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Marine Research in Indonesia

MRI
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 02162873 EISSN : 24432008 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences

MARINE RESEARCH IN INDONESIA (MRI) has been published since 1956 by Indonesia's oldest marine research institute, the Research Center for Oceanography of LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Sciences). MRI focuses on physical, chemical, biological, geological oceanographic as well as coastal management studies in the Indonesian seas and the adjacent Indo-Pacific region.

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Articles 34 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 17 (1977)" : 34 Documents clear

ON THE CULTIVATION OF CAULERPA RACEMOSA VAR. OCCIDENTALIS IN THE PHILIPPINES AND SOME ASPECTS OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY Colina, A.; Horstman, U.; Schramm, W.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Caulerpa racemosa, a benthic siphonaceous algae has its natural habitat in the sublittoral zone of tropical areas. In the Philippines, since a few years, it is cultivated on commercial scale in flooded ponds in the intertidal mangrove zone. Unlike in their natural habitats, Caulerpa in these ponds is subjected to sometimes considerable changes in salinity (rain, evaporation, tem-perature and light (Insolation), and in pH). The response of Caulerpa to these factors and the comparison of the ecological conditions, both in the natural habitats and the cultured ponds have been investigated. The experiments showed that the observed changes of the studied parameters normally range within the physiological limits of Caulerpa. Under extreme conditions, however, detri-mental effects can occur. Ways of controlling such factors are discussed.

CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF SHALLOW WATER OCTOCORALS. OCCURRENCE OF CEMBRANOLIDES IN PSEUDOPLEXAURA AND EUNICEA Ciereszko, Leon S.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Gorgonians of the genus Pseudoplexaura, from a variety of geographical locations, yield crassin acetate as the major cembranolide. The cembranolides found in Eunicea collected at different locations vary. Eunicin is found in Eunicea mammosa from Bimini, and from a number of other locations. Its position isomer Jeunicin, has been found in the Eunicea from Jamaica. Eunicea from Curacao yields an epimer ot eunicin, Cueunicin, while that from Puerto Rico yields Eupalmerin acetate, and Peunicin occurs in Eunicea collected off Panama. The cembranolides are toxic to various aquatic organisms. They inhibit ciliary action in the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis, and in the larvae of the nudibranch Phestilla sibogae.

THE EFFECTS OF SOME PESTICIDES ON REEF CORALS Lamberts, Austin E.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

While investigating a reef coral kill in Samoa it was speculated that this might have been due to contaminationÂ by some chemical. Subsequently, scleractinian reef corals were tested to assess their reactions to 12 commonly used pesticides and toxic substances. The chlorinated-hydrocarbons such as DDT and Endrin produced stress effects in corals subjected to 2ppm for 24 hours in in-vitro studies although the corals continued to deposit skeletal calcium. In-vivo tank experiments suggested that small amounts of these substances in seawater stimulated the corals to deposit skeletal calcium. Other pesticides were much less toxic to the corals.

THE PROBLEMS OF CONSERVATION OF CORAL REEFS IN NORTHWEST SABAH Langham, Nigel P.E.; Mathias, Jack A.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

In March 1974 a survey was made of the coral reefs of NW Sabah centered on three main areas (1) Kota Kinabalu, (2) Kudat and (3) Labuan. At various sites within these areas, the coral reefs were assessed according to the extent of living coral, the damage resulting from fish blasting, mining and sedimentation, and the accessibility for tourism.The coral reefs in this region support a significant fishery accounting for about 30 percent of the fish landings both in weight and monetary value. Reef fish are caught by lines, gill nets, and illegal use of explosives. The latter method has seriously damaged a number of reef habitats resulting in a marked drop in the fauna including valuable fish and invertebrates.Coral mining for limestone used for foundations of buildings and roads has been carried out on accessible reefs near Labuan and Kota Kinabalu. The removal of coral heads has resulted in extensive reef damage especially near Labuan.Recent efforts have been made to preserve these reefs and has led to the establishment of a national park around Pulau.Gaya. However, a number of other areas require protection both to safeguard the fishery and promote tourism.

SOME ASPECTS OF THE CULTURE OF EUCHEMA Horstman, U.; Colina, A.; Schramm, W.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Eucheuma striatum and Eucheuma spinosum, are red algae of commercial value because of their carrageenin content, to an increasing extent are cultivated in the Philippines. The influence of environmental factors on growth rate and photosynthesis of these seaweeds were studied through observations in their natural biotope in seaweed farms, from in-situ experiments, and photosynthesis experiments in an incubator. While difference in light intensity and temperature play only a minor role, the algae were found out to be sensitive to low salinity and to the amount of dissolved gases and nutrients in the surrounding seawater. The algae can only be cultured in areas where there is sufficient current but to a cer-tain extent lack of current can be compensated by exposing the plants to wave action. This leads to certain conclusions regarding the most suitable method of commercial Eucheuma culture. Eucheuma can be successfully cultured in small rafts or in floating baskets in areas where there is insufficient current for the use of fixed nets or strings. There is evidence that-the CO2 -02 metabolism in the surrounding water plays an important role in Eucheuma growth. Eucheuma harvest can be further increased by introducing more nutrients. Fertilizing with phosphate caused a bigger increase in growth rate than with nitrogen. The method of spraying plants after temporarily removing them from the water, found to be more effective than fertilizing solutions by the use of clay pots. The presence of a bacterial disease, locally referred to as "ice-ice", was recognized as a clear indication that certain environment conditions were unfavourable for Eucheuma culture. Low salinity, in the first place, but also lack of current favors the attack of "ice-ice". Finally, it was found that Eucheuma adapts itself to its culture site in such a way that after maintaining seedlings in an area for a sufficient length of time, the cultured plants showed better growth rates and were resistent to unfavorable conditions than plants recently transferred to the area.

