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Reaktor
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08520798     EISSN : 24075973     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "volume 26 no.2 august 2026" : 6 Documents clear
Techno-Economic Analysis of Biodiesel Production from Microalgae Rendra Panca Anugraha; Adelia Melita Sari; Habib Nurrohim; Renanto Renanto; Juwari Juwari; Donny Satria Bhuana
Reaktor Volume 26 No.2 August 2026
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.83117

Abstract

The increasing global energy demand and the urgent necessity to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions have driven the exploration of renewable energy alternatives to fossil-based fuels, such as biofuels derived from sustainable biological sources. Among various potential feedstocks, microalgae have gained considerable attention due to their high lipid productivity, rapid growth rate, and ability to utilize CO₂ efficiency through photosynthesis. This study presents the design and techno-economic evaluation of a biodiesel production plant utilizing Chlorella vulgaris microalgae as the primary feedstock. The cultivation process employs a Flat Plate Photobioreactor (FPPBR) system to enhance biomass productivity under controlled light and nutrient conditions. The production process adopts the Lurgi technology, beginning with the extraction of microalgae oil using n-hexane solvent, which is subsequently converted into biodiesel through esterification and transesterification reactions catalyzed by H₂SO₄ and NaOH, respectively. The designed plant capacity is 100,000 kL of biodiesel per year. Bontang, East Kalimantan, is selected as the plant site considering key factors such as raw material availability, access to utilities, land suitability, and transportation infrastructure. The plant consists of two main stages: microalgae oil production and biodiesel synthesis, with a total construction period of two years and an operational lifespan of 15 years. Economic feasibility analysis indicates an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 12.91%, a Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 2,296,063,930,982, and a payback period of 13 years, confirming the financial viability of the project. These results demonstrate that biodiesel production from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae is both technically feasible and economically sustainable, providing a practical and scalable pathway to support Indonesia’s transition toward renewable and low-carbon energy systems.
Micro-scale Biodrying of Municipal Waste for Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Production Berlian Sitorus; Seno Darmawan Panjaitan; Yopa Eka Prawatya; Wivina Diah Ivontianti; Muhammad Ivanto; Septami Setiawati; Riysan Octy Shailindry; Maria Yeni Wahyuningsih; Benedikta Arni
Reaktor Volume 26 No.2 August 2026
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.83716

Abstract

The quantity and types of municipal solid waste (MSW) continue to increase worldwide, driven by rapid urbanization and population growth. This study explores the biodrying process as a sustainable approach to convert MSW into refuse-derived fuel (RDF), offering an alternative renewable energy source. Biodrying, a biological phase within the mechanical–biological treatment (MBT) system, removes moisture through microbial activity supported by controlled aeration. The experiment evaluated different aeration rates (0, 6, and 8 L/min) and residence times (7, 14, and 21 days) to assess their impact on the quality of RDF. Higher aeration enhanced drying performance and increased the calorific value up to 4260 kcal/kg, while longer residence time improved moisture reduction and heating efficiency. However, the non-aerated condition (0 L/min) demonstrated greater process stability and energy efficiency, achieving 4044 kcal/kg with lower operational demand. Thus, while forced aeration improved RDF quality, the passive (non-aerated) setup represented the most energy-efficient operating condition. The optimal configuration non-aerated condition (0 L/min) and 7-day residence time, produced RDF with 8.2% moisture, 1.0% ash, 76.5% volatile matter, and 14.3% fixed carbon. The resulting RDF complied with SNI 8966:2021 Class II solid fuel standard, equivalent to low-grade brown coal (<7000 cal/g). These findings indicate that passive biodrying without forced aeration can effectively enhance RDF quality with minimal energy input. The process demonstrates a simple, low-cost, and energy-efficient strategy for transforming mixed municipal waste into renewable solid fuel, supporting the circular economy and sustainable energy goals.
Hydraulic-Based Evaluation of Fire Water System Adequacy for Dike-on-Fire Scenario at Gasoline Storage Tank Maulida Maghfiroh Izzani Hakim; Marko Ferdian Salim; Annisa Maulida Ningtyas
Reaktor Volume 26 No.2 August 2026
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.85087

Abstract

Dike-on-fire incidents in hydrocarbon storage tank facilities have significant escalation potential due to prolonged thermal radiation exposure and adjacent tank involvement. This study evaluated the adequacy of the existing fire water system under a gasoline storage tank dike-on-fire scenario at PT X Refinery using PHAST consequence analysis, firefighting demand calculation, and PIPENET hydraulic simulation. Fire consequence analysis was conducted to evaluate thermal radiation exposure, while firefighting demand and hydraulic analyses were performed based on NFPA and API standards. The simulation results showed that the 12.5 kW/m² thermal radiation contour extended up to approximately 83 m from the fire source, indicating significant fire escalation potential within the tank farm area. The required fire water demand reached 11,665.68 gpm, whereas the existing fire water distribution network was capable of supplying 13,017.50 gpm during simultaneous cooling and firefighting operations. However, the operational foam application capacity of the installed High-Capacity Foam Monitor (HCFM) system resulted in an extended minimum firefighting discharge duration of 83.12 min. Overall, the existing fire water distribution network was hydraulically adequate for the analyzed dike-on-fire scenario, although the operational firefighting capability remained constrained by the installed HCFM system.
Performance and Kinetics Evaluation of Pyrite-Activated Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Oxidation for COD Removal from Real Small-Scale Textile Effluent Wenny Irawaty; Sandy Budi Hartono; Christian Julius Wijaya; Chintya Gunarto; Nathania Puspitasari; Jindrayani Nyoo Putro; Geraldy Natanael Pardosi; Umi Hamidah
Reaktor Volume 26 No.2 August 2026
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.82807

