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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 25 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 20, No 5 (2020)" : 25 Documents clear

Selective Determination of Acidic Drugs in Water Samples Using Online Solid Phase Extraction Liquid Chromatography with Alginate Incorporated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Extraction Sorbent Nurzaimah Zaini @ Othman; Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi; Nor’ashikin Saim; Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim; Ahmad Lutfi Anis
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A rapid and effective method is developed for selective determination of five selected acidic drugs (salicylic acid, naproxen, diclofenac, ibuprofen and mefenamic acid) in water samples by using online solid phase extraction (Online-SPE) prior to liquid chromatography diode array detector (LC-DAD) analysis. In this study, Alginate incorporated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Alg-MWCNT) beads were prepared and utilized as solid phase extraction sorbent. Optimization of online SPE-LC operating parameters such as valve switching time, composition of acetonitrile and buffer pH was conducted using Box-Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to evaluate the interactive effects of these three variables. Under the optimized conditions (valve switching time: 1.5 min, composition of acetonitrile: MSA, 60:40 and buffer pH: pH 2), the method showed good linearity (1–500 μg L−1) with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9971–0.9996 and low limits of detection ≤ 0.018 µg L–1. The method showed high relative recoveries in the range of 75–110% for river water and tap water samples, respectively with RSDs of ≤ 7.8 (n = 3). This method was successfully applied to the determination of acidic drugs in river and tap water samples. In addition, Alg-MWCNT sorbent offered high degree of selectivity and efficiency for online SPE-LC-DAD analysis.

Catalytic and Thermal Cracking of Bio-Oil from Oil-Palm Empty Fruit Bunches, in Batch Reactor Santiyo Wibowo; Lisna Efiyanti; Gustan Pari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The world’s potency of fossil-derived petroleum fuels has declined steadily, while its consumption continues to rise ominously. Therefore, several countries have started to develop renewable fuels like bio-oil from biomass. Relevantly, the aim of this research was to explore the technical feasibility of upgrading the qualities of crude bio-oil (CBO) produced from the pyrolysis on oil-palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) using Ni/NZA catalyst in a batch reactor. The natural zeolite (NZ) was activated by HCL 6 N and NH4Cl (obtained sample NZA). Supporting Ni onto NZA was conducted with an impregnation method using a salt precursor of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O followed by calcination with a temperature of 500 °C. Catalyst characterization includes determining the site of TO4 (T = Si or Al) in zeolites, acidity, crystallinity, and catalyst morphology. Cracking reaction of CBO was carried out in batch reactor in varied temperatures of 250 and 300 °C with the variation of catalyst weight of 0, 4, 6, and 8% toward CBO. Several analyses of the liquid product such as product yield, specific gravity, pH, viscosity, calorific value, and chemical compound were conducted. The results showed that acidification and Ni loading on zeolite samples increased their acidity. The optimum CBO’s cracking condition was judged to be the temperature of 300 °C with 6% Ni/NZA catalyst use, whereby the fuel yield reached 26.42% and dominated by particular compounds comprising phenol, octanoic acid, and alkane hydrocarbons. Under such conditions, the characteristics of fuel were pH 3.54, specific gravity 0.995, viscosity 14.3 cSt, and calorific value 30.85 MJ/kg.

The Effect of Bioactive Polyphenols from Anacardium occidentale Linn. Leaves on α-Amylase and Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activities Nur Imanina Abdullah Thaidi; Hanapi Mat Jusoh; Ahmad Badruddin Ghazali; Deny Susanti; Normah Haron
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Anacardium occidentale Linn. (A. occidentale L.) leaves possess bioactive polyphenols which are associated with antidiabetic potency for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, free, soluble ester, and insoluble-bound phenolic fractions from young and mature leaves of A. occidentale L. were extracted. Subsequently, all fractions were investigated for their inhibitory effect on α-amylase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activities. Both free (72.45 ± 3.6%) and soluble ester (83.40 ± 4.7%) phenolic fractions in the mature leaves extracts had significantly demonstrated greater α-amylase inhibitors than the young leaves. Likewise, soluble ester (4.09 ± 0.34 µg/mL) and insoluble-bound (4.87 ± 0.32 µg/mL) phenolic fractions in the mature leaves extracts were significantly more effective in inhibiting DPPIV than the young leaves. As for fractions comparison, insoluble-bound derived from the young leaves extract was a more potent α-amylase inhibitor than free and soluble ester phenolic fractions (p < 0.0001). Besides, soluble ester and insoluble-bound phenolic fractions showed a stronger inhibitor of DPPIV than the free phenolic (p < 0.001), irrespective of the maturity of the leaves. In conclusion, this study showed that A. occidentale L. extracts possessed antidiabetic properties, which may potentially be used as an alternative treatment for T2DM management.

