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Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 25277332     EISSN : 26140020     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research (PCPR) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, publishing original research, review, case reports, and commentaries on all aspects of pharmacology and clinical pharmacy. The journal aims to contribute to the scientific committee by publishing the high quality articles. It is published 3 times a year to provide a forum for pharmacologists, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking, and a more collaborative approach in pharmacology and clinical pharmacy.
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Articles 5 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 6, No 3 (2021)" : 5 Documents clear
A Comparative Study of Fluticasone Alone and Fluticasone with Azelastine Nasal Spray in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Fidelis G. Dass A; Sahana G N; Nalini GK; Ragavendra Prasad KU
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 6, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v6i3.33204

Abstract

In India, 20-30% of the population suffers from allergic rhinitis. Its prevalence increasing over the past many years and often adversely affects the quality of life. Little importance is given to allergic rhinitis and patients fail to correlate the ill-health to symptoms of allergic rhinitis in India. Studies have shown that patients with allergic rhinitis adversely affect the behavior, work performance, and lifestyle of patients. Hence this study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of fluticasone alone and in combination with azelastine. A total of 60 patients were randomly assigned into two groups (30 patients each), where the first group received fluticasone and the other group received fluticasone + azelastine. Drugs were administered as nasal spray and improvement were assessed using Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) and Quality of life was assessed using Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) at baseline and at 2 weeks. Descriptive statistics and student’s t-test was used to analyze data. Both the groups had statistical improvement in TNSS and RQLQ scores when compared to baseline within the groups (p < 0.0001). Comparison of overall TNSS between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001), though total RQLQ scores were insignificant (< 0.02) when compared between two groups. It was observed that both drugs were safe and efficacious. By these results, we conclude that the combination therapy showed better improvement in TNSS when compared to fluticasone alone. Azelastine due to antihistaminic properties and fluticasone anti-inflammatory effect showed synergistic anti-inflammatory effect and improvement in quality of life
Treatment Pattern of Antiepileptic Drugs in Pediatric with Epilepsy Dwajani S; Meghana KS; Krithika S; Adarsh E
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 6, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v6i3.33413

Abstract

Studying drug utilization helps to develop twin concepts for therapeutic formulation and essential drug lists. The main preference of using Antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy is that patients can be seizure-free for their lifetime. Treating children with epilepsy remains a major challenge, despite having several AEDs. Hence, we aimed to study drug utilization patterns among pediatric patients with epilepsy. This prospective study was conducted on 150 patients lesser than 18 years of age, receiving antiepileptic drugs. A specially designed case record form was used to collect the data on socioeconomic status, disease data, and treatment details. The majority of the children were females (60.6%), ages ranged from day 1 to 4 years (56.6%). About 35.33% were skilled laborers followed by 32.23% semi-skilled. Around 49.3% of patients belonged to the lower-middle-class family and 41.33% were diagnosed to have generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). The majority of the children were on monotherapy (81.33%) while 18.66% were on dual therapy or polytherapy. Regarding the usage of antiepileptic drugs, we found that 70.66% of children were on older AEDs like sodium valproate (27.33%) followed by clobazam (31.33%). Levetiracetam was the only new antiepileptic drug that was prescribed in 10% of patients. Monotherapy is considered as best modality, due to its low cost, safety profile, and lesser drug interactions. It can also improve drug treatment compliance and adherence. Along with older AEDs, there has been an increase in the utilization of newer AEDs, which help to broaden the therapeutic option towards the management of childhood epilepsy with a better safety profile.
Antibacterial Activities of Ethanol Extract of Jernang Resin (Daemonorops draco Blume) Muhaimin Muhaimin; Indra L. Tarigan; Dyah M. Devy; Diah R. Gusti
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 6, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v6i3.31166

