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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 25 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 24, No 6 (2024)" : 25 Documents clear
Determination of Chlorpromazine Using Molecular Imprinting Polymers in Different Sample Matrices Ammen, Eman Wajeh; Al-Bayati, Yehya Kamal
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.94705

Abstract

Antipsychotic drugs, including chlorpromazine, are frequently used to treat mental illnesses. However, prolonged exposure to even small amounts of the substance can accumulate and cause a potential human health risk. Thus, the selective and sensitive detection of these drugs is crucial. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are receptors that are designed to have a highly specific molecular recognition ability, which is the primary and crucial function of receptors. The synthesis of chlorpromazine-imprinted polymers involves the polymerization of functional monomers and cross-linkers in the presence of chlorpromazine as a template, followed by the removal of the template to create cavities with complementary binding sites. Various strategies, including bulk polymerization, free radical polymerization surface imprinting, and nanoimprinting, have been employed to fabricate chlorpromazine-molecular imprinted polymers with high affinity and selectivity. Characterization techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy are commonly employed to confirm the successful imprinting of chlorpromazine. The high selectivity of MIP toward templates enables them to be used in various applications like solid-phase extraction and chemical sensors, among others. The aim of this review is to present and highlight the various methods used to determine chlorpromazine based on molecular imprinting polymers in different samples.
Synthesis of Water-Soluble Menthol Derivatives Using Response Surface Methodology Nisar, Shafaq; Hanif, Muhammad Asif; Rashid, Umer; Jilani, Muhammad Idrees; Bhatti, Ijaz Ahmad; Ali, Imtiaz; Zieniuk, Bartłomiej
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.94761

Abstract

In this study, menthol was glycosylated with starch in the presence of α-amylase to produce menthyl maltoside (MenM) as the primary product. Optimization of the experimental parameters, including the menthol-starch ratio, enzyme concentration, temperature, and time, was performed using response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM-generated model displayed adequate accuracy and reasonable predictability for the MenM yield under the specified experimental conditions. Under the optimized reaction conditions of the menthol-to-starch ratio of 1:3 (50 °C, 18 h) and enzyme concentration of 50 U, the highest yield of MenM (23.7%) was obtained. Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies were employed to analyze the synthesized menthol derivative MenM. Compared with standard menthol, the synthesized menthol derivatives displayed various biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal properties. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of RSM-optimized synthesis of MenM from the glycosylation of menthol with starch. This study showed that MenM is highly soluble in water and can be easily stored owing to its non-volatile nature.
One-Pot Synthesis and In Vitro Studies of Calix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene Derivatives as Antimalarial Agents Against Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine-Resistant Strain FCR-3 Nursofia, Baiq Ike; Kurniawan, Yehezkiel Steven; Jumina, Jumina; Pranowo, Harno Dwi; Sholikhah, Eti Nurwening; Julianus, Jeffry; Wibowo, Susalit Setya; Fatimi, Hana Anisa; Priastomo, Yoga; Priyangga, Krisfian Tata Aneka
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.94885

Abstract

Malaria is an endemic disease in Indonesia caused by infection from the Plasmodium parasite. Recently, antimalarial resistance significantly contributed to the decline in the cure rate of malaria sufferers. In this work, three calix[4]resorcinarenes have been synthesized from 2-methylresorcinol and different benzaldehyde derivatives, i.e., 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, and 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde through the one-pot synthesis procedure. The calix[4]resorcinarenes synthesis was done through a cyclo-condensation reaction by using HCl 37% as the catalyst and ethanol as the solvent in an one-pot reaction. The structures of the synthesized products were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared, proton-nuclear magnetic resonance, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. The antimalarial activity assay was evaluated against the Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3 strain through an in vitro study. Three synthesized compounds, i.e., C-4-chlorophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene, C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene and C-4-dimethylaminophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene have been successfully synthesized in up to 97% yield. The C-4-chlorophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinerene exhibited the most potent antimalarial activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 2.66 µM against P. falciparum FCR-3 while the C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene and C-4-dimethylaminophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene gave the IC50 values of 23.63 and 13.82 µM, respectively. From the results, it could be concluded that the antimalarial activity of calix[4]-2-methylresorcinarenes was influenced by the type of substituent of aromatic rings at the para position.
Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Amomum Species Dinata, Deden Indra; Maharani, Rani; Muttaqin, Fauzan Zein; Supratman, Unang
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.95402

