Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development (JPH RECODE)
IRTP Keamanan Pangan Kecemasan Nomor P-IRT Pendidikan Kesehatan Pendidikan Sebaya Prenatal Yoga SADARI SPP-IRT anemia ibu hamil, Antenatal Care (ANC), tablet besi ibu hamil kekuatan otot klinik, manajemen pelayanan kesehatan, peralatan kesehatan organ genitalia eksterna pengetahuan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku personal hygiene postur kerja, housekeeping, keluhan muskuloskeletal primigravidarum remaja sie balu, pengolahan, Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli HOME ABOUT LOGIN REGISTER SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES ANNOUNCEMENTS Home > About the Journal > Journal Contact JOURNAL CONTACT MAILING ADDRESS Program Studi DiLuar Kampus Utama (PSDKU) Banyuwangi, Universitas Airlangga 18A Ikan Wijinongko, Sobo, Banyuwangi 68418 Email : jphrecode@fkm.unair.ac.id Phone : +623333381214 PRINCIPAL CONTACT Susy Katikana Sebayang, SP., M.Sc., Ph.D Editor in Chief Department of Biostatistic and Health Population, Program Studi DiLuar Kampus (PSDKU), Universitas Airlangga St. 18A Ikan Wijinongko, Sobo, Banyuwangi 68418 Program Studi DiLuar Kampus Utama (PSDKU), Universitas Airlangga 18A Ikan Wijinongko, Sobo, Banyuwangi 68418 Phone: +623333381214 Email: jphrecode@fkm.unair.ac.id SUPPORT CONTACT Ayik Mirayanti Mandagi / Eryka Maryta Videricka Phone: +6282335627806 Email: jphrecode@fkm.unair.ac.id ISSN Online ISSN Cetak JPH RECODE by PSDKU Banyuwangi, Universitas Airlangga is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. My JPHRECODE Histats
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<![CDATA[KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF HAND WASHING FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS AT MAJIRI WARD IN TANZANIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ]]>
<![CDATA[Kinemelo, Erasto]]>;
<![CDATA[Mbeho, Paschal John]]>;
<![CDATA[Saidi, Omari]]>;
<![CDATA[George, Dativa]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): March ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Alam (FIKKIA), Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jphrecode.v9i2.64440
<![CDATA[Background: Poor hand washing brings a major pathway through which fecal-oral diseases are transmitted. In low-and-middle-income countries, hand washing is still being practiced to a very low standard in particular during critical moments such as before eating and after using the toilet. The World Health Organization recommends hand washing as the best way to control diarrhea diseases among pupils. Purpose: This study aimed at assessing knowledge and practices on hand washing in primary school pupils at Majiri ward in Manyoni district council. Methods: A cross-sectional study design and multistage sampling technique from 4 primary schools were employed. 121 participants were involved in the study (117 pupils and 4 health teachers). Structured questionnaire, interview and observation methods were used in collecting data (questionnaires-pupils, interview-health teachers). SPSS software and Microsoft Excel were used for analyzing data. Results: 72% of pupils had adequate knowledge on hand washing because they knew water and soap as required to wash hands properly and 100% of pupils know that poor hand-washing cause diarrhea diseases. Hand washing practices were not done at about 98% and these pupils are more susceptible to diarrhea disease. It is because the water supply and other facilities for hand washing are limited (almost absent) at school premises. Conclusion: Hand washing practice among school pupils was too limited despite having adequate knowledge. For that focus, promoting and improving hand washing practices by implementing hand washing facilities in schools is mandatory to address the hand-washing practices gap among pupils at Majiri ward in rural areas.]]>
<![CDATA[PATIENT PRIORITY CARE APPROACH IN FRAGILE, CONFLICT AFFECTED AND VULNERABLE COUNTRIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ]]>
<![CDATA[Mukhopadhyay, Jyotishman]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): March ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Alam (FIKKIA), Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jphrecode.v9i2.63632
