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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 25 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 25, No 4 (2025)" : 25 Documents clear
Effect of Sodium Citrate and Urea as Additive on the Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite from Blood Cockle Shells: Kinetics and Adsorption Isotherms Study of Coomassie Brilliant Blue Putri, Dhea Rahmanda; Jamarun, Novesar; Septiani, Upita; Sisca, Vivi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.102465

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from blood cockle shell waste by the sol-gel method, incorporating sodium citrate and urea as additives for Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) adsorption. The synthesis included HAp without additives (HAp 1) and with 30 g/L of urea and varying sodium citrate concentrations of 0 (HAp 2), 0.1 (HAp 3), 0.2 (HAp 4), 0.3 (HAp 5), 0.4 (HAp 6), and 0.5 (HAp 7) g/L. HAp 4 showed the highest adsorption capacity at 96.60 mg/g. FTIR analysis of HAp 4 revealed adsorption bands for O−H and PO43− groups. XRD analysis indicated a crystal size of 24.55 nm with low crystallinity. SEM-EDS analysis showed a Ca/P ratio of 1.28, with an irregular shape due to agglomeration and an average particle size of 1.16 µm. SAA analysis found a surface area of 107.18 m2/g, a pore size of 12.55 nm, and a pore volume of 0.36 cm3/g. HAp 4 followed the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order isotherm models in CBB adsorption and demonstrated five-time reusability, proving it to be an effective adsorbent for CBB dyes.
Identification of Anti-Inflammatory Components from Launaea sarmentosa Using In Vitro Cell Model Nguyen, Thanh Quoc Chau; Vo, Khang Thanh; Duong, Cua Dinh; Huynh, Toan Phu; Ca, Lieu Thi Thuy; Dang, Giao Huynh
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.103167

Abstract

Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Kuntze, a medicinal herb known for treating inflammatory diseases, was examined for its anti-inflammatory compounds to identify novel therapies. This study indicated that hexane and ethyl acetate fractional extracts significantly reduced NO secretion in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, indicating the presence of potential anti-inflammatory compounds. Additionally, four anti-inflammatory compounds, including taraxasteryl acetate (1), esculetin (2), pyrimidine-2,4-dione (3), and 5-hydroxypryrolidin-2-one (4), were isolated, and their structures were characterized using 1D and 2D-NMR. This study marked the first report of taraxasteryl acetate, pyrimidine-2,4-dione, and 5-hydroxypryrolidin-2-one being isolated from this species. Furthermore, these compounds exerted their anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting NO production and TNF-α expression. Thus, this study contributes to identifying anti-inflammatory constituents from L. sarmentosa and highlights a potential approach for developing phytotherapeutic agents.
Taguchi-Assisted of Ligninase Production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium ITB Isolate Biofilm Mutmainah, Siti; Wahab, Roswanira Abdul; Sanjaya, Eli Hendrik; Susanti, Evi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.103401

Abstract

The Phanerochaete chrysosporium ITB isolate can form a biofilm when grown on a support material, in which the attached cells are in a sessile state, which allows the cells to thrive better compared to other conditions. This study uses the Taguchi model to explore the ligninase (LiP, MnP, and laccase) production by P. chrysosporium ITB isolates immobilized on polypropylene (PP). This research was carried out in a laboratory experimental manner, which consisted of stages that included the preparation of spore suspension and optimization of conditions for the production of ligninase using Taguchi. The results showed that lignin peroxidase (LiP) and laccase (420.1 and 78.69 U/mg) enzymes were optimally produced using an inoculum size of 5 × 103 spore/mL, with a growth duration of 6 d at pH 3 and required 0.4 g/mL of PP to yield a 0.36% biofilm weight. The optimal production of MnP (410.23 U/mg) warranted an inoculum size of 5 × 102 spore/mL with incubation of 4 d at pH 5, and immobilization on 0.20 g/mL PP, to give a final biofilm weight of 0.09%. These results indicate a potential LiP and laccase production by the biofilm of P. chrysosporium on the polypropylene as supporting materials.
Tirucallane-Type Triterpenoids from the Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum Stem Bark: Phytochemical Study and Cytotoxicity Evaluation Against Human HeLa Cervical Cancer Cells Maira, Faizah; Naini, Al Arofatus; Mayanti, Tri; Fajriah, Sofa; Kusumiyati, Kusumiyati; Supratman, Unang
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.103523

