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Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry
Published by Universitas Nusa Bangsa
ISSN : 20863446     EISSN : 2621508X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.31938/jsn
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Jurnal Sains Natural is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication with the objectives to explore the knowledge about natural sciences. This journal incorporates not only all branches of chemistry and biology, but also sub-disciplines like Biochemistry, Polymer, Agricultural chemistry, Environmental chemistry, etc.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022): Sains Natural" : 6 Documents clear
pH Indicator Paper by Immobilizing Turmeric Rhizome Ethanol Extract on Filter Paper Maria Aloisia Uron Leba; Maria Benedikta Tukan; Faderina Komisia
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (535.392 KB) | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v12i2.377

Abstract

Research has been carried out on the manufacture of pH indicator paper by immobilizing turmeric rhizome ethanol extract on filter paper. Turmeric extract was extracted from turmeric rhizome samples with 95% medical-grade ethanol and 96% analytical grade ethanol. The ethanol extract obtained was immobilized by adsorption on filter paper. This research aimed to examine the phytochemicals of turmeric ethanol extract, the effectiveness of turmeric ethanol extract on pH solution of 1 -14, the effectiveness of turmeric paper on pH solution of 1-14, colour stability and effectiveness of turmeric paper based on storage time. Based on the research results obtained, EEK-95% and EEK-96% contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenoids, EEK-95% and EEK-96% are yellow at pH 1-7, yellow-orange at pH 7.5-7.7, pale brick red at pH 7.8-8 and brick red at pH 9-14, KIK-95% and KIK-96% are yellow at pH 1-7.5, brick red at pH 7.6-9 and dark brick red at pH 10-14, KIK-95% and KIK-96% are stable for more than 5 months and still give a good response.Keywords: curcumin; turmeric; pH indicator; indicator paper; natural indicatorABSTRAKKertas Indikator pH dengan Mengimmobilisasikan Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Kunyit pada Kertas SaringTelah dilakukan penelitian pembuatan kertas indikator pH dengan mengimmobilisasikan ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit pada kertas saring. Ekstrak kunyit diekstraksi dari sampel rimpang kunyit dengan pelarut etanol 95 % grade medis dan etanol 96% grade analisis. Ekstrak etanol yang diperoleh diimobilisasikan secara adsorbsi pada kertas saring. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengkaji kandungan  fitokimia ekstrak etanol kunyit, efektivitas ekstrak etanol kunyit pada larutan pH 1 -14, efektivitas kertas kunyit pada larutan pH 1-14, stabilitas warna dan efektivitas kertas kunyit berdasarkan waktu penyimpanan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh EEK-95% dan EEK-96% mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin dan triterpenoid, EEK-95% dan EEK-96% berwarna kuning pada pH 1-7, kuning oranye pada pH 7,5-7,7, merah bata pudar pada pH 7,8-8 dan merah bata pada pH 9-14,  KIK-95% dan KIK-96% berwarna kuning pada pH 1-7,5, merah bata pada pH 7,6-9 dan merah bata pekat pada pH 10-14, KIK-95% dan KIK-96% stabil hingga lebih dari 5 bulan dan masih memberikan respon yang baik.Kata kunci: kurkumin; kunyit; indikator pH; kertas indikator; indikator alami
Galangal Rhizome (Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd) Essential Oil as a Natural Preservative of Chicken Fillets Rr Pramitha Ika Putri Ayuningtyas; Nia Yuliani; Srikandi Srikandi
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1343.474 KB) | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v12i2.342

