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Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26850389     DOI : 10.30829/contagion
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health, A Scientific Periodic Journal of Public Health published by the Public health Study Program of The Faculty of Public Health UINSU Medan. This Journal prioritiez the collaboration of lecturers and students with scope of the discussion is about Public Health, Health and Islam, and Coastal Health. This Journal is published twice, published on June and December.
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Articles 21 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION" : 21 Documents clear
Environmental and Behavioral Factors of “3M Plus” Practices (Cover, Drain and Recycle) Associated with Dengue Fever Incidence in Cilongok District, Banyumas Regency Mardhiyah, Lailatul; Suhartono, Suhartono; Raharjo, Mursid; Wahyuningsih, Nur Endah; Sulistiyani, Sulistiyani
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.27790

Abstract

Dengue hemorrhagic fever has been a public health concern in Cilongok District evident by a sharp increase in its cases in the last two years. This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical, biological, and social environmental factors, as well as the behavior of 3M Plus, with the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Cilongok District, Banyumas Regency. The research followed a quantitative approach of observational analytics with a case-control design. A total of 60 respondents were involved, consisting of 30 cases and 30 controls that were selected using neighborhood-matched controls based on a residential distance of less than 100 meters. Data analysis was carried out using chi square test and logistic regression. The results of the study show a cumulative increase in dengue cases from 26 cases in 2023 to 126 cases in 2024. Spatial analysis showed an uneven distribution of cases with high concentrations in densely populated areas, especially Langgongsari Village, Pageraji Village, and Panusupan Village. Indoor temperature was significantly associated with the incidence of dengue (p = 0.038; OR = 3.500), as well as air humidity (p = 0.039; OR = 3.455). Biological factors measured through the House Index (p = 0.398; OR = 1.902) and Container Index (p = 0.398; OR = 1.902) do not indicate a meaningful relationship. In social environmental factors, the habit of hanging clothes was significantly related to the incidence of dengue (p = 0.004; OR = 5.675), as well as the absence of gauze wire in house ventilation (p = 0.008; OR = 5,231). The other 3M Plus behavioral variables did not show a significant relationship. This study shows that the incidence of dengue fever in Cilongok District is influenced by microclimatic conditions in the house and specific behaviors that increase the chances of human-vector contact. Efforts to control dengue need to integrate ventilation and humidity management of the house with targeted behavior change interventions, especially reducing clothing storage in the room and increasing household physical protection Keyword: dengue hemorrhagic fever, environmental factors, 3M Plus behavior
Prognostic Value of the Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio for 28-Day Mortality in Hospitalized Pulmonary Tuberculosis Nasution, Ali Napiah; Sinaga, Perwita Sari; Nasution, Sri Wahyuni
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26437

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious mortality. The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an accessible inflammatory index that may stratify short-term risk in hospitalized TB. To examine whether admission NLR predicts 28-day mortality in pulmonary TB. We conducted a retrospective cohort at Royal Prima General Hospital, Medan (1 January 2023–31 December 2024), among adults (18–65 years) admitted with active pulmonary TB. Demographics, TB category, day-1 neutrophil and lymphocyte counts (to derive NLR), and 28-day outcomes were abstracted from medical records. NLR was analyzed as a continuous variable and as a binary variable using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-derived cut-off. Group comparisons used t/Mann–Whitney tests as appropriate; prognostic performance was assessed by area under the ROC curve (AUC). The results of the analysis show that NLR has a significant ability to identify patients at risk of death during treatment. This finding has important implications for clinical management, where the use of NLR as a routine biological marker can assist medical personnel in triage and more timely therapeutic decision-making. Therefore, the application of this parameter is expected to help reduce mortality rates through closer monitoring of high-risk patient groups. Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio, 28-Day Mortality, Prognosis, Biomarkers.
Association Between Home Physical Environment, Individual Characteristics and Personal Hygiene and the Incidence of Leprosy in Cirebon Regency Silitonga, Irene; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli; Sulistiyani, Sulistiyani; Budiyono, Budiyono; Suhartono, Suhartono
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.27397