Abstract

A total of three tirucallane-type triterpenoids were successfully isolated from the n-hexane extract of the stem bark of Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum: 4,4,14-trimethyl-3-oxo-24-nor-5α,13α,14β,17α,20S-chol-7-en-23-oic (1), toonapubesin B (2), and 3β,22S-dihydroxy-tirucalla-7,24-dien-23-one (3). These compounds were isolated from D. gaudichaudianum for the first time. Structural characterization of the isolated compounds was accomplished through a series of spectroscopic analyses, including HR-TOF-MS, IR, and NMR. Based on previous reports, compound 1 was isolated from a member of the Meliaceae family for the first time. The cytotoxic properties of the isolated tirucallane-type triterpenoids were evaluated against cervical HeLa cancer cells. Among them, compounds 1 and 3 were inactive, with IC50 values > 100 µM, while compound 2 exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, with an IC50 value of 29.23 µM, with moderate activity. A structure–activity relationship also indicated the variation in cytotoxicity attributed to substituent effects within the molecular structures. The modification of the side chain in tirucallane-type triterpenoids was shown to be essential for their cytotoxic activity against human cervical cancer lines.
Isotherm and Kinetic Studies of Malachite Green by NaOH-Activated Carbon Made from Apple Waste Balasubramaniam, Narayani; Louise, Isana Supiah Yosephine
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104046

Abstract

Using textile dyes that seem to reach new heights has caused the waste produced to skyrocket. One is malachite green, which earned its popularity due to its vibrancy. However, the impact of malachite green has proven to be an adversary to the environment, aquaculture, and health. This experiment aims to analyze the removal of malachite green through adsorption by using activated carbon made from apple waste. Some activated carbon underwent activation with NaOH 0.5 M. We sieved these activated carbons into a 100 mesh and used the batch method to test them for optimal conditions. The concentration at equilibrium was analyzed using cyclic voltammetry. The results of these experiments are modeled into isotherm and kinetics models to help describe the adsorption. SEM-EDS, FTIR, and SAA also characterized the adsorbent samples. We found the NaOH-activated carbon to be the most efficient adsorbent, with optimum conditions of 0.3 g, 20 min, and 200 ppm. The adsorption data followed the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm and the pseudo second-order kinetics.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anticancer Effectiveness of Some New Metal Ions Complexes with Azo Dye: Synthesis and Characterization Jirjees, Vian Yamin; Al-Hamdan, Abbas Ali
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104167

Abstract

This paper presents a new azo dye 3-[2-(1H-indol-2-yl)ethyldiazenyl]quinolin-2-ol] from the reaction of the diazonium salt derived from tryptamine and 2-hydroxyquinoline. Azo dye was used to prepare a series of complexes with the chlorides of Ni(II), Pt(IV), Pd(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II). Compounds were analyzed and characterized using elemental analysis, magnetic measurement, UV-vis, IR, MS, NMR, and conductivity. The findings demonstrated that the ligand acts as ionic in complex form, O-bidentate, supporting the proposed formula. The complexes generally exhibited tetrahedral and octahedral geometries, except the palladium complex, which adopted a square planar geometry. TGA was used to investigate the thermal characteristics of compounds. The ligand dissociated in a single step, whereas the complexes dissociated through multiple steps, exhibiting greater thermal stability than the ligand. This study explored the antioxidant and anticancer activities of compounds. The results indicate that compounds are more effective in scavenging free radicals, as measured by their IC50 values, and determined the order of inhibitory effect of compounds to be gallic acid > [Ni(L)2(H2O)2] > [Pt(L)2Cl2] > [Pd(L)2] >ligand > [Cd(L)2] > [Zn(L)2]. The ligand showed significant anticancer activity, with a lower IC50 value of 49.86 μg/mL than the complexes, indicating greater efficacy against cancer cells MCF-7.
Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles from Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Extract with Characterization and Antioxidant Activity Susilo, Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat; Apsari, Retna; Hayaza, Suhailah; Cristian, Yeremia Budi; Prasetyo, Vania Griselda; Widianti, Imanda; Palmasih, Anastasia Alin; Jemon, Khairunadwa; Sajidah, Elma Sakinatus
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104189

