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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 10 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 2, No 2 (2002)" : 10 Documents clear

QSAR STUDY OF 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE DERIVATIVES AS THE ANTIMALARIAL COMPOUNDS USING ELECTRONIC DESCRIPTORS BASED ON SEMIEMPIRICAL AM1 CALCULATION Mustofa Mustofa; Iqmal Tahir; Jumina Jumina
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis of 1,10-phenantroline analogs as antimalarial drug has been conducted using atomic net charges (q) as predictors of their activity. Data of predictors are obtained from computational chemistry method using semi-empirical molecular orbital AM1 calculation. Antimalarial activities are taken as the activity of the drugs against plasmodium falciparum (FcM29-Cameroun) strain and are presented as the value of ln(1/IC50) where IC50 is an effective concentration inhibiting 50 % of the parasite growth. The results show that there is correlation between antiplasmodial activity and electronic structure as represented by a linear function of activity versus atomic net charges of N1, C7, C10, C14 atoms on the 1,10-phenanthroline skeleton and is expressed by :log IC50 = -3,4398 - 14,9050 qN1 - 8,5589 qC10 - 14,7565 qC7 + 5,0457 qC11The equation is significant at 95% level with statistical parameters : n = 13; r = 0,96275; r2 = 0,92689; SE = 0,61578 and F (4,8) = 25,3556.

STUDY OF Cr(VI) PHOTOREDUCTION CATALYZED BY CDO-ZEOLITE Endang Tri Wahyuni; Mudasir Mudasir; Saudur Sinambela
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

An attempt to decrease Cr(VI) ions in the solution which is more toxic than Cr(III) has performed by assisting the photoreduction of Cr(VI) ions catalysed by oxide Cd(II) supported in the zeolite pores (CdO-zeolite). The research consists of preparation, characterization, and photoactivity examination of CdO-zeolite. The preparation was carried out by ion-exchange method, which was followed by oxidation by flowing oxygen gas at 300oC. Analysis to determine the Cd adsorbed by zeolite and characterization to determine Eg as photocatalyst character was carried out by AAS and diffuses reflectance UV-Visible spectrophotometry (DRUV-Vis) methods, respectively. Photoreduction process was carried out in a closed reactor by radiating a suspension of Cr(VI) solution and CdO-zeolite with UV lamp for period of times. The concentration of unreduced Cr(VI) in the solution was determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometer as biphenyl carbacide complex. The results of the analysis and characterization indicated that the amount of Cd in CdO-zeolite is 46,832 mg/g and Eg of CdO-zeolite (3,26 eV) is larger than Eg of CdO (2,38 eV). Photocatalytic examination showed that the photoreduction results are proportional with the Eg values,i.e the results of Cr(VI) catalyzed by CdO-zeolit are higher than that of by CdO. Photoreduction of 50 mL solution Cr(VI) 25 ppm at pH = 7 catalyzed by 50 mg CdO- zeolite for 25 hours has given maximum result of 65,89 %.

QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND MELTING POINT OF SEVERAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Iqmal Tahir; Karna Wijaya; M Utoro Yahya; Muzakky Yapin
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Quantitative Structure - Property Relationships (QSPR) analysis of the Melting Point (m.p) of 349 organic compounds using molecular descriptors based on linear regression have been done. The experiment m.p. values were collected from the CRC Hand Book of Chemistry and Physic 81th [1]. Molecular description of each compound was described in the form of the number of atoms and number of chemical bonding. This study was made in the form of normal melting point (in Kelvin unit) as the linear function of all molecular descriptor. The best equation model was determined by regression multilinear analysis and the result showed that the melting point is linearly correlated with: n(Csek alf), n(Cter alf), n(Csek sik), n(Cter sik), n(Csek arm), n(Cter arm), n(O), n(N), n(F), n(Cl), n(C-C sik), n(C=C arm), n(C1=C2), n(C2=C3), n(C-O), n(C-Br), n(C-I), n(N-H), n(Z), n(ortho), n(meta), n(para), (BM), n(C-H)2, n(H x BM) and n(Cprim x BM). The QSPR equation is significant at 95 % level and has statistical parameters: n = 349, r = 0.943, SD = 24.336 and Fexp = 99.326, respectively.