Abstract

Leprosy is a contagious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, which attacks the peripheral nerves and skin. This study aims to analyze whether household ventilation, housing density, window availability, wall and floor conditions, room separation, and personal hygiene behaviors are significantly associated with leprosy incidence in Cirebon regency.  This research is an analytical observational study with a case-control design, involving 77 case respondents and 77 controls randomly selected. Data were collected through observation and interviews regarding home conditions and personal habits, and then analyzed using the chi-square test. The results show that the variables of ventilation size (p-value < 0.001 and OR = 5.361), window condition (p-value < 0.001 and OR = 3.640), room separation (p-value < 0.001 and OR = 6.249), and occupancy density (p-value = 0.014 and OR = 2.387) were significantly associated with the incidence of leprosy, while floor type (p-value = 0.297 and OR = 1.539) and wall type (p-value = 0.250 and OR = 1.543) were not associated with leprosy incidence. Regarding personal hygiene factors, knowledge (p-value < 0.001 and OR = 7.125), attitude (p-value < 0.001 and OR = 6.818), shared towel use (p-value < 0.001 and OR = 5.2), and nail-cutting habits (p-value < 0.001 and OR = 3.433) had a significant effect on leprosy, while bathing frequency (p-value = 0.294 and OR = 1.539) did not show a significant relationship. The findings indicate that the physical housing environment and personal hygiene are associated with leprosy occurrence in Cirebon Regency, suggesting that control efforts should prioritize housing improvements and the promotion of proper hygiene practices Keyword: Leprosy, Physical Home Environment, Knowledge, Attitude, Personal hygiene
Factors Influencing Health Practices Among Mothers with Children Aged 0–5 Years in the Working Area of Sirait Public Health Center, Nainggolan District, Samosir Regency Bancin, Dewi R.; Sitorus, Friska Megawati; Haslin, Sharfina; Syafii, Muhammad
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26603

Abstract

Maternal and child health is an important indicator in assessing the degree of public health. The toddler period (0–5 years) is a critical period that determines the quality of life of children in the future. Samosir Regency still faces various challenges in maternal health practices, especially related to low exclusive breastfeeding coverage and posyandu visits. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence health practices among mothers with toddlers in the working area of the Sirait Community Health Center in Nainggolan District. This study is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional study design. This study was conducted in the working area of the Sirait Community Health Center in Nainggolan District, from August to September 2025. The study population consisted of all mothers with children aged 0-5 years. The study sample consisted of 120 pregnant women, as the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data analysis consisted of three stages, namely univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using chi-square, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression with a significance level of 95% (a=0.05). The results showed that the level of mothers knowledge about the concept of health (p=0.001; Exp.B=28.842), mothers perceptions of health and disease (p=0.012; Exp.B=11.184), access to health services (p=0.003; Exp.B=0.409, 95% CI: 1.323-2.445) together influence health practices among mothers with children aged 0-5 years in the working area of the Sirait Community Health Center, Nainggolan District, Samosir Regency. It can be concluded that knowledge, perception, and access to health services play an important role in shaping the health practices of mothers with young children. It is recommended that the Community Health Center and the Health Office improve maternal and child health education, expand access to services, and strengthen communication between health workers and the community to encourage the implementation of innovative health practices at the family level. Keywords: Health Practices, Knowledge, Perception, Access
The Correlation between Self-Care and Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Sei Rampa Health Center Nasution, Sri Lestari Ramadhani; Lubis, Winda Adelia; Girsang, Ermi; Sekali, Abednego Karo
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26529

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can substantially reduce patients’ quality of life (QoL). Self-care is expected to lessen this burden, but evidence across key self-care domains in primary care is still limited. This study aims to identify how strong and significant the relationship between these two variables is: self-care and quality of life. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study was conducted at the Sei Rampah Community Health Center. Quantitatively, 136 T2DM patients completed a survey; Pearson’s correlation tested associations between five self-care domains (diet, physical activity, medication therapy, availability of blood-glucose monitoring equipment, and diabetes knowledge) and QoL. Qualitatively, in-depth interviews with eight patients explored daily self-care experiences; transcripts were coded and thematically analyzed using CAQDAS/NVivo following the Miles and Huberman framework. Ethical approval was granted by Universitas Prima Indonesia.  All self-care domains were significantly associated with better QoL (p < 0.001). Interview data explained the quantitative patterns: diet adherence was constrained by financial limitations, eating habits, and limited healthy menu variety; physical activity was generally light and inconsistent due to fatigue, age, motivation, and family support; medication adherence was relatively high but lapses occurred without reminders; routine glucose monitoring was uncommon because glucometers and strips were costly and health literacy was limited; and stronger diabetes knowledge, often reinforced by family, supported more consistent self-care behaviors. Programs should strengthen feasible diet and activity routines, support adherence with reminders, expand affordable access to glucometers/strips, and intensify education by engaging family support to improve QoL. Keywords: T2DM, Self-Care, Quality of Life, Medication Adherence, Glucose Monitoring, Primary Care.
Effects of Continuing Professional Development on Nurses’ Competence in Chronic Illness Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Oxyandi, Miming; Wisuda, Aris Citra; Said, Faridah Mohd; Rivanica, Rhipiduri
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.25945