Abstract

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained attention in the medical field because of their enhanced bioactive properties and bioavailability. The green synthesis of nanoparticles offers an eco-friendly synthesis method. In this study, Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) extract was used for the green synthesis of SeNPs. The synthesized SeNPs were characterized using UV-visible (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and particle size analyzer (PSA). UV-vis analysis showed a peak at a wavelength of 288 nm, and the SeNPs demonstrated stability at low temperatures for up to 30 days. FTIR analysis indicated interactions between the pectin functional groups on okra and the surface of SeNPs. The SeNPs had a 6.48 nm diameter and polydispersity index of 0.13. A spherical morphology was observed in the nanoparticles. The antioxidant activity of SeNPs was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods. The results showed a dose-dependent increase in free radical inhibition with 31.44 and 15.37% by DPPH and ABTS tests, respectively. The green synthesis of SeNPs using okra extract produced nanoparticles with unique properties based on several characterization results. In conclusion, SeNPs exhibited promising antioxidant activity, highlighting their potential for biomedical applications.
Morphological and Crystallinity Studies of Nanofiber Cellulose Based on Sargassum sp. Using Multistep Preparation Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Irianto, Hari Eko; Chalid, Mochamad; Riastuti, Rini
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104211

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the crystallinity and morphological characteristics of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) isolated from Sargassum seaweed through a multistep preparation. The isolation was conducted in stages, including alkalinization, bleaching, and mechanical reduction in fiber size. In addition to observing the outcomes at each isolation stage, three mechanical processes were implemented to generate CNF. The observed parameters included fiber morphology analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fiber crystallinity tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that Sargassum mostly exhibits a type Iα structure of cellulose. The multistep treatment, combined with mechanical processing, resulted in finer fibers and an improved crystallinity index, reaching a maximum value of 70.39%. These findings suggest that cellulose nanofibers from Sargassum have the potential to be used in sustainable biomedical materials.
Cold Plasma-Induced Surface Modification of Microfibrillated Cellulose Using Lauric Acid to Enhance Compatibility in Polymer Composites Rifathin, Annisa; Wijaya, Ade Mundari; Roziafanto, Achmad Nandang; Laksmono, Joddy Arya; Nugraha, Adam Febriyanto; Chalid, Mochamad
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104738

Abstract

Green materials, such as microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), are increasingly used as fillers in polymer composites for academic and industrial applications. However, their inherent hydrophilic property limits compatibility with polymer matrix. This study employs an environmentally friendly cold plasma technique to modify the surface of MFC, improving its compatibility with the polymer. Plasma treatment was performed at a voltage of 60 V for 30 min by making three molar ratios (3:1, 4:1, and 5:1) between lauric acid as a hydrophobic precursor and anhydroglucose (AGU). The results indicate several changes in the modified MFC properties, as evidenced by the appearance of a new peak at a wavenumber of 1742 cm−1 (ester’s C=O) in FTIR spectra, indicating successful plasma-induced grafting. XPS results also confirm the formation of O–C=O bond at a binding energy of 289.3 eV. The optimum conditions were obtained at a molar ratio of 4:1 (lauric acid:AGU). There was a decrease in the hydrophilic property of MFC, indicated by an increase in the water contact angle from 50.16° to 71.26°. Moreover, the surface tension difference between MFC and polypropylene was significantly reduced from 136.99 to 47.51%, suggesting improved compatibility.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Conjugated Polymers Based on Furan Ring from D-fructose and Their Photoluminescence and Thermal Properties Hanoon, Wael Sadiq; Hanoosh, Widad Salih; Zaidan, Raed Kadim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104800

Abstract

Conjugated polymers are one of the most essential branches of polymer science. Most conjugated polymers have a small band gap energy between the ground state and excited state, making them fluorescent materials useful for use as light emitting diodes (LED), sensors, digital screens, and others. We synthesized dialdehyde compound (F1) with good yield and high quality from a natural source (D-fructose) and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), electron impact (EI) mass spectra, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). We synthesized two salts of disubstituted benzene triphenylphosphonium chloride (W1, W2) and characterized them by 1H-NMR and FTIR. We synthesized two polymers by Wittig polycondensation from the reaction of F1 with salts (W1, W2) and characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Their photoluminescence properties were studied which giving light emission with λPL max at 502 and 472 nm for A1 and A2, respectively. We synthesized three polymers (P1, P2, P3) from reacting F1 with ketone by aldol condensation using KOH to give insoluble polymers and characterized them by FTIR spectroscopy. All polymers were evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), showing thermal stability with decomposition temperature beginning from 192 °C.

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