EFFECT OF DIATOMEAOUS EARTH TREATMENT USING HYDROGEN CHLORIDE AND SULFURIC ACID ON KINETICS OF CADMIUM(II) ADSORPTION Nuryono Nuryono; Narsito Narsito
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In this research, treatment of diatomaceous earth, Sangiran, Central Java using hydrogen chloride (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) on kinetics of Cd(II) adsorption in aqueous solution has been carried out. The work was conducted by mixing an amount of grounded diatomaceous earth (200 mesh in size) with HCl or H2SO4 solution in various concentrations for two hours at temperature range of 100 - 150oC. The mixture was then filtered and washed with water until the filtrate pH is approximately 7 and then the residue was dried for four hours at a temperature of 70oC. The product was used as an adsorbent to adsorb Cd(II) in aqueous solution with various concentrations. The Cd(II) adsorbed was determined by analyzing the rest of Cd(II) in the solution using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The effect of treatment was evaluated from kinetic parameter of adsorption rate constant calculated based on the simple kinetic model. Results showed that before equilibrium condition reached, adsorpstion of Cd(II) occurred through two steps, i.e. a step tends to follow a reaction of irreversible first order (step I) followed by reaction of reversible first order (step II). Treatment with acids, either hydrogen chloride or sulfuric acid, decreased adsorption rate constant for the step I from 15.2/min to a range of 6.4 - 9.4/min. However, increasing concentration of acid (in a range of concentration investigated) did not give significant and constant change of adsorption rate constant. For step II process, adsorption involved physical interaction with the sufficient low adsorption energy (in a range of 311.3 - 1001 J/mol).

A STUDY OF THE SYNTHESIS OF VERATRYL CYANIDE REQUIRED AS AN INTERMEDIATE FOR THE PREPARATION OF C-9154 ANTIBIOTIC DERIVATIVE FROM VANILIN Ila Rosilawati; Jumina Jumina; M Muchalal
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The synthesis of veratryl cyanide [1-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl acetonitril] required as an intermediate for the preparation of C-9154 antibiotic derivative was carried out. The starting material used was vanilin, while the reaction steps consisted of (1) methylation of vanilin, (2) reduction of veratraldehyde, (3) synthesis of veratryl bromide, and (4) treatment of this bromide with KCN. The analysis of the products was carried out using IR, 1H NMR and GC-MS spectrophotometers. The methylation of vanilin was conducted using dimethylsulfate and NaOH at 100 oC for 2 hours to give 79.3% yield of veratraldehyde. The reduction of veratraldehyde with LiBH4 in ethanol - THF mixture (1:1 v/v) at reflux for 4 hours afforded veratryl alcohol in 85.3% yield. This veratryl alcohol was treated with red phosphorous and Br2 in CCl4 at 60 oC for 2 hours to give 1-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy)-phenyl bromomethane in 67.4% yield, instead of the desired veratryl bromide [1-3,4-dimethoxy)-phenyl bromomethane]. This benzyl bromide derivative was then treated with KCN in the presence of tween 80 as a phase catalyst transsfer in benzene-water solvent system at reflux for 2 hours to yield 1-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy)phenyl acetonitril in 58.5%.

Ion Ni2+ di Dalam Air; Pembentukan Fungsi Potensial Intermolekul Bambang Setiaji; Tutik Arindah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Pair potential function of Ni2+-H2O system has been constructed by ab initio method at UHF (Unrestricted Hartre-Fock) level. The basis sets used for energy interaction calculation were LANL2 Double-z ECP of Hay and Wadt for Ni2+ and Double-z Polarization of Dunning for H2O. Construction of pair potential function was done by collecting more than 3000 energy points that represent all interactions of Ni2+ ion and water. The pair potential function of Ni2+-H2O resulted of fitting proses by standard deviation of 3,25 kcal/mol is where AiM, BiM, CiM and DiM are fitting parameter of Ni2+-O or Ni2+-H, riM is distance of i atoms between H2O and Ni2+, q is charge of i atoms of H2O resulted by Mulliken population analysis, and qM is net charge of Ni2+ ion.

SILVER RECYCLING FROM PHOTO-PROCESSING WASTE USING ELECTRODEPOSITION METHOD Mochammad Feri Hadiyanto; Agus Kuncaka
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Silver electrodeposition of photo-processing waste and without addition of KCN 1,0 M has been studied for silver recycling. Photo procesing waste containing silver in form of [Ag(S2O3)2]3- was electrolysed at constant potential and faradic efficiency was determined at various of electrolysis times. Electrolysis of 100 mL photo processing waste without addition of KCN 1,0 M was carried out at constant potential 1.20 Volt, while electrolysis 100 mL photo procesing waste with addition of 10 mL KCN 1,0 M electrolysis was done at 1.30 Volt.The results showed that for silver electrodeposition from photo processing waste with addition of KCN 1,0 M was more favorable with faradic efficiency respectively were 93,16; 87,02; 74,74 and 78,35% for 30; 60; 90 and 120 minutes of electrolysis.