Abstract

Chronic illnesses, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, represent major global health challenges requiring sustained nursing competence. Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is promoted to enhance nurses’ knowledge, skills, and professional attitudes; however, its effectiveness in chronic illness care remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis evaluated the impact of CPD on nursing competence in managing chronic illnesses. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published between January 2019 and January 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, and cohort designs reporting competence-related outcomes following CPD interventions. Data were synthesized using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Eleven studies involving 1,362 nurses from Asia, Europe, and the Americas met the inclusion criteria. CPD showed a significant positive effect on nursing competence in chronic illness care (Hedges’ g = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.31–0.63; p < 0.001). E-learning and blended learning approaches were more effective than traditional face-to-face methods, and programs lasting more than six months produced greater improvements. Moderate heterogeneity was observed (I² = 48%), with no evidence of publication bias. The findings indicate that CPD moderately improves nursing competence, particularly when delivered through technology-enhanced and sustained educational strategies. Variations in intervention duration and learning modality may explain differences in effect sizes across studies. CPD is an effective strategy to strengthen nursing competence in chronic illness care, especially when implemented through blended or e-learning formats and extended program duration Keywords: Continuing Professional Development, Nursing, Competence, Chronic Illness Care, Meta-Analysis
The Association Between Preeclampsia and Low Birth Weight in Hospitals in Medan: A Case-Control Study Akbar, Aidil; Nasution, Muhammad Solih; Ya Habib, Alltop Amri
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26771

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a medical condition that causes increased blood pressure occurring during pregnancy, which significantly contributes to poor prenatal outcomes, such as low birth weight (LBW). In Indonesia, especially in North Sumatra, the prevalence of preeclampsia remains significant; however, data concerning its correlation with low birth weight in hospital environments is still scarce. This research was intended to ascertain the correlation between preeclampsia and the incidence of low birth weight among mothers delivering in hospitals in Medan City. A hospital-based case–control study utilized secondary data from medical records at H. Adam Malik Hospital and Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan, from January 2022 to June 2024. A total of 180 postpartum women participated, comprising 90 cases (women who gave birth to babies with low birth weight) and 90 controls (women who gave birth to babies with normal birth weight). We used multivariable logistic regression and chi-square testing to find adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A strong link existed between low birth weight and preeclampsia. Mothers with preeclampsia exhibited a significantly elevated probability of delivering low birth weight infants in comparison to those without preeclampsia (adjusted OR = 6.21; 95% CI: 3.10–12.30; p < 0.001). Advanced maternal age (>35 years) and preterm gestational age (<37 weeks) were independently correlated with low birth weight (LBW), whereas parity exhibited no significant correlation. Preeclampsia is significantly correlated with the incidence of low birth weight in mothers delivering in hospitals in Medan City. To improve maternal and child health and lower the risk of bad outcomes for newborns, it is important to improve early detection and comprehensive antenatal management of preeclampsia. Keywords: Preeclampsia, Low Birth Weight, Maternal Age, Gestational Age, Case-Control Study.
A Systematic Review of the Kano Model's Utility in Classifying Healthcare Service Attributes and Driving Patient Satisfaction Irianti, Gita Febri; Jati, Sutopo Patria; Purnami, Cahya Tri
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26442