Abstract

Cold storage and the addition of preservatives are ways of preserving fillet products to maintain their quality. The addition of preservatives to fillet products can be in the form of synthetic or natural ingredients. Galangal rhizome contains essential oils that are active as antifungal and antibacterial. This study aimed to know the concentration of essential oils and effective storage time in maintaining the quality of the broiler chicken fillet. The method used is a laboratory experiment, using the concentration of red galangal essential oil (0; 0.5; 1; 1.5%), storage time (0, 8, 12, 16 days), repeated three times and treatment negative control. Microbiological analysis was carried out based on SNI 3924:2009, including Eschercia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp tests. The results showed that 1.5% volatile oil concentration with a storage time of 8 days was the most effective in maintaining the quality of chicken fillet with a total plate count (TPC) of 9x105 cfu/g. The number of Escherichia coli bacteria is 0x101kol/g, Salmonella sp bacteria is negative per 25 grams, the water content is 72.03%, and the pH value is 6.31. The concentration of 1.5% essential oil with a storage time of 16 days obtained the number of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria as much as 100 cfu/g. This result does not exceed the maximum limit of SNI 3924:2009, which is 1x102 cfu/g.The highest organoleptic value of appearance and taste was found in adding 1% galangal essential oil and a storage time of 0 days. For the odour, the highest value was found in adding 0.5% galangal essential oil and a storage time of 12 days.Keywords: Chicken Fillet, Essential Oil, E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. ABSTRAKMinyak Atsiri Lengkuas (Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd) sebagai Pengawet Alami Daging AyamPenyimpanan suhu dingin dan penambahan pengawet merupakan salah satu cara pengawetan produk fillet untuk mempertahankan mutunya. Penambahan bahan pengawet pada produk fillet dapat berupa bahan sintetis atau bahan alami. Rimpang lengkuas diketahui memiliki kandungan minyak atsiri lengkuas yang bersifat aktif sebagai antijamur dan antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi minyak atsiri lengkuas dan waktu penyimpanan yang efektif dalam mempertahankan fillet daging ayam ras. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen laboratorium, dengan menggunakan  konsentrasi minyak atsiri lengkuas (0; 0,5; 1; 1,5%), lama penyimpanan (0, 8,  12, 16 hari), diulang 3 kali dan perlakuan kontrol negatif. Analisis mikrobiologi dilakukan berdasarkan SNI 3924:2009, meliputi uji Eschercia coli, Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonela sp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi minyak atsiri lengkuas 1,5% dengan waktu penyimpanan 8 hari merupakan yang paling efektif dalam mempertahankan kualitas fillet ayam dengan nilai total plate count (TPC) sebesar 9x105 cfu/g. Jumlah bakteri Escherichia coli yaitu 0x101kol/g, bakteri Salmonella sp yaitu negatif per 25 gram, kadar air yaitu 72,03%, serta nilai pH sebesar 6,31. Konsentrasi minyak atsiri lengkuas 1,5% dengan waktu penyimpanan 16 hari didapatkan jumlah bakteri Staphylococcus aureus sebanyak 100 cfu/g, hasil ini tidak melebihi batas maksimum SNI 3924:2009 yaitu 1x102 cfu/g. Nilai organoleptik kenampakan dan rasa paling tinggi terdapat pada penambahan minyak atsiri lengkuas 1% dan waktu penyimpanan 0 hari, sedangkan untuk aroma nilai paling tinggi terdapat pada penambahan minyak atsiri lengkuas 0,5% dan waktu penyimpanan 12 hari.Kata Kunci: filet ayam, minyak atsiri lengkuas, waktu penyimpanan, E.coli, S. aureus
Antibacterial Activity of Ag-Hidroxyapatite Composite of Bone-in Tuna (Thunnus albacores) Against Streptococcus mutans Hendri Faisal; Rida Evalina Tarigan; Julkardo Lase
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (517.272 KB) | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v12i2.378

