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INDONESIA
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 01262092     EISSN : 24425230     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25077
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas (MKA) (p-ISSN: 0126-2092, e-ISSN: 2442-5230) is a peer-reviewed, open-access national journal published by Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas and is dedicated to publish and disseminate research articles, literature reviews, and case reports, in the field of medicine and health, and other related disciplines
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 12 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol 33, No 2: Agustus 2009" : 12 Documents clear
PERUBAHAN NEUROANATOMI SEBAGAI PENYEBAB ADHD Yanofiandi Yanofiandi; Iskandar Syarif
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 33, No 2: Agustus 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (502.167 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v33.i2.p%p.2009

Abstract

AbstrakAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) merupakan suatu kelainan tingkah laku, dan bersifat heterogen yang ditandai dengan gambaran tidak dapat memusatkan perhatian, hiperaktif, dan impulsif sehingga menimbulkan gangguan baik secara akademis maupun interaksi sosial. Penyakit ini dimulai dari masa anak dan dapat terus berkembang sampai dewasa.Sering dengan perkembangan teknologi kedokteran diagnostik dan kedokteran molecular telah ikut membantu pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai penyakit ini. Pemeriksaan yang dilakukan dengan Computed Tomography-Scan (CT-scan) atau Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) memperlihatkan perubahan volume otak terutama area kortek frontalis, ganglia basalis dan serebrum yang mengecil pada penderita ADHD. Pemeriksaan neurotansmiter otak pada penderita ADHD juga memperlihatkan perubahan. Kadar nor epineprin dan dopamine pada penderita ADHD berkurang dibandingkan dengan individu normal.ADHD diduga melibatkan multifaktorial seperti genetik, lingkungan dan neuroanatomis. Karena itu didalam penanganan terhadap ADHD perlu dilakukan secara komprehensif, berupa pemberian obat-obatan dan intervensi tingkah laku dan nutrisi. Penanganan yang terpadu tersebut akan memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan jika hanya mengunakan obat- obatan saja.Tujuan penanganan ADHD meliputi peningkatan daya akademik, kemandirian, perbaikan dalam interaksi, dan peningkatan kontrol diri dan sedapat mungkin ditujukan kausa ADHD tersebut.Kata kunci : Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)AbstractAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobiologic disorder characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity and disrupted academically and socially. This disorder begin in childhood and continue to adulthood.Diagnostic imaging and molecular development has contributed to more understanding of this disease. Computed Tomography-Scan (CT-scan) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination reveal decreased brain volume especially at frontalis cortec, basal ganglia and cerebrum in ADHD. neurotransmitter change also seen in ADHD, norepineprin and dopamine decreased in ADHD compare to normal persons.ARTIKEL PENELITIAN180ADHD is suggested has multi-factorial etiology, genetic, environment and neuroanatomy change. Comprehensive management is needed which include drugs, behavioral intervention, and nutrition. Compare with only drug therapy, this comprehensive management has better outcome in management ADHD.Goal of management ADHD patient is an increased maximal academic achievement, independency, good social interaction, self control and if possible, it directed to main etiologic factor.Key Words: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
RESPON Th2 PADA INFEKSI CACING USUS Selfi Renita Rusjdi
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 33, No 2: Agustus 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (304.509 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v33.i2.p%p.2009

Abstract

AbstrakPenyakit kecacingan masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di beberapa negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Prevalensi penyakit kecacingan ini masih cukup tinggi terutama pada kelompok masyarakat dengan higienisitas dan sanitasi yang rendah.Penyakit kecacingan ini disebabkan oleh organisme multi seluler yang mempunyai masa hidup panjang dan siklus hidup yang kompleks. Sepanjang siklus hidupnya, cacing usus mengalami perkembangan stadium yang yang dapat berpindah, melewati atau memasuki organ tertentu serta mampu memodulasi respon imun yang kuat dan khas pada hospes. Efek modulasi infeksi cacing terhadap sistem imun ini terjadi akibat perubahan keseimbangan T helper1/T helper2 (Th1/Th2) ke arah sel Th2 (Th2 palarized).Pada infeksi akut cacing usus terjadi stimulasi respon imun hospes yang terpolarisasi ke arah sel Th2 yang dikenal dengan Th2 response. Polarisasi respon imun ke arah sel Th2 ini ditandai dengan peningkatan Th2 specific cyokines seperti interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-13 (IL-13) dan peningkatan imunoglobulin E (IgE). Pada infeksi cacing kronis terjadi modified Th2 response yang menekan produksi interleukin-5 (IL-5), mengaktivasi peranan sel Treg. Sel Treg ini menghasilkan interleukin-10 (IL-10) dan Transforming Growth Factor – β (TGF-β). IL-10 berperan dalam class switching antibody response dimana sel B yang sebelumnya memproduksi IgE menjadi memproduksi IgG4. TGF-β berperan dalam menekan respon seluler baik sel Th1 maupun Th2.Kata kunci: Cacing usus, Th2 response, modified Th2 responseAbstractIntestinal helminthiasis is still unsolved problem in developing countries including Indonesia. The prevalence is generally high particularly in bad hygiene and sanitation.Intestinal helminthiasis are caused by human pathogenic intestinal helminth. This multicelllular parasite has long and complex life cycle. Helminth has stadiums which can move, pass through or enter certain internal organ and also modulate immune response. Intestinal heminth modulates immune response by skewing toward Th2 (Th2 polarized).The immune response of the host to acute intestinal helminthiasis is characterized by Th2 response with production of cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-13 (IL-13), as well as elevated imunoglobulin E (IgE). In chronic intestinal helminthiasis, modified Th2 response reduce productionTINJAUAN PUSTAKA95Interleukin-5 (IL-5), activate Treg to produce high levels of IL-10 which switches B-cell responses from IgE to IgG4 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which mediates Th1 and Th2 hyporesponsiveness.Key words: Intestinal helminth, Th2 response, modified Th2 response

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