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Letrozole 2.5 mg Shows Higher Endometrial Thickness Compared to 5 mg Letrozole in Ovulation Induction
Tobing, Anita
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume. 36, No. 3, July 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Socety of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Objective: To compare the effects of ovulation induction with 2.5 mg letrozole to 5 mg letrozole by the number of mature follicles, endometrial morphology and endometrium thickness during the late follicular phase in infertility patient who successfully became pregnant.
Method: This was a cross sectional study. We collected the data of infertility patient who successfully became pregnant after receiving ovulation induction regiment of 2.5 mg and 5 mg letrozole.
Result: There mean number of follicles with diameter ⥠18 mm was higher in group receiving 5 mg letrozole (1.64 SD ± 0.91) compared to group receiving 2.5 mg letrozole (1.37 SD ± 0.56) but statistically, there was no significant difference (p = 0.134). Endometrial thickness, which was measured by transvaginal ultrasound on the twelfth
day of menstrual cycle, showed a significant difference (p = 0.023) between the groups. The endometrium was thicker in patients receiving 2.5 mg letrozole (7.83 mm SD ± 0.87) compared to patients receiving 5 mg letrozole (7.6 mm SD ± 1.10). The most common endometrium
morphology found was triple line endometrium, both in group receiving 2.5 mg letrozole (65%) and in group receiving 5 mg letrozole (50%).
Conclusion: There was a significant difference in endometrial thickness between the pregnant patients who had received 5 mg of letrozole and 2.5 mg of letrozole for ovulation induction and the most common endometrium morphology and description was triple line
endometrium in both research groups. But there was no significant difference between the number of ⥠18 mm follicles on 2.5 mg doses and 5 mg doses of letrozole.
[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-3: 130-4]
Keywords: endometrium morphology, endometrium thickness, infertility, letrozole, ovarium follicles
Severe Complication of Uterine Perforation and Ileum Prolapse after Having Unsafe Abortion
Pradana, Aryando
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume. 36, No. 3, July 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Socety of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Objective: Discuss complication after unsafe abortion and management of uterine perforation after curettage.
Methods: Case report.
Conclusion: Uterine perforation and ileum prolapse in this patient was a complication from unsafe abortion from unregistered health practicioner, fortunately the outcome is good, although actually it could be prevent.
[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-3:150-3]
Keywords: hysteroraphy, ileum anastomose, ileum laceration, ileum prolapse, ileum resection, incomplete abortion, uterine perforation
High Level of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α is a Risk Factor for Preeclampsia
Anom, I.G.N.
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume. 36, No. 3, July 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Socety of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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DOI: 10.32771/inajog.v36i3.306
Objective: To define that elevated TNF-α serum level was the risk factor of preeclampsia in pregnancy.
Method: This research is a case-control study. From 56 pregnant women, there are 28 women with preeclampsia and the other 28 women with normal pregnancy. Then the serum level of TNF-α was obtained at Prodia’s clinical Laboratory Denpasar. Data’s normality test was done with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, then an analysis of data was done with Independent Sample Test, predictive value a = 0.05.
To define the role of TNF-α level in preeclampsia, Chi-Square test was chosen.
Result: From this research we found the average level of TNF-α in preeclampsia (6.64 ± 7.64 pg/ml) was higher than in normal pregnancy (2.42 ± 1.77 pg/ml). Analysis with t-independent test shows that the t-value was 2.85 and p-value was 0.006, which means that the average level of TNF-α between the two group was significantly
different (with predictive value, p
Lower Glutathione Peroxidase Serum Level Compared to Normal Pregnancy
Pramarta, Kadek
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume. 36, No. 3, July 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Socety of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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DOI: 10.32771/inajog.v36i3.307
Objective: To determine the difference of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in threatened miscarriages and normal pregnancy.
Method: This is an analytic cross sectional study with 42 samples divided into two groups. Group 1 consists of 21 cases of threatened miscarriages with < 20 gestational age and group 2 is divided into 21 normal pregnancies of < 20 weeks gestational age. We took 3 cc of blood samples from the cubiti veins and mixed it with EDTA. Its GPx quantities were than examined at the Pathology Lab at Sanglah General Hospital. Data was then analyzed using the Shapiro Wilk Test and the independent t-test with p < 0.05.
Result: From this research, we obtained the mean GPx levels on the threatened miscarriages was 49.92 ± 14.17 U/g Hb lower than the mean of normal pregnancy levels, which was 88.94 ± 30.11 U/g Hb.
Conclusion: The quantities of GPx between threatened miscarriages and normal pregnancies are statistically different, in which the quantity of GPx in threatened miscarriages is lower compared to
normal pregnancy.
[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-3: 112-5]
Keywords: GPx, normal pregnancy, threatened miscarriages
High Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) is Highly Correlated with Eclampsia
Lukas, Efendi
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume. 36, No. 3, July 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Socety of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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DOI: 10.32771/inajog.v36i3.308
Objectives: To understand the expression of placental vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-1) in severe preeclampsia with complication (eclampsia and HELLP syndrome).
