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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 25 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 24, No 2 (2024)" : 25 Documents clear
Synthesis, Structure and Biological Activity Studies of New Metal Ion Complexes Based on 3-[(3-Hydroxynaphthalene-2-yl-ethylidene)-hydrazono]-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one Safa Sami; Naser Shaalan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.87359

Abstract

In the present study, a novel ligand (L) made of 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde and 3-hydrazone-1,3-dihydro-indole-2-one(3-[(3-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl-ethylidene)-hydrazono]-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one). The ligand was characterized by FTIR, UV-vis, mass, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and CHN elemental analysis. New complexes of this ligand were created by treating methanol and a drop of DMF solution of the produced ligand with the hydrated metal salts of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) in a molar ratio of 2:1 (L:M). As a result, complexes have been emerged and identified FTIR, UV-vis, C.H.N., chloride-containing, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, and atomic absorption. The characterization result for each complex indicated complexes with octahedral coordination geometry and tridentates with metal to ligand ratios of 1:2. The biological activities of the new compounds were examined against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) giving an acceptable inhibition efficiency.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Study of Novel Porphyrin Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in HCl Solutions Mohammed Thamer Jaafar; Luma Majeed Ahmed; Rahman Tama Haiwal
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.87682

Abstract

This study involves the synthesis of some porphyrins derivatives, these are termed as 4,4',4'',4'''-(porphyrin-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakis(N-(6-aminoacridin-3-yl)benzamide) (3a), 4,4',4'',4'''-(porphyrin-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakis(N-(5-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzamide) (3b), 4,4'-(10,20-bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin-5,15-diyl)bis(N-(6-aminoacridin-3yl)benzamide) (5a), and 4,4'-(10,20-bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin-5,15-diyl)bis(N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzamide) (5b). These derivatives were synthesized using open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) in 0.1 M HCl solution methods. These derivatives were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- and 13C-NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectra (ESI), and micro elemental analysis (CHN). The activity of these synthesized materials was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor using carbon steel (CS) as a model for corroded materials. The obtained results showed that the synthesized porphyrins derivatives were effective corrosion inhibitors to 0.1 M HCl solution for CS. In the case of the derivative 3a, a maximum inhibition efficiency (IE%) was recorded and it was around 74%. The derivative 3b showed an IE% of around 68.11%, while the %IE of 5a and 5b were around 18.98% and 45.16%, respectively. The best IE% value that was recorded for the derivative 3a has the potential to be effective anticorrosive coatings for industrial applications and act as mixture inhibitor because their ΔEcorr values are less than 85 mV. On the CS surface following treatment with compound 3a, the inhibitor mechanism for acidic medium (HCl) was investigated.
Formulation and Characterization of a Pluronic F127 Polymeric Micelle as a Nanocarrier for Berberine Delivery Noora Kadhim Hadi Alyasari; Anwar Jasib Almzaiel
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.88109

Abstract

Berberine's (Ber’s) lower water solubility, which leads to low bioavailability, poses substantial delivery-related barriers to its therapeutic efficacy. Thus, a new approach to improving Ber's delivery and bioavailability is required. In this study, a Pluronic F127 micelle containing Ber (mBer) was formulated using thin-film hydration technique with the intention of resolving challenging issues associated with Ber delivery. The micelle was tested for drug loading and retention efficiency, size, zeta potential, shape, in vitro release, and in vitro toxicity. The spherical micelles that were made had an average encapsulation efficiency of 85%, a hydrodynamic size of 82.2 nm, a polydispersity of 0.176, and a zeta potential of −47.4 mV. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that Ber was physically entrapped and in an amorphous state within the synthesized micelles. Compared to the free Ber solution, the in vitro release of Ber from micelles exhibited both short-term rapid release and sustained release. The mBer was shown to be relatively non-toxic to blood cells via an in vitro hemolysis assay. Our findings showed that polymeric F127 micelles could be a simple nanocarrier for Ber delivery, which can be used to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of Ber.
A Univariate Optimization Strategy for Pre-concentration of Cobalt(II) in Various Matrixes by a DLLME before Analysis Using FAAS Zaman Sahb Mehdi; Saher Abdel Reda Ali Alshamkhawy
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.88218