Abstract

Amomum is a pungent and aromatic plant genus that contains 150–180 species, where Southeast Asia is the center of endemism, with Indonesia indigenous to 24 breeds. These species are used as spices and traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. This paper aims to provide Amomum species summarized data regarding phytochemistry and biological activities. Several studies have been carried out on the fruits, seeds, roots, rhizomes, and leaves of Amomum species from 1999 to 2024, as approximately 127 metabolites were isolated as flavonoid, diterpenoid, diarylheptanoid, monoterpenoid, sesquiterpenoid, phenylpropanoid, phenolic, and steroid groups. Besides cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potentials; it also has an owed tendency for use as a chemical marker. The extracts and compounds obtained from the Amomum species were evaluated for biological activities, including cytotoxicity, antioxidant, anticancer, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, platelet antiaggregation, and antidiabetic properties. Tsaoko arilon (neolignane) had antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, with the highest reactions considered as lead compounds for further development. The findings highlighted the significance of using compounds from the Amomum genus in traditional medicine and the discovery of new medicines. Therefore, the results supported the concept of utilizing Amomum species as a potential source for producing biologically active compounds.
Review on Melanin Application as an Antibacterial and Antioxidant Agent in Food Packaging Mustakim, Zainal; Prasetya, Agus; Wintoko, Joko; Kayati, Fitri Nur; Purnomo, Chandra Wahyu
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.95550

Abstract

One of the solutions to reduce food waste is creating innovative food packaging to lengthen its shelf life. This type of packaging can be produced by incorporating natural antimicrobials and antioxidation agents such as melanin. Various biologically active and multifunctional properties are associated with this biomacromolecule, i.e., antioxidants, antibacterial properties, and free radical scavengers. Thus, melanin is an indispensable component. It is expected that food packaging manufactured from natural materials containing melanin will have several advantages, including biodegradability, antioxidant ability, and antibacterial activity. A review of melanin as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent from many different sources that is utilized as an additive in food packaging is presented.
Preparation, Structural Identification, and Biomedical Evaluation of Some New Complexes Abbas, Alyaa Khider; Fadhil, Asmaa Edrees
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.95759

Abstract

A new nano azo ligand, [2-amino-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H-purin-8-yl)diazenyl)nitrobenzene (AH), and its Ag(I), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes were successfully synthesized and characterized using elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, and spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, UV-vis, ¹H-NMR), along with thermal analysis. FTIR confirmed the ligand acts as a neutral N,N-bidentate. The metal-to-ligand ratio was determined to be 1:1 for Ag(I) and Zn(II) complexes and 1:2 for the Cu(II) complex. Stability constants and Gibbs free energy, assessed via spectrophotometry, indicated high stability for all complexes. SEM and X-ray diffraction revealed nanoscopic properties for the Ag(I) and Cu(II) complexes. The antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans species showed good efficiency compared to reference drugs. The ligand also exhibited moderate antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay. Additionally, the Zn(II) complex demonstrated effective anti-inflammatory activity, promoting wound healing within 14 days, compared to 16 days with silver sulfadiazine and 18 days without treatment.
New Insights of Response Surface Methodology Approach in Optimizing Total Phenolic Content of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. Fruit Extracted Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction and the Impact to Antioxidant Activity Sumaiyah, Sumaiyah; Murwanti, Retno; Illian, Didi Nurhadi; Lubis, Muhammad Fauzan; Tampubolon, Keshia
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.95922

Abstract

Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC., a unique spice plant from North Sumatra, is rich in beneficial secondary metabolites, particularly phenolic compounds. This study utilized the microwave-assisted extraction method to enhance the extraction of these bioactive compounds. The goal was to determine the optimal extraction conditions, including solvent concentration (X1), microwave power (X2), and extraction time (X3) to maximize the total phenolic content (TPC) of Z. acanthopodium fruit. A Box-Behnken design, part of response surface methodology, was used with three factors at three levels: X1 (50%, 75%, and 100% ethanol in water), X2 (180, 300, and 450 W), and X3 (3, 8.5, and 14 min). The phenolic compounds in the optimized extract were identified using LC-HRMS, and its antioxidant activity was measured using radical scavenging activity assays. The statistical analysis indicated a significant quadratic model (p-value < 0.05), with a high R2 of 86.25%. Optimal conditions for maximum TPC (159.637 ± 5.72 mg GAE/g) were achieved with 50% ethanol, 450 W, and 8.5 min, outperforming conventional extraction methods. Compared to the non-optimized extract, the optimized extract also exhibited strong antioxidant activity, particularly in DPPH radical inhibition. This method successfully optimized TPC in Z. acanthopodium fruit, enhancing its antioxidant properties.
Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminosilicate Catalysts from Volcano Mud for Biofuel Production with Different Feedstocks Hartati, Hartati; A'yuni, Qurrota; Dewi, Nita Safira; Firda, Putri Bintang Dea; Izzah, Adiba Naila; Prasetyoko, Didik; Harmami, Harmami; Ahmad, Shahrul Nizam
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.96149

