewes from treatment-2 presented, on average, 36 days to return to estrus. The body condition score (BCS) at weaning showed a significant difference between treatments. Ewes from treatment-1 presented a mean BCS of 1.75. Ewes from treatment-2 presented a mean BCS of 2.39. The other productive variables of lambs, such as weaning weight (kg), age at weaning (days), total weight gain (kg), and average daily gain of lambs, presented a significant difference between the nutritional treatments. Variables such as return to estrus and BCS were positively influenced by supplementation offered to lambs, which directly impacts the production efficiency and profitability of the production system. The lamb supplementation promotes indirect gains in the body condition score of ewes at weaning and, consequently, in the time to return of estrus in 13 days. Protein-energy supplementation in creep feeding to suckling lambs is recommended to improve the body condition score at weaning and decrease the return to estrus (days) of ewes. This nutritional tool is recommended to improve the supply of leaves and provide the best conditions for the selection and use of nutrients present in the leaves.
Theophylline Enhances In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Production in Buffaloes I. Akter; Md. Hasanur Alam; M. N. Islam; A. K. Modak; A. Khatun; M. Moniruzzaman
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.157

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of theophylline on in vitro fertilization of buffalo oocytes and embryo development in subsequent in vitro embryo culture. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from large antral follicles of slaughtered buffaloes and matured in vitro for 24 hours. In vitro matured oocytes were fertilized in Brackett and Oliphant’s (BO) media supplemented with four different concentrations of theophylline (0 mM, 2.5 mM, 5 mM, or 10 mM). After 18 hours of in vitro fertilization, some of the oocytes or presumptive zygotes were fixed and stained to assess fertilization, while the others were cultured for 7 days to assess their developmental capacity in vitro. The results showed that theophylline enhanced the penetration rate of spermatozoa into buffalo oocytes. Supplementation of BO medium with theophylline also increased the normal fertilization rate. In subsequent embryo culture, theophylline increased the formation of 8-cell embryo, morula, and blastocyst rate in buffalo. The cleavage rate did not differ significantly between groups. The morula and blastocyst formation percentages were higher in the groups treated with 2.5 mM theophylline than in the control groups. In conclusion, theophylline improves in vitro fertilization rate and embryo production in buffaloes.
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolation and mecA Gene Detection from Milk and Farmer Hand Swab in Tulungagung, Indonesia A. R. Khairullah; S. C. Kurniawan; O. S. M. Silaen; M. H. Effendi; S. A. Sudjarwo; S. C. Ramandinianto; M. A. Gololodo; A. Widodo; K. H. P. Riwu; D. A. Kurniawati; S. Rehman
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.231

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a harmful bacterium that often contaminates milk; hence it is believed to become a severe health risk for humans. S. aureus resistant to β‑lactam drugs can be termed methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Dairy farms have a high incidence of MRSA infections due to the repeated use of the same medicines on dairy cows and the physical contact between farmers and cows during milking. This study looked for MRSA in dairy cow milk and farmer hand swabs in Tulungagung, Indonesia. Using oxacillin and cefoxitin diffusion disks, phenotypic detection approaches were evaluated, then transferred to the Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base (ORSAB) test and genotypically verified using PCR to find the mecA gene encoding MRSA. One hundred ten dairy cow milk samples and 45 farmer's hand swabs were collected from Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia. Mannitol salt agar (MSA) was used for cultivation and purification. The disk-diffusion test used oxacillin and cefoxitin to identify S. aureus resistance. Oxacillin and cefoxitin-resistant S. aureus isolates were tested for MRSA using ORSAB. In addition, MRSA isolates were PCR-tested for the mecA gene. S. aureus was found in 110 (70.97%) of 155 isolates. Of the total 110 isolates of S. aureus, 16 (14.54%) and 39 (35.45%) were known to be resistant to Cefoxitin and Oxacillin, respectively. When tested with ORSAB, 23 isolates from 55 resistant isolates showed positive results for MRSA. Dairy milk was the source of most MRSA which is 15 isolates, while hand swabs only carried 8 isolates. However, PCR analysis only found mecA gene in two isolates. According to this study, many MRSA isolates were found from dairy farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia, but only a few have the mecA gene.
The Relationship Between Plasma Progesterone Concentration on Day 6 After Artificial Insemination and Pregnancy Rate of Dairy Cows in Vietnam N. V. Thanh; P. T. Hang; P. V. Gioi; N. C. Toan; S. T. Long
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.146

