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IKAT : The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies

ikat
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 25806580 EISSN : 25979817 DOI : -

Core Subject : Economy, Education,

Economics, Econometrics & Finance Other

The Journal strives to provide new, rigorous and comprehensive knowledge and understanding of Southeast Asia through inter-disciplinary perspectives. Its scopes includes but is not limited to economic welfare, institutional knowledge production, history, political transformations and the social development of information and communication technology in the region. Contributors may focus on an in-depth individual country analysis or on comparing a multi-country case study. Given the mission statement of CESASS, contributors are encouraged to submit empirical, methodological, theoretical, or conceptual articles about Southeast Asia through the eye of social sciences.

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Articles 9 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 2, No 2 (2019): January" : 9 Documents clear

Analyzing Thai Border School Policy Formation in the ASEAN Community Era Ampa Kaewkumkong
IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Vol 2, No 2 (2019): January
Publisher : Center for Southeast Asian Social Studies (CESASS)

During the 1990s, Thailand’s border areas became more open as a result of improved political relations in the region, especially in regards to the promotion of border trade and transnational trade among Indochinese countries under the“From a Battlefield to a Marketplace” policy. In terms of education development,the nature of border schools in general has been gradually evolving over the past 60 years, and Thai border schools have improved considerably over this period.The first initiative undertaken in regards to border schools in Thailand was the official establishment of the “Border Patrol Police (BPP) School” in 1956. Inmore recent years, education development policy in border areas has repeatedlybeen modified, particularly since Thailand’s agreement to further integrate withother Southeast Asian countries as a part of the ASEAN Community 2015. In 2010, Thailand’s commitment to developing its border schools increased whenit began development of the “Buffer School” program as part of a strategic plan to improve educational institutions under the ASEAN “Spirit of ASEAN” policy.This policy aimed to promote education development and cooperation within the ASEAN through a range of initiatives, including ones pertaining to border areas. This paper thus aims to 1) review the substance of the Buffer School program as it pertains to emerging Thai border school policy in the ASEAN Community era, as well as the structure of its enforcement, then, 2) analyze the background and rationale of policymaking that has occurred from agenda-setting and policy formulation up until policy enactment corresponding to ASEAN frameworks derived from the ASEAN charter and Work Plan on Education.

Diplomatic Correspondence: A Comparative Study on Malay and Javanese Letters in 1800s Gilang Maulana Majid
IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Vol 2, No 2 (2019): January
Publisher : Center for Southeast Asian Social Studies (CESASS)

A more established tradition may set an indirect consensus for thecommunication between rulers in any situation. This article identifies howdiplomatic correspondence was conducted and how different perceptions could actually be negotiated to attain certain goals. Two diplomatic letters – one from the Panembahan of Sumenep and one from the Sultanof Yogyakarta dispatched to Thomas Stamford Raffles to address Raffles’retirement during the British interregnum in Java from 1811 to 1816 –were analyzed. These letters were chosen due to the different scripts and languages used in the two letters: Classical Malay Jawi and Old Javanese'aksara Jawa'. By applying content analysis, this study finds that the Malay language was not only influential throughout the Indonesian archipelagoas a medium for verbal communication, but its letter-writing tradition even clearly affected its Javanese counterpart, setting a standard writing style for diplomatic letters.

Transitional Production of Knowledge For Civic Trust and Social Integration: Social Science in the Transitional Justice Process Katarzyna Marta Głąb
IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Vol 2, No 2 (2019): January
Publisher : Center for Southeast Asian Social Studies (CESASS)

This article aims to show that transitional justice should be understood extensively, going beyond the legal-criminal view (transitional justice in the narrow sense). The main argument of research is that social sciences offer a prepared methodological set, without which it is impossible to study these processes effectively, and thus it is impossible to carry out effective social reform, what the cases of some countries show. More andmore often, this is said about the significant role of reconciliation, buildingsocial trust and social cohesion, achieved through extra-legal means, using non-judicial mechanisms. The author intentions to highlight the rooting of transitional justice in this broader sense in social sciences and outline the relationship between truth and political regimes, explaining the dynamic relation of truth-knowledge to political power, but also to highlight the issue of overcoming the problematic universality of transitional justice.