Abstract

Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of hospital service quality, closely linked to patient loyalty, clinical outcomes, and the reputation of health institutions. However, identifying specific attributes that determine patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction remains a challenge amid the ever-evolving dynamics of healthcare services. The Kano Model offers a useful framework by categorizing service attributes according to their impact on patient satisfaction.  This study presents a systematic literature review of the model’s application in hospitals, conducted using the PRISMA protocol. Searches across PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest for publications from 2019 to 2024 yielded 17 eligible international journal articles, which were analyzed narratively to identify patterns, methods, and findings.   Results consistently revealed a hierarchy of patient needs: clinical competence, safety, and accurate information emerged as Must-be attributes, whose absence leads to strong dissatisfaction.  Communication quality, responsiveness, and service efficiency were typically One-dimensional attributes, with satisfaction rising proportionally to performance.  Digital innovations such as telehealth and personalized services often appeared as Attractive attributes, delighting patients when present but not causing dissatisfaction when absent. . Attribute classification proved dynamic, shaped by clinical context and patient demographics. Furthermore, integrating the Kano Model with frameworks such as SERVQUAL and the Balanced Scorecard enhances strategic prioritization. Several studies also demonstrated that Kano-based interventions can improve both clinical and psychological patient outcomes. Keywords: Patient Satisfaction, Hospital, Kano Model, Service Quality.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Mining Workers at PT. Manggala Alam Lestari Fernando, Jansen; Dewi, Oktavia; Mitra, Mitra; Yuita, Jasrida; Alamsyah, Agus; Rustam, Musfardi
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26746

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) among mining workers at PT Manggala Alam Lestari, Musi Banyuasin, South Sumatra, Indonesia. A retrospective case-control study was conducted using secondary data from routine Medical Check-Up (MCU) records collected between 2022 and 2024. A total of 400 workers were included, comprising 80 CVD cases and 320 controls selected using a 1:4 frequency matching strategy by age group (≤45 and >45 years) and gender. Data analysis involved univariate summaries, bivariate chi-square tests, and multivariate multiple logistic regression to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals while controlling for potential confounders, including age, gender, and work shift. Five significant modifiable risk factors were identified: obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking. Obesity showed the strongest association with CVD (aOR ≈ 9.4), followed by diabetes mellitus (aOR ≈ 8.4), hypertension (aOR ≈ 7.6), dyslipidemia (aOR ≈ 5.2), and smoking (aOR ≈ 4.0). The final logistic regression model demonstrated good performance, with a Nagelkerke R² value of 0.645, indicating that 64.5% of the variation in CVD status could be explained by these five factors, and acceptable model fit on diagnostic testing. In conclusion, obesity and other metabolic and behavioral factors are strongly associated with CVD among mining workers at this site. Targeted occupational health interventions focusing on weight management, early detection and control of metabolic disorders, and comprehensive smoking cessation programs are essential to reduce the burden of CVD in the mining industry Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease, Mining Industry, Metabolic Risk Factors, Obesity, Occupational Health
Implementation of the International Patient Safety Goals in Efforts to Reduce the Risk of Patient Falls in Hospitals: A Behavioral Perspective Indriyani, Indriyani; Shaluhiyah, Zahroh; Lestantyo, Daru
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.27069

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 134 million adverse events occur annually in hospitals in low- and middle-income countries, contributing to an estimated 2.6 million deaths. Patient falls remain one of the most frequent preventable safety incidents in hospital settings. This study aimed to analyze behavioral and organizational factors influencing nurses in implementing the International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG), particularly in fall risk prevention. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed. The study population consisted of 1,125 nurses at Hospital X, and 290 nurses were selected as the research sample using proportionate stratified random sampling based on the Lemeshow formula. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests. The results showed significant associations (p < 0.05) between knowledge, attitude, facilities and infrastructure, regulations, coworker support, leadership support, and IPSG implementation. A total of 63.8% of nurses demonstrated good IPSG implementation. Multivariate analysis identified facilities and infrastructure as the most dominant factor (p = 0.0001; OR = 4.562; 95% CI = 2.289–9.094), indicating that adequate facilities increased the likelihood of proper IPSG implementation by 4.562 times compared to inadequate facilities. In conclusion, strengthening structural readiness particularly ensuring adequate safety facilities is essential to improve IPSG implementation in fall risk prevention. However, the cross-sectional design limits causal interpretation, and self-reported data may not fully reflect actual clinical practice Keywords: International Patient Safety Goals Implementation, Fall Risk, Nurse Behaviour

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