Methods: The study was an observational study with cross sectional design, performed at several hospitals of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical Faculty of University of Hasanuddin, Makassar. Subjects met to inclusion criteria were taken as samples. Placental tissue samples were taken from cord insertion site and fixated
with formalin buffer solution. Immunohistochemical examination was performed at Center of Research University of Hasanuddin. Antibody used were primary antibody of Mouse monoclonal anti VEGFR-1 antibody (Santa Cruz) dissolved to 1:100 and link antibody
(secondary antibody labeled with biotin) (Dakopatt). Placental tissues were examined in Streptavidin biotin peroxides and interpreted according to the intensity of trophoblast cytoplasmic dye.
Results: High VEGFR-1 expression was found in 100% of the placenta from patients with eclampsia , 42.9&% in patients with HELLP syndrome and 37.8% in patients with severe preeclampsia. High VEGFR-1 expression was correlated to incidence of eclampsia (p=.000) and not correlated to severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome (p=0.734).
Conclusion: High VEGFR-1 expression was correlated to eclampsia and not correlate to severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.
[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-3:116-20]
Keywords: eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, severe preeclampsia, VEGFR-1 expression
The Psychopathology Changes in non-Obese PCOS Women Do Not Show any Influence on Neuropeptide Y Level
Yustina, Mariza
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume. 36, No. 3, July 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Socety of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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DOI: 10.32771/inajog.v36i3.310
Objective: To compare the Neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels in nonobese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients without insulin resistance and non-obese women without insulin resistance, in consideration of the psychopathologic conditions occurring in PCOS patients as well as the influence of these changes in affecting NPY levels.
Methods: The subject was fourteen PCOS patients and 20 non-obese normal women, both without insulin resistance. The measurements of blood NPY levels using the ELISA method and a psychology assessment using Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-90) were carried out.
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.
Results: From 20 PCOS patients included in this study, 6 subjects (30%) were detected as having psychopathologic problems through completion of the SCL-90 questionnaire, with a cut-off score of >70 points. Measurement of NPY levels using ELISA found a mean NPY level of 8.02 ± 3.92 (95% CI 2.39 - 18.66) in the PCOS group compared
to a mean of 7.78 ± 4.31 pg/ml (95% CI 0.74 - 15.47) in the control group. No significant difference was found in the mean levels of NPY between the two groups. Statistical assessment using the Spearman 2-variable correlation test also found no significant correlation
between NPY levels and the SCL-90, scores in the PCOS group.
Conclusion: There was no significant difference in NPY levels between the PCOS group and control group. Thirty percent of non-obese PCOS patients without insulin resistance were identified as having psychopathologic conditions. But in this group of patients, the psychopathologic changes had no influence on the levels of blood NPY.
[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-3: 125-9]
Keywords: neuropeptide Y, PCOS, psychopathologic conditions
Letrozole 2.5 mg Shows Higher Endometrial Thickness Compared to 5 mg Letrozole in Ovulation Induction
Tobing, Anita
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume. 36, No. 3, July 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Socety of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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DOI: 10.32771/inajog.v36i3.311
Objective: To compare the effects of ovulation induction with 2.5 mg letrozole to 5 mg letrozole by the number of mature follicles, endometrial morphology and endometrium thickness during the late follicular phase in infertility patient who successfully became pregnant.
Method: This was a cross sectional study. We collected the data of infertility patient who successfully became pregnant after receiving ovulation induction regiment of 2.5 mg and 5 mg letrozole.
Result: There mean number of follicles with diameter ≥ 18 mm was higher in group receiving 5 mg letrozole (1.64 SD ± 0.91) compared to group receiving 2.5 mg letrozole (1.37 SD ± 0.56) but statistically, there was no significant difference (p = 0.134). Endometrial thickness, which was measured by transvaginal ultrasound on the twelfth
day of menstrual cycle, showed a significant difference (p = 0.023) between the groups. The endometrium was thicker in patients receiving 2.5 mg letrozole (7.83 mm SD ± 0.87) compared to patients receiving 5 mg letrozole (7.6 mm SD ± 1.10). The most common endometrium
morphology found was triple line endometrium, both in group receiving 2.5 mg letrozole (65%) and in group receiving 5 mg letrozole (50%).
Conclusion: There was a significant difference in endometrial thickness between the pregnant patients who had received 5 mg of letrozole and 2.5 mg of letrozole for ovulation induction and the most common endometrium morphology and description was triple line
endometrium in both research groups. But there was no significant difference between the number of ≥ 18 mm follicles on 2.5 mg doses and 5 mg doses of letrozole.
[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-3: 130-4]
Keywords: endometrium morphology, endometrium thickness, infertility, letrozole, ovarium follicles
The Serum Level of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is Declined after Paclitaxel-Carboplatin Combined Chemotherapy Treatment on Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Abdullah, Amelia
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume. 36, No. 3, July 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Socety of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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DOI: 10.32771/inajog.v36i3.312
Objective: To assess the effect of Paclitaxel-Carboplatin combination on epithelial ovarian cancer by studying the changes in VEGF serum levels after receiving 3 series of chemotherapy.