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION ON LIVING HABITS OF ACANTHASTER PLANCI (LINNAEUS) AT PULAU TIKUS, SERIBU ISLANDS Azis, Aznam; Sukarno, -
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

During the period of June 1975 to August 1975, observations on living habit and some ecological aspects of Acanthaster planci were made at Pulau Tikus, Seribu Islands. The observations, limited to 8 metres deep, were made at the outer reef located south of Pulau Tikus, covering an area of about 4000 square metres. The density of living stony corals and the damaged caused by the feeding activities of A. planci were also studied. The results show that the average numbers of A. planci per month is 20 individuals per 4000 m2. The sizes of the starfish vary between 26-41 cm in diameter and the number of arms between 10 - 18. The moving distance of the starfish is 0.3 - 8 metres in 24 hours. The stony corals affected are Acropora squamosa (BROOK), A. spathulata (BROOK), A. Latistella (BROOK), A. quelchi (BROOK), Fungia sp.. Montipora ramosa BERNARD, Porites sp., DipIoria sp., and Goniatrea sp.

EFFECTS OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE ON THE MORTALITY AND METABOLISM OF PACIFIC REEF CORALS Coles, Stephen L.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

The upper thermal tolerance limits of subtropical (Hawaiian) and tropical (Enewetak) reef corals were determined both in the field and under laboratory conditions. Enewetak corals routinely withstand temperatures up to 34Â°C whereas similar exposure time at 32Â°C kill their Hawaiian congeners. These differing upper thermal limits correspond to increases of + 4 - 5Â°C above the annual water temperature maxima at each location. Reef coral temperature tolerance is therefore closely adapted to the ambient ocean temperature conditions of a geographic location.Studies of temperature effect on reef coral photosynthesis (P) and respiration (R) also showed different patterns between locations. Same species shower greater autotrophic capability at elevated temperatures in Enewetak than Hawaii. Critical temperatures estimated as coinciding with P:R ratio values minimal to support long term functional autotrophy were 2-5Â°C higher for Enewetak than Hawaiian specimens, closely corresponding to observed differences in upper thermal tolerance. Results support a hypothesis of temperature adaptation capability for reef corals and suggest that short term physiological tests can predict relative differences in temperature tolerance among coral species.

CORAL RESEARCH IN THE INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO, THE PAST, THE PRESENT, AND THE FUTURE Wijsman-Best, Maya
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

In the past, several big expeditions crossed the Indonesian waters. Coral reefs and their amazing structures and inhabitants were always amongst their special interest. Geomorphological reef theories concerning the Sunda shelf in the Pleistocene period and the barrier reefs in the archipelago have been formulated during the first forty years of the present century. Two major areas of research are discussed i.e. the Bay of Jakarta with emphasis on structure and history of one of two coral islands, Nyamuk and Sakit, and the Togian area in Celebes. The rich tertiary coral reefs, east of the Pleistocene Sunda shelf around Celebes, are treated at the hand of the studies of the geologist, J.H.F. UMBGROVE. This author came across several coral reef problems which are still of present day interest e.g. the diversity and variability of the coral species as a result of the complex ecosystem. Two examples are mentioned to give a general idea of the questions arising in different coral species. Nowadays these problems are normally approached from the geological, physiological, ecological or taxonomic point of view. Even so, in the future many field descriptions will have to be carried out along with zoogeographical work in the main centres of taxonomy, before the species of major influence on the structure of the coral reefs can even merely'be listed.

NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF RED ALGAE (RHODOPHYTA) ON THE CORAL REEF OF PARI ISLANDS, SERIBU ISLANDS Atmadja, Wanda Surjana
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Many species of red algae are economically important for their carrageenan contents. Since May 1974 to June 1975 an intensive survey on their distributions have been carried out on the fringing reef of Pari Islands, Seribu Islands. Thirty five species of Rhodophyta have been identified and their species composition and relative importance as compared to Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta have been studied. Environmental factors, such as bottom type and seasonal influence on their distribution, emphasized in the discussion. Further studies on inventory and the distribution of these algae will be continued particularly in support of the culture experiments for some of the species.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ECOLOGY OF THE CORAL REEF OF POMBO ISLAND Sumadhiharga, Ono Kurnaen
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

A preliminary study on the ecology of the coral reef of Pombo Island was carried out in 1975. Pombo Island has a characteristic of an atoll and is considered a good habitat for coral and fish, including live-bait fish of commercial importance, Spratelloides delicatulus. Non-planktonic organisms collected consist of 39 species of corals, 56 species of molluscs, 17 species of echinoderms, 130 species of fishes and a number of crustacean species.Some ecological factors such as bottom condition, turbidity, temperatures, light intensity, and freshwater dilution are described. Population and distribution of corals and coral fishes are discussed.

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Contact Name
Aan J. Wahyudi

Contact Email
aanj001@lipi.go.id

Phone
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Journal Mail Official
mri@mail.lipi.go.id

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota adm. jakarta selatan,

Dki jakarta

INDONESIA