Abstract

A procedure based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) for cobalt (Co) quantification in an Iraqi environmental matrix by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) was applied in this work. A case-study approach was chosen to obtain further in-depth information on the Co levels and to evaluate the effectiveness of N-salicylideneaniline (SAN) as a complexing agent for pre-concentration and extraction of Co. An univariate strategy was utilized to achieve the optimum extraction conditions. The estimated limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) under optimum conditions were 1.04 and 3.47 µg L−1, respectively. The results achieved by the proposed system were compared with those using the microwave digestion/graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (MWD/GF-AAS) for digest samples and also for some water samples (Direct GF-AAS). The proposed procedure was applied for analyzing eleven environmental samples. The detectable Co levels for water samples ranged from 0.72 to 4.30 µg L−1 with a relative standard deviation of 3.7–8.8%, while the concentration for solid samples ranged from 0.17–4.51 µg g−1 (2.4–11.8 RSD %). DLLME/FAAS proposed procedure is effective, simple, and has the benefit of minimizing the organic solvent consumption by a few microliters, which results in little waste.
New Charge-Transfer Complexes of Organochalcogenide Compound Based on Aryl Acetamide Group with Quinones: Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant, and Computational Study Attared Fadhel Hassan; Nahed Hazim Al-Haidery; Suhad Rajab Kareem; Sabah Abbas Malik; Shaker Abdel Salem Al-Jadaan; Nuha Hussain Al-Saadawy
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.88463

Abstract

This study aims to prepare charge transfer complexes derived from organochalcogenide of arylamide derivatives with different quinones. A new charge-transfer complexes have been developed through a direct reaction between (PhNHCOCH2)2Se, (o-CH3PhNHCOCH2)2Se, and (PhCH2NHCOCH2)2E, where E = S, Se, and Te are electron donors and different quinones are electron acceptors. The quinones used in the reaction were 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinones (DDQ), 7,7’,8,8’-tetracyanoquinodimethane, and tetracyanoethane. The electron donors and electron acceptor mol were 1:1, and the reaction was conducted in acetonitrile. Infrared, 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopic data characterized all complexes. The complexes’ antioxidant activity was evaluated through α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl at 10–0.312 mg/mL. The results showed that all complexes exhibited promising antioxidant activities. Among them, (PhCH2NHCOCH2)2S·DDQ compound had the least IC50 value of 6.725 mg/mL, indicating a potent scavenging property compared to other compounds. The molecular structures of charge-transfer complexes were investigated using hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP) and basis set 3-21G. We obtained geometrical structures' highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) surfaces and energy gaps through geometric optimization. We also investigated the molecular shapes and contours of the prepared compounds through geometrical optimization and compared the HOMO energy of the CT compounds to investigate donor and acceptor properties.
Methotrexate-Polymer Nanocomposites for Targeted Pulmonary Drug Delivery Aseel Khaled Mohammad AL-Sarayrah; Samer Hasan Hussein-Al-Ali; Mike Khalil Haddad; Dalia Kalil
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.88495

Abstract

Nanocomposite formulation is a suitable technology that enables the development of successful dry powder inhalers. The methotrexate (MTX) and polyamide-disulfide (polymer) were used as a model to form MTX-polymer nanocomposites. Different amounts of the independent variable, MTX (0.025 and 0.050 g), polymer (0.05 and 0.01 g), pH (6.7 and 11.3), and across-linker ferric chloride (FeCl3) (0.05 and 0.10 g) were used. The loading efficiency and particle size were dependent variables. The optimized formula can be obtained with the highest loading efficiency and optimum particle size. This formula can be collected by using 0.025 g of drug, 0.079 g of polymer, 0.050 g of FeCl3, and pH = 6.7. The release of MTX from the nanocomposites occurs in two release steps; the first release step starts from the beginning up to 60 min, followed by a continuous release phase within 60 min. The results of the NGI analysis demonstrated that 28.1% of the nominated dose in each puff reached the lower parts of the respiratory system, an indication that the nanocomposites can be used in the delivery of MTX as a respiratory system.
Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Material/Chitosan Composite Modified with Glycidyl-Trimethylammonium Chloride Feri Mukhayani; Eko Sri Kunarti; Yuichi Kamiya; Nuryono Nuryono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.88758