Abstract

The resin compound is obtained from Jernang (Daemonorops draco blume), a plant that grows in the tropical rainforests of Indonesia. This study was undertaken to determine the antibacterial ability of ethanol extract of Jernang resin against both Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus mutans. The crude extract was prepared by soxhlet extraction in ethanol, is then fractionated vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) with increasing solvent polarity starting from n-hexane (100%); n-hexane: ethyl acetate (80:20); ethyl acetate: methanol (40:60) up to methanol (100%) by. The antibacterial activity were evaluated using the disc diffusion method, these were compared with that of standards chloramphenicol as positive control and DMSO as a negative control. Determination of the antibacterial activity, we verified the diameter of inhibition of growth zone against Salmonella typhi at the variation of the extract concentration were 0.00mm/10ppm, 9.03mm/50ppm, 8.4mm/100ppm, 11.73mm/500ppm. These were compared with that of standards chloramphenicol (21.03mm/300ppm) and DMSO (0.00mm/300ppm). On the other hands, the diameter of inhibition of growth zone against Streptococcus mutans at the variation of the extract concentration were 9.33mm/50ppm, 9.83mm/75ppm, 10.67mm/100ppm, 11.5mm/125ppm, and 13.33mm/150ppm. These were compared with that of standards chloramphenicol (25.7mm/300ppm) and DMSO (0.00mm/300ppm). The ethanol extract of Jernang Resin exhibited antibacterial effects on Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus mutans, but these effects were less than chloramphenicol. The antibacterial effect increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract.
A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Cost Variation among Hypolipidemic Drugs Available in Indian Market Meghna Shinde; Anjali Kushwah
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 6, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v6i3.32488

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of atherosclerotic coronary and cerebrovascular disorders affecting a large Indian population. The cost of various hypolipidemic drugs that are used for the prevention and treatment of these afflictions largely varies in the Indian pharmaceutical market. Our study aimed to evaluate the cost variation of different brands of hypolipidemic drugs and to compare the branded prices with their corresponding generic and ceiling prices. The costs of various drugs were procured from the latest issue of the “Drug Today” from October to November 2020 edition which is a directory of all the drugs available in India published quarterly every year by Lorina Publications (India) Inc. Cost ratio, percent cost variation, and daily defined dose (DDD) were calculated. We also compared the branded prices of drugs with their generic and ceiling prices available on the official website.A total of 9 single hypolipidemic drugs and 9 fixed-dose combinations (FDC) showed a wide per cent cost variation. The highest percentage of cost variation was atorvastatin 80 mg (3284%) whereas fenofibrate showed the lowest percent cost variation (0.91%). The cost ratio was also found higher in 2 from 6 drugs. Among FDCs, atorvastatin 10mg + ezetimibe 10 mg (484%) showed a higher cost variation and rosuvastatin 20 mg + fenofibrate 160mg (0.6%) showed a minimum variation. The maximum cost variation from branded prices compared to generic prices was found in simvastatin 20 mg (544%) and atorvastatin 10 mg (155%). In summary, our study showed a wide variation in the cost of hypolipidemic drugs available in the Indian market which provides an insight to the prescriber, gives drug price control authorities to minimize the financial burden on the patient, and improves their compliance
A Comparative Study of Tolerability of Losartan versus Atenolol in Essential Hypertension and Their Effect on Lipid Profile Amrutha Torvi; Prashanth D; Soujanya S; Lingraj Patil
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 6, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v6i3.32831

Abstract

Hypertension is a vascular disease entity that is a common problem occurring worldwide, characterized by sustained elevated blood pressure. Losartan and atenolol are two medications that are commonly used in hypertensive patients. However, the mechanism of tolerability their effect on lipid profile is not clearly described. Thus, the aims of this study were to study the tolerability of losartan with atenolol in patients with hypertension and the changes in lipid profile on treatment. This research was a prospective, open-label, parallel-group, comparative study conducted in the medicine out-patient department (OPD), where 100 patients aged 40-60 years with newly diagnosed mild and moderate hypertension. We classified patients randomly into two groups, losartan, and atenolol (50 patients of each). Patients were recruited for a period of 6 months and were called for follow-up visits at the third and sixth months. In this study mean age of the patients was 52.72 years. Our study observed that baseline systolic (P=0.704), as well as diastolic blood pressure (BP) (P=0.324), was comparable between both groups. Both systolic (P=0.125), as well as diastolic BP (P=0.108) at 6-months, was comparable between both groups. It was observed that mean total cholesterol levels were comparable between both groups at baseline (P=0.665). Moreover, adverse effects were observed more commonly in group atenolol, headache being the most common followed by dizziness and palpitation. Our study observed that both losartan and atenolol are equally effective in long- term reduction of blood pressure. Additionally, losartan also significantly improved lipid profile. 

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