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International Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 24770116     EISSN : 25981145     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Social Sciences
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences is an open access journal published by the Graduate Program of Andalas University. IJASC publishes original research findings from throughout the world related to strategic and applied studies in all aspects of agricultural science, as well as reviews of scientific books or other publications of current agricultural relevance.
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Articles 8 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015)" : 8 Documents clear
CALLI INDUCTION OF SOME CHILI PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) GENOTYPES AS MATERIAL FOR GENETIC TRANSFORMATION Jumsu Trisno and Jamsari, Renfiyeni, Yusniwati,
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ijasc.1.1.75-80.2015

Abstract

Calli is one of the materials used for genetic transformation. Studies on calli induction in some pepper genotypes were conducted in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang. This study aimed to obtain calli which can be used as material for genetic transformation. We used three genotypes of chili (Kopay, Kampung and Trisula). Explants were derived from first leaf, cotyledon, epycotyl and hypocotyl obtained from 24 days old chili germination. The study found that all the explants were able to produced calli. From 17 combinations of medium, the two combinations that produced 100% calli were MS + BAP + IAA + L2 vitamin and MS + 2,4 D. Mediums that can produce organogenic calli were MS + BAP 4 mg / L, IAA 0.5 mg / L, L2 vitamin ( Pyridoxin hydroklorit 0.5 g / L  and Thiamin hydroklorit 0.1 mg / L). The colour of calli produced were yellowish green and compact. The study also found that structures develop with a globular phase, followed by a heart shape, torpedo, cotyledonary and eventually form buds. While MS + 2.4 D 4 mg / L produced yellowish white calli and crumb, it could not grow organogenic calli.
THE CROP-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION INNOVATION USING PALM OIL BY-PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION IN WEST SUMATRA Yolas Pendra, Edy Mawardi and Asmak, Abdullah M Bamualim, Fuad Madarisa,
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ijasc.1.1.66-74.2015

Abstract

A study has been conducted on the crop-livestock integration innovation using palm oil by-products technology to support beef cattle production in 2014. The collected data consisted of (i) Socio-economic aspects, (ii) The body weight gain of cattle, and (iii) Palm oil production. These data were taken from Sri Langgeng farmers group (13 respondents) in Dharmasraya district and Tanjung Keramat farmers group (10 respondents) in West Pasaman district. The results of the socio economic aspects showed; the  average age of farmers was 39 years old, owned palm oil plantation of 2,2 and, 4,1 ha, and owned of 4.2 and 6.2 head of cattle in Tanjung Keramat and Sri Langgeng respectively. The average monthly income was Rp 1.63 million and about Rp 1.05 million derived from livestock contribution in Tanjung Keramat, and Rp 1.65 million and about Rp 1.71 million derived from livestock contribution in Sri Langgeng. Feeding a supplement of palm oil by-products increased cattle growth by about 0.14 and 0.09 kg/head/day at Sri Langgeng and Tanjung Keramat respectively. In contrast, the animals in a control treatment experienced body weight losses of -0.17 and -0.11 kg/head/day. The application of organic fertilizer from cattle manure, above the inorganic fertilizer, increased the palm oil fruit by 39.4% and 48.4%. The research proved that there is an opportunity to accelerate the adoption process of crop-livestock integration in palm oil plantation areas in West Sumatra.
MYCORRHIZAL GROWTH RESPONSE AND GLOMALIN PRODUCTION EFFECTED BY ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI (AMF) AND NITROGEN OF ORGANIC MATERIALS ON CORN Eti Farda Husin and Azwar Rasyidin, Eddiwal, Amrizal Saidi,
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ijasc.1.1.55-65.2015