Atmospheric Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel and Galvanized Steel after Exposure in Eretan and Ciwaringin, West Java Province, Indonesia Gadang Priyotomo; Lutviasari Nuraini; Siska Prifiharni; Ahmad Royani; Sundjono Sundjono; Hadi Gunawan; Meng Zheng
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The investigation of corrosion for carbon steel and galvanized steel has been conducted in the marine atmosphere of Eretan and Ciwaringin Districts, West Java Province. The exposure time of the field test was up to 200 days, and their corrosion rates are determined according to weight loss method. The objective of the work is to elucidate the corrosion behavior of those alloys which is affected by distances from coastline and environmental condition. The magnitude of corrosion rate for carbon steel was 20 times as high as that for galvanized steel in both districts The distance from coastline has significantly affected for the magnitude of corrosion rate, where that both alloys in Ciwaringin is lower than that in Eretan. The deposition of chloride ion in Eretan and Ciwaringin Districts were 4.305 mg/m2 day and 1.863 mg/m2 day, respectively, where the higher chloride ion can tend to increase the corrosion rates. Relative humidity (RH) which is over 60% has essential role for corrosion process as well as rainfall. The uniform corrosion attack was observed both alloys after exposure. The corrosion product phases of galvanized steel exhibits as zincite, hydrozincite and simonkolleite in Eretan as the typical coastline atmosphere phases but not in Ciwaringin. The formation of rust product for both metals lead the decrease of further corrosion attack due to the barrier between metal and environment. The usage of galvanized steel is remarkable to minimize corrosion attack compared to that of carbon steel in tropical coastline.

Varietal Discrimination of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) Using Chromatographic Fingerprints and Chemometrics Almie Amira Munaras Khan; Norashikin Saim; Rossuriati Dol Hamid; Rozita Osman; Siti Raihan Zakaria
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography (online SPE-LC) with diode array detector (DAD) was used to obtain the chromatographic fingerprint of bioactive compounds of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.). The extracts from 40 samples of three different varieties of pineapple (Morris, MD2, and Josaphine) were obtained using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) prior to separation using online SPE-LC. The SPE-LC method was optimized and validated and applied to 40 pineapple samples of those three varieties. Seven bioactive compounds identified include catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, myricetin, and bromelain. For varietal discrimination, the relative areas of 16 selected peaks were subjected to chemometric techniques. The three pineapple varieties were successfully discriminated using cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA).

Cellulose Acetate of Rice Husk Blend Membranes: Preparation, Morphology and Application Meri Suhartini; Engela Evy Ernawati; Anisa Roshanova; Haryono Haryono; June Mellawati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Cellulose acetate blend membranes in this study synthesized from cellulose acetate (CA) of rice husk and NaA zeolites (Z) with N,N’-Methylene bis acrylamide (MBA) as cross-linker agent and gamma-rays from cobalt-60 source as a reaction initiator. Application of the membrane was carried out to increase the concentration of vetiverol in vetiver oil. The steps in this study were isolation the cellulose rice husk with alkali treatment, delignification, acetylation, preparation the cellulose acetate-NaA zeolites NaA-membrane by inverse phase technique, addition N,N’-Methylene bis acrylamide, and irradiation by gamma-rays. Swelling degree, crosslinking yield, tensile strength, membrane performance, FTIR, and SEM analysis were observed. The results obtained that the optimal irradiation dose for synthesis CA-Z-MBA membrane is 20 kGy. The CA-Z-MBA membrane has swelling degree of 4.44%, the tensile strength of 656.40 kg/cm2, and crosslinking yield of 6.61%. Performance of the CA-Z-MBA membrane reached the flux of 60.58 g/m2.h, and permeate concentration (CP) of 11.67%, the CP increase 5 times from 2.40% to 11.67%.