Empowering Social Science Research in the Big-Data Era: Addressing Quantyphobia in IR Researches Farizal Mohd Razalli
IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Vol 2, No 2 (2019): January
Publisher : Center for Southeast Asian Social Studies (CESASS)

This paper tries to explore the employment of quantitative approach in political researches focusing on international relations (IR) or international politics. A debate emerged in the90s on whether IR or the field of international politics should be driven by quantitative(positivistic) approach at the expense of qualitative (interpretivist) approach. The debate then expanded to explicitly argue for an increased use of formal methods that are mathematically-based to study IR phenomena. It triggered then a quick reaction fromhardcore IR specialists who warned against mathematizing IR for fear of turning the field into a mechanical field that crunches numbers. Such a fear is further substantiated by theobservation that many quantitative works in IR have moved farther away from developing theory to testing hypotheses. Some scholars have even suggested that it is epistemologicallyrealism vs. instrumentalism; something that is unsurprising given the dominance of realism inIR for many years. This paper does not suggest that heavy emphasis on qualitative approach leads to a inferior research output. However, it does suggest an transformative incapability among IR scholars to accommodate to contemporary global changes. The big-data analyticshave affected the intellectual community of late with the influx of data. These data are bothqualitative and quantitative. Nonetheless, analyzing them requires one to be familiar with quantitative methods lest one risks not being able to offer a research outcome that is not only sound in its argumentation but also robust in its analytical logic. Furthermore, with so much data on the social media, it is almost unthinkable for meaningful interpretation tobe made without even the simplest descriptive statistical methods. The key findings revealthat in ensuring its relevance, international political researches have to start adapting to the contemporary changes by building new capability apart from upscaling existing capacity.

Truth Tampering Through Social Media: Malaysia’s Approach in Fighting Disinformation & Misinformation Moonyati Mohd Yatid
IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Vol 2, No 2 (2019): January
Publisher : Center for Southeast Asian Social Studies (CESASS)

Though poorly defined and highly politicized, the term ‘Fake News’ has beenpopularized by the Trump administration in recent years. Scholars prefer to use terms such as Information Disorder, in particular Disinformation and Misinformation, to discuss this global concern. The dissemination of disinformation and misinformation is not new. However, the penetration of social media and messaging applications today enable such information to spread much faster, deeper and wider. Further, social media and messaging applications have become the public’s source of primary information. These platforms are fast-becoming a birthplace of the manipulation of truth andthe influencing of public opinion. The advancement of technology has alsobeen manipulated to create false information and add to the severity of the problem. The impact of disinformation and misinformation varies: fromfinancial difficulties faced by businesses to influencing the outcome of electionsto physical violence triggered by racial and religious tensions. This paper aims to explore: 1) How information disorder, in particular, disinformation and misinformation, are being disseminated through social media and instantmessaging platforms to influence public opinion; 2)How states respond to disinformation and misinformation; 3) Malaysia’s disinformation andmisinformation landscape and 4) Key areas for Malaysia to improve on, namely enhancing its current legal responses, developing digital literacy, heightening the accountability of social media platforms and strengthening the fact-checking mechanism.

Social Science Research in Southeast Asia: the Challenges of Studying Parliamentary Institutions Ratih Adiputri
IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Vol 2, No 2 (2019): January
Publisher : Center for Southeast Asian Social Studies (CESASS)

This paper introduces the challenges of studying parliamentary institutions in Southeast Asia. My focus of research is in three countries’ institutions: national parliaments of Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. While in Southeast Asia, it is widely known that studying issues of politics and institutions face challenges – compared to studying culture, for example, this view is arguably no longer valid, however with certainqualification.The comparison of parliamentary tradition between three countries – based on observation of the plenary session - reveals that the effectiveness of parliamentary works is related to parliamentary procedure, and even to the culture of work in the countries. Parliamentary structure, procedure and their political culture matters. Therefore, acknowledging these factors will give rise to more research opportunities, if a researcher plans to study the political institution in other countries in Southeast Asia.