Abstract

Calcium from fish bones have not been widely used for human needs. Calcium in the medical field is used as a hydroxyapatite compound, such as in the manufacture of bones and dentures, as an additive in the manufacture of toothpaste, and usage in drug delivery. This study aims to determine whether the Ag-Hydroxyapatite composite has an inhibitory capability against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. This research is an experimental study through laboratory testing by synthesizing Ag-Hydroxyapatite from tuna fish bones (Thunnus albacores) and testing its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The results showed that the tuna fish bone samples formed hydroxyapatite compounds and the results of the Ag-Hydroxyapatite composite had antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans bacteria, the statistical test results showed a significant difference from the negative control group. Ag-hydroxyapatite composite has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutansKeywords: Tuna (Thunnus albacores); Hydroxyapatite; Argentum; Antibacterial; Streptococcus mutans ABSTRAKUji Aktivitas Antibakteri Komposit Ag-Hidroksidaapatit dari Tulang Ikan Tuna (Thunnus albacores) terhadap Streptococcus mutansKalsium dari tulang ikan, belum banyak dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan manusia. Kalsium dalam dunia medis dimanfaatkan menjadi senyawa Hidroksiapatit. seperti pada pembuatan tulang dan gigi palsu, sebagai bahan tambahan dalam pembuatan pasta gigi dan juga digunakan sebagai penghantar obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah komposit Ag-Hidroksiapatit memiliki daya hambat terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat eksperimental melalui pengujian laboratorium dengan mensintesis Ag-Hidroksiapatit dari tulang ikan tuna (Thunnus albacores) dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari sampel tulang ikan tuna terbentuk senyawa Hidroksiapatit dan hasil komposit Ag-Hidroksiapatit memiliki aktifitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans, hasil uji statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan terhadap kelompok kontrol negatif.  Komposit Ag-hidrokiapatit memiliki aktifitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutansKeywords: Tuna (Thunnus albacores); Hydroxyapatite; Argentum; Antibacterial; Streptococcus mutans
Utilization of Hibiscus Leaves Extract as an Environmentally Friendly Detergent Active Ingredients Muhamad Aditya Hidayah; Gerda Pintoko Tunjungsari; Alfandi Ahmad; Retno Aliyatul Fikroh
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1301.064 KB) | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v12i2.381

Abstract

Detergent is an ingredient used to maintain cleanliness. In the manufacture of detergents, an active ingredient in the form of LAS (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate) surfactant is often added to kill bacteria. In addition to using synthetic materials, natural ingredients can also be used that can act as antibacterial. One of the natural ingredients with antibacterial activity is hibiscus leaves (Hibiscus tilianceus L). The use of hibiscus leaf extract as a substitute for LAS surfactants aims to reduce the impact of environmental pollution The purpose of this research was to find the right formula in the manufacture of liquid detergent made from hibiscus leaf extract and determine its quality based on SNI 06-0475-1996. The research method used is experimental research that produces qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data include phytochemical tests, organoleptic tests, hard water emulsion stability tests, and cleaning power tests. The resulting quantitative data includes the characteristics of the liquid detergent produced based on testing pH, specific gravity, antimicrobial test, phenol coefficient, and levels of active substances. Based on the study, results showed that hibiscus leaf extract contained secondary metabolites in the form of saponins, triterpenoid/steroidal saponins, flavonoids, and polyphenols. The antibacterial test showed that hibiscus leaf liquid detergent had antibacterial activity 1.67 times more effective than phenol. The product test results show that the liquid detergent of hibiscus leaves has the quality according to SNI 06-0475-1996.Keywords: Hibiscus Leaf Extract; Eco-Friendly Detergent; Hibiscus leaves; Surfactant; LAS (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate)  
Secondary Metabolites and Potential Antioxidants of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) Mace from West Java Rahmatul Kartini Erza; Karmanah Karmanah; Nurlela Nurlela
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (563.315 KB) | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v12i2.380