Abstract

Glycidyl-trimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) containing quaternary ammonium (QA) groups is commonly used as a base catalyst for any organic reaction. This research prepared a novel composite of GTMAC attached to chitosan-coated magnetic material (MM/Chi/GTMAC) using a precipitation method. The effect of chitosan and GTMAC contents on MM/chi/GTMAC properties was studied, where the chitosan content varied from 0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mol, and GTMAC varied from 0, 0.3, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, and 3 mL with the constant mass of MM (0.4640 g). The physicochemical and morphological properties were characterized with FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, TGA, UV-vis, AAS, and zeta-sizer, and the magnetic strength was simply tested with an external magnet. The result showed that a mixture containing chitosan and GTMAC of 0.358 g and 1.5 mL was an optimum composition, in which MM/chi(0.5)/GTMAC(1.5) has high thermal stability, low chitosan and Fe solubility, and optimum content of QA (0.284 mol/g) without loss of magnetic strength. The higher the amount of chitosan, the lower the magnetic properties, and the higher the GTMAC did not increase the QA content. Therefore, the composite produced has the potential to be a novel heterogeneous base catalyst that is quickly recovered from any organic reaction media.
Optimization of Essential Oil Production from Cymbopogon citratus in Vietnam by Hydro-Distillation Thi Cam Van Do; Thi Cuong Vu
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.88766

Abstract

Citral-rich lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oils have been reported to exhibit anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties, leading to wide applications in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, perfumery markets, and pest inhibition. Vietnam has abundant lemongrass, which can be centralized to develop a lemongrass-based essential oil industry. In this work, essential oils were extracted from lemongrass harvested from the Bac Giang and Phu Yen provinces of Vietnam. The study aimed to investigate the influential factors, including distillation time, raw material size, water quality, and water-to-material ratio, to optimize oil production from C. citratus in a 10 L hydro-distillation boiler. The maximum oil yield was obtained under the optimal conditions: distillation time of 180 min, the plant material size of 2–3 mm, reverse osmosis (RO) and/or distilled water, and water-to-material ratio of 5/1 (mL/g). The maximum yields of lemongrass oil from Bac Giang and Phu Yen provinces were determined as 2.55 and 3.96 mL/kg, with corresponding citral contents analyzed of 45.5 and 68.1%, respectively. From the experimental data, a protocol for essential oil production from Vietnam’s C. citratus by the hydro-distillation technique was proposed.
Phytochemistry and Antidiabetic Activity from the Leaf Midrib of Nypa fruticans Wurm. Rosnani Nasution; Yoon Jeon; Hadis Fadillah; Muhammad Bahi; Marianne Marianne
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.89094

Abstract

This study aims to determine the antidiabetic activity of n-hexane and ethanol extracts of Nypa fruticans leaf sheaths. The ethanol extract, with the most active antidiabetic properties from the n-hexane extract, was characterized using GC-MS. The total phenol, total flavonoid, and antioxidant properties were determined, and then the ethanol extract was fractionated. An antidiabetic activity test was carried out using the glucose tolerance method in male Swiss Webster mice. The results showed that subfraction A (the effect of fractionation of ethanol extract) was the most capable of reducing blood sugar levels, namely 247.67 mg/dL in 30 min (the activity is 98.67% compared to glibenclamide). The ethanol extract can reduce blood glucose levels by 203.34 mg/dL at 30 min (81.01% compared to glibenclamide). The results of total phenolic and total flavonoid content tests for the ethanol extract were obtained at 18.0349 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 2.8309 mg quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. On the other hand, the IC50 antioxidant activity of the extract is 417.4399 ppm. Characterization using GC-MS on the extract showed that the dominant phytoconstituent in the extract is 4-methoxy-6-(2-propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole, with a composition of 63.45%.  
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Dapsone-Derived Bisazo Ligand and Its Gold(III) Complex, with Evaluation of Its Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities Haider Muhammad Hessoon; Hussam Muhammad Abbas
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.89115

Abstract

In this study, we successfully synthesized a novel bisazo ligand derived from dapsone and explored its potential as a versatile coordination compound. Furthermore, we formed an Au(III) complex with this bisazo ligand and extensively characterized it using a range of analytical techniques, including UV-visible, FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis (TGA). The Au(III) complex exhibited significant inhibitory effects on liver cancer cells (HEPG2), achieving a maximum inhibition rate of 56.45% at a concentration of 400 µg mL−1. Interestingly, the complex showed comparatively milder effects on normal cells (HDFn). Both the ligand and the gold complex demonstrated antioxidant properties, with ascorbic acid serving as a reference for comparison. These findings underscore the promising potential of the synthesized bisazo ligand and its Au(III) complex in medicinal chemistry, particularly for cancer treatment and antioxidant applications. Additionally, these compounds exhibit nanoscale characteristics, further enhancing their relevance in various scientific and technological fields.

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