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Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 25277332     EISSN : 26140020     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research (PCPR) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, publishing original research, review, case reports, and commentaries on all aspects of pharmacology and clinical pharmacy. The journal aims to contribute to the scientific committee by publishing the high quality articles. It is published 3 times a year to provide a forum for pharmacologists, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking, and a more collaborative approach in pharmacology and clinical pharmacy.
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Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 1 (2022)" : 5 Documents clear
Vitamin D Status and its Correlation with Disease Severity among Patients Presented with Major Depressive Disorders in a Tertiary Health Care Hospital in South India Thekkuttuparambil A Ajith; Shiny John; S Achu
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 7, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v7i1.35041

Abstract

Vitamin D level has a significant inverse correlation with depressive symptoms. The associa- tion of vitamin D level with unipolar or bipolar disorders are inconclusive among Indians. This study was aimed to find the severity of major depressive disorders and their correlation with vitamin D status. A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients (15-65 years old) diagnosed clinically with a major depressive disorder with a known serum 25 (OH) D levels. Mild, moderate, and severe depressive disorders were categorized into groups like vitamin D sufficient (≥75 nmol/L), insufficient (51-74 nmol/L), and deficient (<50 nmol/L). The data were analyzed for correlation. A total of 83 patients (33 males and 50 females) were included. Among the total, only four patients (4.8%) had bipolar disorder, while 79 patients (95.1%) had the unipolar disorder. Three bipolar patients and 68 unipolar patients had 25(OH)D levels below normal. Correlation analysis between the severity of disease and 25(OH)D level found a non-linear negative correlation in males (r= -0.07595, p= 0.7123) and positive correlation in females (r= 0.04234, p= 0.7823). However, correlation of age with 25(OH)D level was positive in males (r= 0.4151, p= 0.035) and negative in females (r= -0.1553, p= 0.3085). A negative correlation was found between the severity of the unipolar disorder and serum 25(OH)D levels in males. Therefore, male patients presented with the unipolar depressive disorder may consider vitamin D supplementation 
Microbial Isolates and their Resistance Patterns at an Indian Teaching Hosptial - A Retrospective Study Poojitha A; Sultana Gouhar; Bindu Madhavi V; N.Hanisha Gupta; Qamar U.B Siddiqui; Mustafa Afzal; Mohammed A. Ghufran
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 7, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v7i1.35446

Abstract

Rapidly rising antibiotic resistance is a challenge to comprehensive patient care in all branches of medical science. A retrospective observational study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns in a tertiary care hospital for six months. The data was collected from laboratory test reports and patient case files using a structured data collection form. A total of 200 cases having a positive culture report were included in the study.  Of these, 186 cases were identified to have gram-negative infections, and 14 had gram-positive infections. Escherichia coli (E. Coli) (47%) was the predominant isolate among gram-negative organisms, followed by Klebsiella (24.5%), Pseudomonas (7.55%), Enterobacter (6.5%), and Citrobacter (4.5%). All Gram-positive organisms E.coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter have shown maximum resistance of 92.55%, 95.91%, 93.33%, and 76.92%, respectively, Ampicillin. E.coli has shown the least resistance to carbapenems (7.44%). Klebsiella demonstrated minimum reistance of 10.2% to cefotaxime, cefazolin and levofloxacin. Pseudomonas was completely sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam. Enterobacter showed least resistance to gentamicin (3.07%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (3.07%). The primary gram-positive isolate, Enterococcus spp. (5.5%) mainly was resistant to ciprofloxacin (90.90%), followed by levofloxacin (81.81%), tetracycline (81.81%), and gentamicin (72.72%). E. coli was the most resistant organism in the present study. The study results would contribute to the development of an antibiogram at the study site.
Audit of Antibiotic Prescription in Suspected Neonatal Sepsis at an Indian Tertiary Care Hospital Geetha S; Deepa Patil; Raghu Prasada M S; Sathisha Aithal
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 7, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v7i1.35588