Abstract

Nutmeg mace is a mesh-shaped seed coat that is bright red when the fruit is ripe and yellowish-white when immature, which generally contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and phenolics. This study aimed to examine the content of flavonoids and phenolics, the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of the nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) mace based on three regions in West Java i.e. Sukabumi, Cianjur, and Bogor District with age differences. Total phenolic content was measured spectrophotometrically using the Folin Ciocalteau reagent. The total flavonoid content was quantitatively measured using the AlCl3 colorimetric method. Antioxidant activity was tested by measuring the IC50 using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. The highest phenolic content was found in young nutmeg from Sukabumi Regency (76.40 mgTAE/g). The highest flavonoid content was found in old age mace nutmeg from Bogor Regency (20.33 mgQE/g). Nutmeg mace has the potential as a natural antioxidant because it can reduce free radicals in DPPH with the lowest IC50 of 153.5 mg/L in old mace from Cianjur District.Keywords: Myristica fragrans Houtt; Mace; Phenolic; Flavonoid; Antioxidant ActivityABSTRAKKandungan Metabolit Sekunder Dan Potensi Antioksidan Fuli Buah Pala (Myristica Fragrans Houtt) Dari Jawa BaratFuli pala adalah selubung biji berbentuk jala berwarna merah terang ketika buah sudah matang dan berwarna putih kekuningan ketika belum matang, yang  umumnya mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder diantaranya flavonoid dan fenolik. Tujuan penelitian ini  untuk menguji kandungan senyawa flavonoid, fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol fuli pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) berdasarkan tiga wilayah yaitu Kabupaten Sukabumi, Kabupaten Cianjur dan Kabupaten Bogor dengan perbedaan usia. Kadar total fenolik diukur spektrofotometri menggunakan reagen Folin Ciocalteau, Kadar total flavonoid secara kuantitatif dengan metode kolorimetri AlCl3. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan mengukur nilai IC50 dengan metode 2,2- difenil-1-pikril hidrazil (DPPH). Kadar fenolik tertinggi didapatkan pada pala usia muda dari Kabupaten Sukabumi dengan kadar sebesar 76,40 mgTAE/g. Kadar flavonoid tertinggi didapat pada fuli pala usia tua di Kabupaten Bogor dengan kadar sebesar 20,33 mgQE/g. Fuli buah pala berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami karena mampu meredam radikal bebas pada DPPH dengan IC50 terendah sebesar 153,5 mg/L yang diperoleh dari fuli usia tua dari Kabupaten Cianjur.Kata kunci: Myristica fragrans Houtt; Fuli; Fenolik; Flavonoid; Aktivitas Antioksidan
Utilization of Iron Scrap for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment by Fenton and Foto-Fenton Processes Diana Novita Sari; Dea Amelia; Muhammad David Ramadhon; Yuant Tiandho
JURNAL SAINS NATURAL Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (542.424 KB) | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v12i2.341

Abstract

The increase in the amount of palm oil production impacts increasing the total liquid waste from the processing of palm oil. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) has high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) parameters that can cause environmental pollution. This study processed POME using the Fenton mechanism using reagents derived from scrap iron. The Fenton mechanism is one of the advanced oxidation process technology (AOPs) in wastewater treatment. To improve the performance of the Fenton mechanism, the researchers integrated it with UV-rays in the photo-Fenton mechanism scheme. Fenton and photo-Fenton processes effectively reduce the pH, BOD, and COD of POME. The COD removal efficiency was 99.91%, while the BOD removal efficiency was 99.93%. The more FeSO4 added to the wastewater, the more significant the reduction of BOD and COD in the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. Also, photo-Fenton is more effective than the Fenton process to reduce BOD and COD in the POME.Keywords: POME; Fenton; Photo-Fenton; Scrap ironABSTRAKPemanfaatan Besi Bekas untuk Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Kelapa Sawit Melalui Proses Fenton dan Foto-FentonMeningkatnya jumlah produksi kelapa sawit, berdampak pada peningkatan total limbah cair dari hasil pengolahan kelapa sawit. Limbah cair industri kelapa sawit atau Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) memiliki nilai parameter chemical oxygen demand (COD) dan biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) yang tinggi sehingga dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Di dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan pengolahan POME menggunakan mekanisme Fenton menggunakan reagen yang berasal dari besi bekas. Mekanisme Fenton adalah salah satu pengembangan dari teknologi proses oksidasi maju (AOPs) dalam pengolahan air limbah.  Untuk meningkatkan performa dari mekanisme Fenton, peneliti mengintegrasikan system tersebut dengan sinar-UV dalam skema mekanisme foto-Fenton. Proses Fenton dan foto-Fenton sangat efektif dalam menurunkan pH, BOD dan COD dari POME. Efisiensi penyisihan COD mencapai 99,91%, sedangkan efisiensi penyisihan BOD mencapai 99,93%. Semakin banyak FeSO4 yang ditambahkan ke dalam air limbah maka semakin besar reduksi BOD dan COD dalam proses Fenton dan foto-Fenton. Selain itu, foto-Fenton lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan proses Fenton dalam mereduksi BOD dan COD dalam POMEKata kunci : POME; Fenton; foto-Fenton; besi bekas

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