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the relationship between plasma progesterone (P4) concentration on day 6 following artificial insemination (AI) and the pregnancy rate to provide recommendations for measuring P4 concentration before embryo transfer in cows. A total of 85 cows were double AI (day 0) after being detected in natural heat by visual observation. On day 6 after AI, the blood sample was collected from the coccygeal vein to measure plasma P4 concentration by ELISA method. Pregnancy was diagnosed on the 60th day after AI by rectal palpation. The results showed that the plasma P4 concentration at day 6 after AI of the pregnant cow group (4.262±2.195 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that of the non-pregnant cow group (3.146±2.377 ng/mL) (p<0.05). The pregnancy rate was lowest in the group of cows with plasma P4 concentration <2ng/mL, then gradually increased with P4 concentration. The pregnancy rate of cows tended to be stable when P4 concentration ≥4.0 ng/mL. The pregnancy rate of cows was highest when the P4 concentration was from 3-4 ng/mL and 5-6 ng/mL. Additionally, the pregnancy rate of cows is positively correlated with the plasma P4 concentration according to the formula P= 26.356 + 6.612* P4. In conclusion, the plasma concentration of P4 at day 6 after AI has a positive relationship with the pregnancy rate of cows.
Factors Affecting Small-Scale Broiler Chicken Farm Profitability and Challenges Faced by Farmers in Egyptian Rural H. B. Gharib; M. A. El-Menawey; R. E. Hamouda
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.261

Abstract

This study was conducted in Al-Sharkia and El-Fayoum provinces, Egypt, and aimed to determine factors affecting small-scale broiler chicken farm profitability and challenges faced by broiler farmers in Egyptian rural. A stratified random sampling technique was applied to collect data from 200 individual small-scale broiler farmers randomly selected in two provinces, 100 from each province. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with questionnaires and direct observation at the farm level. The log-linear regression model form of a flexible Cobb-Douglas production function was used to analyze factors affecting the profitability of small-scale broiler chicken farms. The results indicated that women (60%) were the majority of owned flocks. The average respondent farmer’s age was 41.98 years old. The majority of the small-scale broiler performance was low and medium performance. The coefficients of the value of experience, gender, education, labor type, extension, training, veterinary, credit, flock size, management interventions, marketing information, and the market price of live chickens were positive influences, while farmer age, feed cost, home consumption, and mortality rate negatively influence the broiler profitability. The major challenges faced by small-scale broiler producers to increase their profitability are poor feed quality and access to marketing, veterinary services and credit. Therefore, efficient feed resources, marketing and veterinary services should be implemented to support small-scale broiler producers.
Growth, Health, and Carcass Traits of Broilers Supplemented with Acalypha australis L. Leaf Extract, Whey Protein, or their Combination in the Diet S. Sugiharto; I. Agusetyaningsih; E. Widiastuti; H. I. Wahyuni; T. Yudiarti; T. A. Sartono
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.201

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary administration of Acalypha australis L. leaf extract, whey powder, or a combination of both on the growth, physiological condition, and carcass traits of broilers. A total of 392 broiler chicks was divided into four groups based on a fully randomized design, including (1) control (C, basal feed without additives), (2) basal feed supplemented with 1% Acalypha australis L. leaf extract (AALE), (3) basal feed with 1% whey powder (WHEY), and (4) basal feed with 1% Acalypha australis L. extract and 1% whey powder (AALEWHEY). Samples (i.e., internal organs, blood, intestinal digesta, small intestinal segments, and breast and thigh meats) were collected on day 33. Data were treated with an analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple analysis. Treatments did not affect body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (p>0.05). Abdominal fat was higher in the treated broilers than in the control (C) (p<0.05). The serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were lower in AALE, WHEY, and AALEWHEY groups than in the control (C) (p<0.05). Serum creatinine concentrations were higher in WHEY and AALEWHEY groups than in C and AALE groups (p<0.05). The AALE, WHEY, and AALEWHEY groups had higher duodenal villi height than C group (p<0.05). The villi height to crypt depth ratios were higher in the jejunum of the WHEY and AALEWHEY group than in the C group (p<0.05). The pH of breast meat was higher in the C group than in AALE and AALEWHEY groups (p<0.05). The lightness values of breast meats were lower in the AALEWHEY group than in the other groups (p<0.05). The redness values of breast meats were lower in the C group than in the AALE, WHEY, and AALEWHEY groups, while the yellowness values were lower in C and AALE groups than in WHEY and AALEWHEY groups (p<0.05). The pH values of thigh meats were higher in the AALE group than in control (C), WHEY, and AALEWHEY groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the treatment of broilers with leaf extract of Acalypha australis L., whey powder, or a combination of both improved intestinal morphology and meat quality without affecting the growth performance of broilers.
Genome-wide Association Study of Birth Weight in Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus) P. Sudrajad; H. Suhada; D. Prasetyo; P. N. Gariri; E. Eddianto; A. F. Abiyoga; R. Y. Kusminanto; S. Sukaryo; T. A. Bramastya; S. D. Volkandari; M. Cahyadi
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.151