Identification of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) Inhibitor: Pharmacophore-based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Muhammad Arba; Malindo Sufriadin; Daryono Hadi Tjahjono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) is a validated drug target for the treatment of cancer. The present study aims to search for new inhibitors of PI3Kδ by employing pharmacophore modelling using LigandScout Advanced 4.3 software. The three hydrogen bond acceptors and two hydrophobic features were proposed as a pharmacophore model using LASW1976 structure. The model was then validated using the Area Under Curve (AUC) of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and GH score. It was used to screen new molecules in the ZINC database, which resulted in 599 hits. All 599 hits were then docked into PI3Kδ protein, and five best hits were submitted to 50 ns molecular dynamics simulations. Each hit complexed with PI3Kδ underwent minor conformational changes as indicated by the values of Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) and Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF). Furthermore, prediction of the binding free energy using Molecular Mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) method showed that five hits, i.e., Lig25/ZINC253496376, Lig682/ZINC98047241, Lig449/ZINC85878047, Lig554/ZINC253389510, and Lig199/ZINC12638303, had lower binding energy compared to LASW1976. This result indicated their potentials as new inhibitors of PI3Kδ.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Cu(II) in Analytical Sample Using a New Chromogenic Reagent (HPEDN) Esraa Raafid; Muneer A. Al-Da’amy; Salih Hadi Kadhim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The sensitive, accurate and rapid spectrophotometric method that can be used for determination of Cu(II) in the analytical samples using a new chromogenic reagent azo-Schiff base 1-((4-(1-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)ethyl)-phenyl)diazenyl) naphthalene-2-ol (HPEDN). The synthesized new (azo-Schiff base) ligand was complexed with copper(II) and characterized using UV/Vis spectroscopy, IR spectra, 1H-NMR, 13CN-MR spectra, Molar electrical connectivity, and measuring of their melting points. Then obtained complex showed a brown color with maximum absorption at λmax = 500 nm at pH = 9. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration in the range of 1.7 to 5.4 μg/mL. The molar absorption and Sandell’s sensitivity values of Cu(II) complex were found to be 0.5038 × 104 L mol–1 cm–1 and 0.0039 μg cm–2, respectively. Structure of the prepared complex was investigated by using the continuous variation, mole ratio method and slope analysis method. The obtained results showed that the complex has (1:2) (M:L) molar ratio and these results showed that this method were more sensitive, more precise and accuracy through the calculation of (Re, Erel, R.S.D)%. The most important interferences were due to, Co2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Pd2+, Fe3+ and these were studied, and suitable masking agents were used. This method was applied for the determination of Cu(II) in alloy. The obtained results were compared with flame atomic absorption spectrometry method and these results were in a good agreement in these two cases.

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Magnetic Citric Acid-Sugarcane Bagasse for Removal of Textile Dyes Nguyen Thi Hong Anh; Tran Thanh Phuc; Tran Nguyen Minh An; Pho Quoc Hue; Nguyen Van Cuong
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Wastewater from industries has been a serious issue that both manufactures and authorities raise concerns since it brings tremendous demerits to the surrounding environment and human well-being. Therefore, an appropriate treatment method should be applied before being discharged into the environment. In this paper, sugarcane bagasse was modified with citric acid and then used to load the suspension of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to form a nanocomposite of magnetic citric acid-modified sugarcane bagasse. The properties of prepared materials were investigated by a variety of modern methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The adsorptive capacity of prepared materials was investigated with methylene blue as the typical adsorbate. The decolonization effectiveness was increased with increasing contact time and declined with rising initial dye concentration. The higher removal efficiency was observed for the basic medium in comparison with the acidic medium. Additionally, the results showed that more than 12.42 mg/g (98%) of cationic yellow 51, and basic red 46 dyes were removed after 30 min.

Improved Maleic Anhydride Grafting to Linear Low Density Polyethylene by Microencapsulation Method Iman Rahayu; Achmad Zainuddin; Sunit Hendrana
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A common graft copolymerization method usually results in a low degree of grafting due to its poor inter-component interactions. A monomer microencapsulation method should be useful to enhance the current graft copolymerization technique. The maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was successfully synthesized by monomer microencapsulation without using a direct method in order to find a high degree of grafting. The results showed that the degree of grafting of the LLDPE synthesized by microencapsulation (5.9%) was higher than that achieved with the direct method (5.0%).

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