Abstract

This study evaluated the performance of pyrite-activated heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation for the treatment of real effluent generated from a local batik/textile industry. The influence of key operational parameters, including initial pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and pyrite dosage, was systematically investigated to determine the optimal conditions for COD removal. The results showed that acidic conditions significantly enhanced oxidation performance, with maximum COD removal achieved at pH 3. The optimal operating parameters were identified as 10 g L⁻¹ H₂O₂, 1 g L⁻¹ pyrite dosage, and a reaction time of 6 h at room temperature, resulting in approximately 90% COD removal. Kinetic evaluation indicated that the degradation process followed a pseudo-first-order model, as evidenced by a high correlation coefficient (R²), with an apparent rate constant of 0.362 min⁻¹. The findings suggest that hydrogen peroxide was present in excess, allowing the reaction rate to be primarily governed by COD concentration. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential applicability of natural pyrite as an effective and low-cost catalyst for treating real textile effluent. Further investigation into catalyst stability and reusability is recommended to enhance the economic feasibility of the process.
Garlic Peel Waste as an Eco-Friendly Biosorbent for Used Cooking Oil Regeneration: Adsorption Efficiency and Mechanistic Evaluation Iqbal Kamar; Sujaka Retno; Wiza Ulfa Fibarzi; Faisal Faisal; Putri Savira; Sri Mei Rifkaliani Ritonga
Reaktor Volume 26 No.2 August 2026
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.84348

Abstract

This study explores the valorization of garlic peel waste as a sustainable biosorbent for the purification of used cooking oil through removal of free fatty acids (FFA) and other oxidation-related undesirable byproducts. Garlic peel adsorbent was prepared in both unactivated and chemically activated forms using hydrochloric acid (HCl) to enhance its adsorption performance. The effects of adsorbent mass and contact time on the adsorption process was systematically evaluated, while adsorption behavior and mechanisms were analyzed using isotherm, kinetic, and surface morphology approaches. The activated garlic peel exhibited superior adsorption performance, achieving a 76.74% reduction in FFA content under optimum conditions, using 24 g adsorbent/100 mL sample within 45 min. Adsorption equilibrium was best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer adsorption on homogeneous active sites, whereas pseudo-second-order kinetics indicates that chemisorption dominates the adsorption process. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed that chemical activation enhances surface roughness, pore formation, and the availability of active adsorption sites, thereby improving adsorption efficiency. In addition to reducing FFA levels, the adsorbent contributes to lowering peroxide value and acid number, indicating a broader improvement in oil quality. These findings demonstrate that garlic peel waste possesses strong potential as a low-cost, environmentally benign, and renewable biosorbent for cooking oil regeneration. The study provides an alternative strategy for agricultural waste valorization while supporting sustainable and household-scale oil purification technologies. 
Effect of Jackfruit Seed Starch Bioplastic Coating on the Properties of Acetylated Sorghum Starch-Based Biofoam Yuli Darni; Septia Maharani; Lia Lismeri; Simparmin Br Ginting; Sudibyo Sudibyo; Aris Setiawan; Nindya Indah Kusumawardani
Reaktor Volume 26 No.2 August 2026
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.83691

Abstract

Expanded polystyrene packaging is widely used because of its low cost and light weight, but its poor biodegradability has encouraged further development through incorporation of renewable materials. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of jackfruit seed starch bioplastic coating on the properties of acetylated sorghum starch-based biofoam. Biofoam was prepared using acetylated sorghum starch as the main matrix and both its surfaces were coated with jackfruit seed starch bioplastic at different starch masses of 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 g. The samples were produced by thermopressing and characterized for their density, water absorption capacity, biodegradability, compressive strength, functional groups and microstructure. The results showed that the coating improves the structural compactness and compressive strength, but reduces water absorption capacity of the biofoam. The optimum biofoam coating formulation was using 7.5 g jackfruit seed starch, which resulted in the highest density and compressive strength, with the lowest water absorption capacity, while maintaining good biodegradability. FTIR results indicated physical interactions and hydrogen bonding between the coating and biofoam matrix, while SEM confirmed a denser and smoother surface morphology of the biofoam. These findings demonstrate that jackfruit seed starch bioplastic coating is a promising renewable strategy for improving biodegradable foam packaging performance.

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