Abstract

The genome-wide association study is popularly used to identify markers associated with high economic traits in cattle breeds worldwide. However, this method has never been applied to Bali cattle (Bos javanicus), which are indigenous to Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the GWAS can also be employed to figure out genomic regions potentially affecting Bali cattle's birth weight trait. In this study, phenotypic and genotypic data of 48 Bali cattle were used to figure out genomic regions which are potentially affecting the birth weight trait of Bali cattle. Those samples were genotyped using an Illumina bead chip array with 53.218 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The estimation of the variance proportion explained by each SNP was conducted by a restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach. The result showed that the birth weight trait in Bali cattle was affected by multiple regions dispersed over the genome, especially chromosomes 20 and 21. This study demonstrated that GWAS can be used effectively and discovered two intriguing regions related to quantitative trait loci and genes, namely STXBP6 and TERT, which previously had been linked to cattle birth weight and growth. These findings are important for developing and refining genomic-based selection programs for Bali cattle in Indonesia.
Mutation Analysis and Restriction Site Mapping of GDF9 in Indonesian Bligon Goat T. Hartatik; F. A. Z. Chairunissa; S. Bintara; F. J. Fadilllah; N. P. Ningrum; D. Puspitasari; Kustantinah
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 46 No. 2 (2023): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2023.46.2.163

Abstract

Bligon goat is one of the crossbred goats raised in Indonesia, which has a prolific nature, potentially increasing the economic benefits. The gene that particularly influences prolific traits is Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9). This study aims to identify the mutation analysis (SNPs and amino acid changes) and restriction enzymes map in the GDF9 of Bligon goats. Six pairs of primers were used to amplify target sequences of GDF9 by polymerase chain reaction method and continued by sequencing. The sequence products were analyzed to get information on the SNPs and restriction enzyme (RE) around the SNPs for genotyping by PCR-RFLP method. A total of 15 SNPs were found in position g.1956A>C, g.2248G>T, g.2470A>T, g.2172DelA (shift T, Heterozygote), g.2807C>T, g.2919C>T, g.2996C>T, g.3615T>C, g.3855A>C, g.3879A>G, g.3924A>G, g.3943G>T, g.3969G>A, g.3981G>A, and g.4314C>T. Eight out of fifteen SNPs are located at the exon. Thus, the amino acid shows one synonymous at Exon 1 (Leucine to Leucine) and seven non synonymous at exon 2 with varied amino acid alteration (Valine to Alanine, Glutamine to Proline, Lysine to Arginine, Lysine to Arginine, Glutamine to Histidine, Arginine to Lysine, and Serine to Asparagine, respectively). Two SNPs at position g.1956A>C in Exon 1 and g.3855A>C in exon 2 show the homozygote CC and heterozygote AC. The most sample at those two position 67% and 83% homozygote type, respectively. Recognitions of site restriction enzymes BsaI and BsmAI were found at g.1956A>C or g.667C>M (Exon I). SNP g.3855A>C or g.2566C>M was recognized by three restriction enzymes (MspI, HapII, and HpaII). Two SNPs were not recognized by the restriction enzyme, and two other SNPs have more than 12 fragmented sequences, and as a consequence, it is very difficult to analyze the genotype. In conclusion, fifteen site mutations were identified; however, only two potential genetic markers with transversion mutations in Exon 1 and Exon 2 were recognized by restriction enzymes (BsaI, HapII, and MspI). These enzymes were recommended as candidate markers for further genotype identification using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.

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