Abstract

Symbiotic relationships between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants can increase the capacity of plants to absorb nutrients and water from the soil by exploring micropores not accessible to plant roots. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis between plants and soil fungi improves phosphorus and nitrogen acquisition under limiting conditions. Recent discoveries indicate that AMF hyphae containing glomalin as glycoproteins and function unitinge the soil particles to form stable soil aggregates. Glomalin acts as an adhesive (glue) produced by AMF symbiosis with the host plant. The AMF is capable of taking nitrogen and other nutrients from a source of organic materials to produce glomalin which is transferred to the host plant. The study was conducted using nitrogen from forage materials of Tithonia (Tithonia difersifolia) which the AMF needs to produce glomalin. This study assess the need for organic N by AMF to the mycorrhizal growth effect and its effects on glomalin. The study use sterile medium sand and zeolite mixture (w/w 1:1) in pot culture experiments with the corn as the host. For treatments using N derived from Tithonia are five doses, namely 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg of N Tithonia each pot. At  the time of planting, the corn roots inoculated with AMF spores of the two species, namely Glomus luteum and Glomus versiforme. We show that a positive mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) was observed only in the dose of range 20 to 30 mg N. This response did not appear to be affected by high nitrogen supply. Our results also show that in Glomus luteum at the dose of 20 mg N produce glomalin highest, namely 2.60 mg.g-1 in the planting medium. Glomus versiforme has produced glomalin is 2.38 mg.g-1 at the dose of 30 mg N. The AMF species did not significantly affect the results of glomalin, while the use of N from forage materials of Tithonia significantly influenced the production of glomalin.
Specific RAPD frafments related with sex type in Salacca (Salacca edulis L.) Gustian and Jamsari, Ediwirman, Irfan Suliansyah,
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ijasc.1.1.34-46.2015

Abstract

Salacca (Salacca edulis L.) is a tropical plant with a high economic value. The sexes of salacca can be grouped as dioecious, monoecious, dan hermaphrodite. Farmer's success in cultivation is especially determined by the male to female ratio. The present ratio of male and female plants is 1:4. Determining sex based on morphological characteristics is not effective and difficult for young plants (seedlings), also to lysozim marker and chromosome. Marker Assisted Selection is a strategy to determine sex using a marker. Random Amplifed Polymorfism DNA (RAPD) is an amplification technique that uses markers. Of 305 primers tested, 4 primers, OPO-17 produced 297 bp product, OPAP-20 produced 554 bp as the specific fragment for the female and UBC-454 produced 934 bp as the specific fragment for the female and UBC-454 produced 946 bp as male, primer UBC-78 with the size of fragment 562 bp as the specific fragment for the female.
The estimation of GHG emissions for hotels in Asian Institute of Technology and Chiang Mai Hill 2000, Thailand Supansa, Luansak
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ijasc.1.1.1-9.2015

Abstract

In the tourism sector, hotel industry is one of the most important sub-sector. This hotel industry emits greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mainly carbon dioxide (CO2) by consuming large amount of energy, water, and non-renewable resources in service operation everyday on basis. This paper presents results of analysis how much does the GHG emissions release in hotel. The Asian Institute of Technology Conference Center and Chiang Mai Hill 2000, Chiang Mai, Thailand have successfully estimated GHG emissions by using Bilan Carbone® tool. The mitigation options are to encourage low carbon dioxide hotels. The data collection was done by questionnaires, interviews, and observations in both of them hotels. The results of annual GHG emissions contributor both Chiang Mai Hill 2000 as 3,844 t CO2 and at AITCC about 1,011 t CO2. Energy use is a major emission contributor followed by travel, property, input material, waste generated, and freight. Higher number of guests/tourists flow, effected higher used of facilities such as electricity, air conditioning, lighting, and food & beverage. Larger size hotel service quality, greater guest room service, wide range of building area, greater facilities, and large functional are consumed higher energy and materials. As well as, the higher rate of room turning can also increase of emissions. Moreover, Chiang Mai Hill 2000 tends to take transportation which have longer distance than AITCC. Therefore, increasing higher journal distance generated higher GHG emissions as well. The short term and long term mitigation plans can also be taken into consideration to reduce GHG emissions. The recommendation of short term mitigation plans can be applied directly in both hotels thus, increasing awareness about climate change and energy conservation among uses. The long term mitigation plans recommends to give “Green Hotel” award to successful hotels for reducing GHG emissions in hotel. These plans can be incorporated the Thailand’s government policy to reduce the impacts of climate change to the hotel industry. 
Tales from long ago and why we need them to secure a resilient today Harini Nagendra, Hita Unnikrishnan, B. Manjunatha,
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ijasc.1.1.10-33.2015