Editorial Foreword Anthony Giddens
IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Vol 2, No 2 (2019): January
Publisher : Center for Southeast Asian Social Studies (CESASS)

First of all, to begin with I would like to say how much I support this initiative to promote social science. This special issue of IKAT: the Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies is originated from the symposium held in September where I delivered my recorded speech through online media in September 4th, 2018. We should highlight that the social science is very crucial to understanding the contemporary world, therefore of core important to the trajectory of any country today. The social sciences were born out of transformation in the 17, 18, 19thcenturies in the west of course), firstly the origin of modern states and origin of politics, then the industrial revolutions, then the origin of economics, and in the 19thcentury, those things becoming more widespread to the world that create Sociology and Anthropology.

History of Rakhine State and the Origin of Rohingya Muslims Mohajan, Haradhan Kumar
IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Vol 2, No 2 (2019): January
Publisher : Center for Southeast Asian Social Studies (CESASS)

Myanmar is a resource-rich country especially in oil and gas. The country is involved in ethnic conflicts since its independence in 1948. Recently violation of human rights against the Rohingya Muslims become severs. The main cause of Rohingya crisis is a question about its origin. Rakhine (or Arakan) is a State located in the west coast of Myanmar. The population of Arakan State is largely agrarian and more than 43.5% live below the poverty line. The Rohingya, a Muslim ethnic minority group in Rakhine, consider as the most persecuted, vulnerable, and oppressed minorities around the globe. Recently, the persecution on Rohingya Muslims has increased due to Buddhist nationalism in Myanmar. Rohingyas are continued to suffer from several forms of restrictions and human rights violations in Myanmar due to deny Myanmar citizenship. They are victim of various oppressions, such as, arbitrary taxation, land confiscation, destruction of mosques, torture and ill-treatment, extrajudicial executions, restrictions on movements, forced eviction and house destruction, forced laborers on roads and at military camps, and financial restrictions on marriage. Oppression on Rohingya started since 1962, when General Ne Win took power of Myanmar after a coup. Since the 1970s, a number of crackdowns on the Rohingya in Rakhine have forced hundreds of thousands to flee to neighboring countries. Sever Rohingya oppression took place in 2017 and 2018. More than one million Rohingya have migrated in Kutupalong-Balukhali, and Nayapara refugee camps, respectively, in Ukhia, and Teknaaf of Cox?s Bazar district of Bangladesh. This article deals with the origin of Rohingyas and their citizenship in the Rakhine State of Myanmar.

Postcolonial Hermeneutics: Concepts and Contribution to Understanding Socio-Religious Problems in Southeast Asia Dewi, Novita
IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Vol 2, No 2 (2019): January
Publisher : Center for Southeast Asian Social Studies (CESASS)

Scrutiny of unequal power-relations between the ?East? and the ?West? in politics, culture, economy, and various aspects of life is the concern of postcolonial studies. Foucault's concept of power is central in postcolonial theory with which Edward Said is celebrated for his dismantling of Orientalist views. Postcolonial literature, likewise, has contributed to the growth and development of postcolonial criticism. The first objective of this article is to give a brief overview of different terms attached to the word ?postcolonial?, i.e. postcolonial literary criticism, postcolonial literature and postcolonial theory, since these terms enrich one another theoretically. The second objective is to discuss postcolonial hermeneutics as a reading tool to examine various mundane practices in Southeast Asian postcolonial society. The purpose is to achieve a balanced, reciprocal exchange of perspectives while providing legitimacy for alternative interpretations to the hegemony shown in ?Western? discourse. Citing traditional ways of conflict resolution and eco-friendly land management as examples, this article concludes that postcolonial reading may shed light on how socio-religious conflicts, hybrid experiences of faiths, and other social practices operate and get their respective meanings in postcolonial countries across Southeast Asia.

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