THERMAL EFFECT OF COCONUT CREAMS ABILITY TO ADSORB CALCIUM(II) Fatmawati Tahir; Ani Setyopratiwi; Sri Sudiono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Study of thermal effect of coconut cream's ability to adsorb Ca (II) has been done at various temperatures of 49 oC, 59 oC and 80 oC. The adsorption study was performed to check capacity, energy and rate of adsorption by varying the number of initial concentration of CaCl2 bounded on coconut protein. This research was also done to determine number of Ca (II) in the coconut protein using the salt addition and elicits reaction methods. The result showed that adsorption ability tends to increased with the increase of temperature). Coconut cream heated at 59 oC adsorb Ca(II) with the highest adsorption capacity of 3.98 mg/g and K = 3.48x104 mol-1. The salt addition method on the coconut cream gives more Ca (II) than elicit reaction method. The first method gives 0.01137 mol/L and the second was 0.02845 mol/L. Based on the energy of adsorption, cream without heating had 20.59 kJ/mol as a physical adsorption and heating effect at temperatures 49 oC, 59 oC and 80 oC had 24.95; 28.87 and 24.87 kJ/mol respectively as a chemical adsoprtion with the rate of adsorptions of 0,0054; 0,0510 dan 0,3. 10-4 minute-1, respectively.

THE INTERACTION OF Co2+-AMMONIA MODELLING: THE COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN AB INITIO AND ELECTRON CORRELATION METHODS Harno Dwi Pranowo; Foliatini Foliatini; Karna Wijaya
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Research on comparison between Hartree-Fock method and electron correlation methods as well as the effect of size of basis sets on representing interaction of Co2+-NH3 observed from complex energy parameters and optimum geometric parameters have been carried out.The first step is screening basis sets based on charge transfer effect and BSSE value. The selected basis set does not yield charge transfer at 1,4 Å < < 8 Å, and yield small BSSE value. Electron correlation methods used are Møller-Plesset order 2 (MP2), Møller-Plesset order 3 (MP3), Configuration Interaction, Doubles (CID), dan Configuration Interaction, Singles and Doubles (CISD) whereas the basis set used is the result of the screening. LANL2DZ ECP-6-31G* and LANL2DZ ECP-6-311++G(3df,3pd) basis sets are used with Unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) and Møller-Plesset order 2 (MP2) methods to study the effect of size of basis sets.The result of the research showed that the best basis set is LANL2DZ ECP for Co2+ and 6-31G* for NH3. The application of electron correlation method and large basis set can increase the quality of interaction representation of Co2+- NH3. Møller-Plesset (MP) perturbation method gives larger contribution to correlation energy than Configuration Interaction (CI) method.

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ETHANOL ADDITION AND SOLUTION HEATING ON THE DETERMINATION OF AMMONIA IN WATER BY INDOPHENOL BLUE METHOD Hasri Hasri; Mudasir Mudasir
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The effect of ethanol addition and solution heating on the analytical performance of the determination of ammonia in water by indophenol blue method was studied. The addition of ethanol and solution heating was intended to overcome the problem of reproducibility and sensitivity ussually found in the determination of ammonia by indophenol blue method which is carried out in 100 % aqueous media. The determination of ammonia was done indirectly by reacting ammonia in the sample with hypochloride and phenol using nitroprussida as catalyst to yield blue color-intense chromophore of indophenol. The chromophore was then detected by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The proposed method was applied for the determination of ammonia in various samples of river water located in Yogyakarta and Makassar. Results of the study showed that ethanol addition into analytical solution and solution heating enhanced the formation of indophenol blue. The optimal heating was achieved after 90 minutes of mixing. In ethanol/water medium (50/50, v/v), indophenol blue exhibited maximum absorbance at 648 nm. The analytical performance of ammonia determination by indophenol blue method in this medium is as followed: detection limit = 0.03 ppm, relative standard deviation (RSD) = 2.50 % and the calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 0.0 - 0.4 ppm with correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9968. Results of ammonia determination in various samples of river water showed that the highest concentration of ammonia (2.421 ppm) was found in Tallo river, Makassar, while the lowest (0.359 ppm) was shown by the river near SGM factory, Yogyakarta.

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