Abstract

We live in the Anthropocene, at a time when the human footprint is at its most pronounced. In the process ofrapid urbanization, that characterizes today's age, many ecological commons with complex histories ofgovernance and stewardships are reimagined in keeping with prevailing notions of their utility. This redefining of acommon often occurs in exclusion of former social and cultural relationships built around the resource leading toentire communities being disconnected from it. The resultant loss of perceived value can enhance vulnerability tothreats including a loss of its identity as an ecological common. In this paper, we use the case of a former lake (Sampangi lake) within the south Indian city of Bengaluru toillustrate what makes understanding the past so important when it comes to management of urban ecologicalcommons. The Sampangi lake, now a major sports stadium of the city, was once an important ecological, social,and cultural resource. Besides being an indispensable water source to the city up until the mid-19th century, thelake also supported various other forms of provisioning and cultural ecosystem services – ranging across servingdomestic purposes, livelihoods, and belief systems. How then did this lake fade into obscurity and eventualoblivion in the intervening years, and more importantly, what happened to the people who once had strong ties withthe resource? Do events of long ago resonate even today and if so, how do they still speak to us? In order to answer these questions, we combine landscape change analysis through geospatial methodsalong with official archival records and oral narratives to unravel the story of change and its impacts on this urbancommon. We examine different changing notions of the utility of this lake pictured against a backdrop of rapidurbanization, migration, and landscape change. We relate this historical picture with contemporary trends in lakemanagement to draw a parallel. In so doing, we demonstrate that obtaining knowledge about the history of aresource, the history of its use, the various stakeholders accessing it, and the various conflicts it witnessed can helpprevent exclusionary histories, alienation of communities, and encourage citizen stewardship of the resource. Thiscan further shape more equitable, ecologically robust policy frameworks aimed at enhancing social and ecologicalresilience and therefore longevity of the resource.
INCREASED YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF KUMPAI GRASS (Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees.) WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN RED-YELLOW PODZOLIC SOIL Evita Yani, Hardi Syafria, Novirman Jamarun, Mardiati Zein
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ijasc.1.1.47-54.2015

Abstract

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can help plants by improving the uptake of low P availability acidsoils. Organic fertilizers can effect the physical, chemical and biological soil. The purpose of this research is tostudy and determine the effect of AMF and organic fertilizer on increasing yield and nutritional value of kumpaigrass in red-yellow podzolic acid soils. The study design used a completely randomized 5 x 3 factorial pattern andrepeat three times. Two factors as treatment: AMF and organic fertilizer. AMF usage consisted of three levels:control (0 g/pot), AMF (10 g/pot) and AMF (20 g/pot). The organic fertilizer usage consisteds of five levels:control (0 %), manure (50 %), manure (100 %), compost (50 %) and compost (100 %). Variables measuredincluded the width of leaves, plant length, number of tillers, the yield of forage dry matter, crude protein,phosphorus, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The results showed that the AMF and organic fertilizer hada highly significant (P<0.01) effect for all observed variables. The interaction AMF and organic fertilizers hadsignificant effect on crude protein, phosphorus and organic matter digestibility.
SCREENING OF RHIZOBACTERIA FROM ONION RHIZOSPHERE CAN INDUCE SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE ON ONION PLANTS Jamsari, Milda Ernita, Trimurti Habazar, Nasrun
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ijasc.1.1.81-89.2015

Abstract

In modern cultivation processes indiscriminate use of pesticides and fertilizers, has led to substantialpollution of soil, air and water. So, there is an urgent need to solve the problem. Rhizobacteria are bacteria thatcolonize plant roots, and these bacteria are known to stimulate growth and thereby reduce incidence of plantdisease by direct and indirect mechanisms. A total of 136 rhizobacteria isolates were isolated from differentrhizosphere soils in central areas of production of onions in Indonesia. These isolates were screened for theircapability to enhance growth and protect onions against bacterial leaf blight disease-caused by Xanthomonasaxonopodis pv.allii. The results showed that ten isolates can enhance growth and protect onions against bacterialleaf blight diseases. Five isolates were isolated from West Sumatra, four isolates from Java and one isolated from North Sumatra. All isolates produced indol-3-acetic acid with different concentrations. Molecular identification of ten isolates belong to Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Stenotrophomonas sp and Serratia sp.

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