Methods: This was a cohort study conducted at several teaching hospitals in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University from April 2011 to March 2012. The subjects were patients with ovarian cancer who met the inclusion
criteria and had undergone surgery. The clinical staging was determined with 2009 FIGO criteria. They went through histopathology examination to determine the histological type and cell differentiation of the lesion. They also went through combined chemotherapy of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin. The data were analyzed with paired t-test.
Results: The study reveals that out of 30 cases of ovarian cancer who received a combination chemotherapy, most were < 45 years of age (53.33%), nulliparous (46.7%), serosum type (53.3%), with moderate differentiation (36.7%), and in advanced stage (73.3%). The VEGF serum level after 3 series of chemotherapy was lower than before (the average value: 294.67 vs 572.77 ng/ml). There was a significant change in VEGF serum level after receiving chemotherapy (p=0.000). The VEGF serum level of advanced-stage and early stage epithelial ovarian cancer after chemotherapy decreases significantly
(p=0.000 and p=0.011). The advanced-stage cases showed more responses to chemotherapy than the early-stage did. There was a tendency that adenocarcinoma serosum type was more responsive
to the therapy than mucinosum type (p=0.000 vs 0.003).
Conclusion: There is no difference in VEGF serum level based on cell differentiation but there is a tendency that well and moderate differentiated cells have a greater change than the poor differentiated cells (p=0.003, p=0.003 vs p=0.019).
[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-3: 135-9]
Keywords: carboplatin, epithelial ovarian cancer, paclitaxel, VEGF
Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension are Risk Factor for Endometrial Cancer
Wijaya, Chresni F.
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume. 36, No. 3, July 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Socety of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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DOI: 10.32771/inajog.v36i3.314
Objective: To find out whether diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension is associated with endometrial cancer and could increase the staging of the cancer.
Method: This was an analytic retrospective descriptive study with cross sectional design. Data were taken from the medical record of patients diagnosed as having endometrial cancer in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital from 1st January 2007 - 31st December 2011 and analyzed descriptively.
Result: There were 125 cases of endometrial cancer. Prevalence was 2.56 %. The incidence increased in age > 40 y/o (92 %) and had diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension (66.4 %).
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension were associated with risk factors of endometrial cancer but not proven to increase the staging of the cancer.
[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-3: 140-3]
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, endometrial cancer, hypertension
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C (VEGF-C) Expression Can Not Predict Pelvic Lymph Node Metastases and Response to Neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy in Bulky Cervical Cancer
Hutapea, Johnson
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume. 36, No. 3, July 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Socety of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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DOI: 10.32771/inajog.v36i3.315
Objective: To assess whether VEGF-C expression can predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and pelvic lymphnode metastases in bulky cevical cancer.
Methods: Seventeen cervical cancer stage IB2 and IIA2 cases during the period of July 2009 until June 2010 were collected consecutively and given neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) PVB prior radical surgery. Response to treatment was evaluated based on the change of tumour size. VEGF-C expression was examined immunohistochemically at tumour biopsy before chemotherapy. The presence of lymphnode metastases histopathologically were obtained from pelvic lymphnode dissection. The difference and correlation of response and metastases on VEGF-C expression were analized statistically. The validity of the cut off percentage of immunopositive cells to VEGF-C to identify non responding and metastatic cases was calculated with the ROC. Multivariate analysis were done to determine the predictor of no response to chemotherapy.
Results: Clinical response, using the RECIST version 1.1 criteria, was found in 41.18% cases and lymphnode metastases were found in 27.27% cases. VEGF-C was expressed in all cases. Statistically, there were no significant differences and correlation in response to treatment and pelvic lymphnode metastases on VEGF-C expression. At the cut off ≥ 76% immunopositivity to VEGF-C, the sensitivity to identify no response and the specificity to identify response to NAC are 70.00% and 71.43% respectively (LR+ 2.45 and LR- 0.42);
whereas at the cut off ≥ 75% immunopositivity to VEGF-C, the sensitivity to identify lymphnode metastases and the specificity to identify no lymphnode metastases are 100.00% and 75.00% (LR+ 4.0 and LR- 0). With multivariate analysis using logistic regression, the cut off ≥ 76% immunopositive cells to VEGF-C were found to have
positive coefficient, largest OR and statistic score, 1.93, 6.88 (96% CI OR 0.45; 104.34) and 41 respectively, to predict non responders in a prediction score model.
Conclusion: VEGF-C expression on biopsy specimen bulky cervical cancers can not differentiate cases that respond to NAC and metastases to the pelvic lymphnode from that do not. The cut off ≥ 76% immunopositive cells to VEGF-C in a prediction model can be used as an alternative predictor to identify non responders.
[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-3: 144-9]
Keywords: bulky cervical cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, response and metastases prediction, VEGF-C immunohistochemistry expression