Abstract

The increasing awareness of sustainable development goals has led to the intensive development of biofuel as a substitute for fossil fuels. This study investigates the potency of volcano mud (VM) as the precursor in synthesizing aluminosilicate catalysts for biofuel production. Three catalysts were synthesized, A3, A3T, and A5, in a manner to investigate the effect of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) addition and hydrothermal time on the crystallinity, Si/Al ratio, and textural properties of the catalysts. The catalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts was evaluated in two different qualities of feedstock, i.e., oleic acid (OA) and waste cooking oil (WCO). It is found that A5 which is synthesized with longer hydrothermal of 5 h has desirable properties, a high mesoporous surface area of 159 m2/g, and a high acidity of 0.263 mmol/g. Catalyst A5 is proven to have similarly high catalytic activity in both WCO and OA feedstock, achieving a liquid yield of 93% with FAME selectivity of 95% for WCO and 95% liquid yield and FAME selectivity of 99% for OA feedstock. These results suggest that A5 is a versatile catalyst in biofuel production from either high or low-quality feedstocks.
Volatilomics Profiling of Counterfeit Perfume by Gas Chromatography Hyphenated to Mass Spectrometry and Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy Hidayah, Siti Nurul; Suma, Artania Adnin Tri; Lukitaningsih, Endang
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.96313

Abstract

To prevent deleterious effects on consumers and potential health damage caused by counterfeit perfumes, this study aims to distinguish the original perfume from its suspected counterfeit products. Fingerprint and volatilomics profiling was performed using attenuated total reflection-Fourier infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and gas chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Headspace (HS)-GC-MS was optimized to analyze perfume samples containing water. In the presence of water, our optimized HS-GC-MS method shows linalool's consistent signal intensity, providing an alternative analytical method for water-based perfume formulation. The GC-MS chemical characterization revealed 45 compounds detected in the original sample but only four compounds were detected in the counterfeit products: linalool, citronellol, methyl jasmonate, acetic acid, and propanol. This suggests a clear difference in the formulation of counterfeit products. Counterfeit products also cheat by using a lower amount of ingredients. Relative quantification shows that linalool in counterfeit products was as low as only 5.1% of the amount in the original product. In addition, cheaper and hazardous materials like methanol and 6,7-dihydrogeraniol were detected in counterfeit products. The combination of ATR-FTIR, GC-MS, and HS-GC-MS demonstrated fast authentication of counterfeit perfumes for routine quality control purposes and the possibility of water-based perfume analysis.
Magnetically Active GO-Fe3O4 Nanocomposite for Enhanced Rhodamine B Removal Efficiency Souhuat, Alexander; Aritonang, Henry Fonda; Koleangan, Harry Steven Julius
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.96383

Abstract

According to the World Bank study, approximately 17–20% of water contamination is attributed to the textile industry. The quantity of waste produced increases as a result of increased productivity. Textile wastewater contains dyes such as rhodamine B (RhB), which are hazardous and challenging to remove using standard methods. Adsorption utilizing nano-adsorbents has been widely researched and developed to remove dyes from the environment because of its numerous advantages. Graphene oxide-magnetite (GO-Fe3O4) has been extensively explored as an adsorbent due to its large surface area, strong bonding, and ease of separation from water. In this study, GO-Fe3O4 was synthesized by combining GO from coconut shell with Fe3O4 from iron sand as an absorbent to lower the amount of RhB. Various analytical techniques, including XRD, SEM-EDS, TEM, FTIR, and UV-vis, were employed to examine the properties of the composites. The GO-Fe3O4 exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 34.590 mg/g under specific conditions, i.e., 0.5 g adsorbent dosage, pH 4, and a 2 h contact time. The adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model with 0.00016 mg/g min adsorption rate while the adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model where adsorbent surfaces are spread homogeneously by forming a monolayer.

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