Abstract

Neonatal sepsis is one of the most typical causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Rational use of antibacterial is a priority to prevent the emergence of resistance and to reduce the burden of treatment failure. This study was a prospective, cross-sectional study that collected data from 148 records of clinically suspected neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital between January to December 2017. The isolated organisms, prescribing patterns, approval status, and list of antibacterial in WHO Essential Medicines List/NLEM were analyzed and presented as percentages, mean and standard deviations using appropriate tables and graphs. Of the 430 antibacterials examined, single-drug formulations were most commonly prescribed [400(93.02%)]; 298(69.30%) and 427(99.30%) were approved by DCGI and USFDA, respectively; 275(63.95%) antibacterials were included in both WHO and NLEM. The most common isolated organisms were gram-negative (64.1%). The most common class of antibacterial prescribed was beta-lactams (ATC class: J01D and J01C) [251(58.37%)] followed by aminoglycosides (ATC class: J01G) [124(28.84%)] irrespective of culture and sensitivity and their generic names prescribed almost 50% (216) of drugs. Regarding outcome, 87.16% of cases recovered well. In conclusion, the rationality of antibacterial drug usage in suspected cases of neonatal sepsis was followed the majority of times, leading to better patient care and outcome.
Medication Adherence And Its Associated Factor: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Patients with Schizophrenia Noor U Saba; Sushma Muraraiah
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 7, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v7i1.35121

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a chronic severe psychiatric disorder. Antipsychotic medications are a highly efficacious modality of treating patients with schizophrenia. Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication is a critical problem leading to increased relapse rate, hospitalization rate, and health care costs. Non-adherence is caused by multi-factors and might be varied within the globe. Assessing non-adherence and influencing factors would help in framing preventive strategies. This cross-sectional study involved 100 patients with schizophrenia fulfilling inclusion criteria. Patients’ demographics, clinical parameters, and prescribed drugs were collected. Medication adherence was assessed using the MARS scale (medication adherence rating scale) and symptom severity by PANSS (positive and negative symptom scale). Statistical analysis was done to identify the potential predictors of non-adherence to antipsychotic medication. The correlation of medication adherence with severity of illness was tested. Males were significantly associated with decreased likelihood of being non-adherent with odds ratio of 0.095 (0.014, 0.667) p value of 0.018. An increase in positive and cognitive scores was significantly associated with higher odds of being non-adherent with OR of 1.188 (1.044, 1.325) p-value 0.009 and OR 1.258 (1.073, 1.475) p value 0.005. From this study, non-adherence to medication was noted in 45% of the study population. Thus, strategies need to be framed for regular monitoring and follow-up of female patients on antipsychotics and patients with high PANSS. These steps could reduce the frequency of non-adherence among patients with schizophrenia.
Evaluation of Warfarin Use in Cardiac Clinic Outpatients Norisca A. Putriana; Taofik Rusdiana; Tina Rostinawati; Mohammad R. Akbar; Dika P. Destiani
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 7, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v7i1.39666

Abstract

The use of warfarin was monitored using the International Normalized Ratio (INR) value. This study aims to determine the relationship between the patient’s demographic variables and INR, as well as the therapy result and differences in their INR value. A cross-sectional study was used with retrospective observational data collected by tracing secondary information of medical records from outpatients with heart disease on warfarin therapy at Dr. Hasan Sadikin hospital Bandung between 2016 to 2020. Subsequently, the difference in patients’ INR value was analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test based on dosage. At the same time, the relationship between demographic variables and INR was examined using the Chi-square test and Spearman correlation. The INR examination results in 192 subjects showed 124 patients (64.6%) reached the target with an average value of 2.37 ± 0.21 and a warfarin dose of 19.31 ± 6.25 mg weekly, while 68 (35.4%) had an average of 1.82 ± 0.73 and a dose of 20.24 ± 6.24 mg weekly. Subsequently, the difference test with Mann Whitney (p = 0.004) showed a variation in the INR value based on the warfarin dose. The Spearman correlation analysis results indicated a relationship between BMI (p = 0.009), daily (0.010), and weekly dose (0.008) on the INR value with the correlation coefficient of 0.188; 0.186; and 0.192;  indicating a negative association with very weak correlation strength. This study showed that a majority of patients reached the INR value of 2-3, and the demographic variables associated with this ratio were BMI and warfarin dose. The decision to increase and decrease the warfarin dose is determined by INR value and BMI.

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