<![CDATA[Background: Population in fragile, conflict-affected, and vulnerable (FCV) countries are increasing gradually, which brings many considerations in providing universal healthcare. Healthcare workers in FCV regions work under trying conditions with severe socio-governmental security. Studies on healthcare services in FCV countries are scarce; therefore, appraisal of published documents adopting a prudent approach is considered to identify priority care in these countries. Purpose: This research aims to weigh up information on safe healthcare measures in FCV regions by analysis of available literature to elicit facts on safer care. Methods: Related papers were searched on the basis of ‘Reduce Avoidable Harm’ as advocated by WHO among FCV countries through search engines utilising Google Scholar from December 2023 to April 2024. Four criteria on ‘Reduce Avoidable Harm’ and five criteria on ‘Prudency selection’ were categorised using information available in literature. Twenty-two articles were considered and analysed in May-June 2024. Results: The majority of studies (36.4%) documented ‘Infection Prevention & Control’ as important; however, Context Specific Risk Management (27.3%) (CSRM) to prevent maternal & child mortality was found having higher prudency score in generalisability, feasibility, effectiveness, outcome and representativeness. Since low-middle-income countries (LMICs) are stricken with problems of high mother-child mortality, as also happens in FCV-LMICs. Conclusion: CSRM to prevent mother-child mortality was observed significantly pertinent, very alarming in LMICs and contributing around 60% of global maternal-child mortality. An urgent need is contemplated to introduce evidence-based specialist knowledge, guidance on safe healthcare including education, training, patient identification, and risk management for stakeholders.]]>
<![CDATA[SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION AWARENESS AND RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS: ARE SINGLE MALE MIGRANTS IN INDIA LEFT BEHIND? A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ]]>
<![CDATA[Kumar , M Shashi]]>;
<![CDATA[P, Seema]]>;
<![CDATA[Siraja, Ameenah Anwar Hussain]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): March ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Alam (FIKKIA), Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jphrecode.v9i2.64525
<![CDATA[Background: Single Male Migrants (SMMs) are highly vulnerable and at high risk of acquiring and spreading sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to a lack of social support networks, unstable legal status, cultural and language barriers, high mobility, stress from adapting to new environments, economic difficulties, and a lack of health insurance and education. Purpose: Our study uniquely addresses a largely overlooked population - Single Male Migrants (SMMs) in Bengaluru, India. This study is the first to assess STI awareness and risky sexual behaviors and also pinpoints the major challenges encountered by this group. These findings are instrumental in bolstering policies and services pertaining to migrant health in India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 440 SMMs from the community and Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre (ICTC), in urban Bengaluru, to assess their STI awareness and risky behaviors. Informed consent was obtained, and data were collected using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire using Epi Collect version 5 and analysed using IBM SPSS 22.0. Results: Of the 440 SMMs, only 25% had good awareness of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Around 31.8% of migrants had STI symptoms, but none received treatment. Risky sexual behaviors were noted among these single men with only few (6.3%) using condoms. Conclusion: The low STI awareness and risky behaviors among SMMs underscore the urgent need to enhance STI health education.]]>
<![CDATA[LIFESTYLE EDUCATION TO PREVENT CHRONIC DISEASES AMONG INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS IN MALAYSIA: A COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT ]]>
<![CDATA[Asmarawati, Tri Pudy]]>;
<![CDATA[Effendy, Lyndia]]>;
<![CDATA[Jonny]]>;
<![CDATA[Suidah, Hartin]]>;
<![CDATA[Thamrin, Husin]]>;
<![CDATA[Lestari, Kusuma Scorpia]]>;
<![CDATA[Kunsah, Baterun]]>;
<![CDATA[Irnandi, Dicky Faizal]]>;
<![CDATA[Trianto, Heru Fajar]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): March ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Alam (FIKKIA), Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jphrecode.v9i2.68666
<![CDATA[Malaysia is a prominent destination for Indonesian migrant workers in Southeast Asia. Despite their economic importance, migrant workers are susceptible to chronic diseases, particularly hypertension and diabetes, due to constrained access to healthcare, unhealthy behaviors, and demanding working environments. The objective of this community service initiative included the assessment of the health status of Indonesian migrant workers and the promotion of awareness through screening and educational activities. This community service program was conducted in May 2024 at Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur, in collaboration with the NGO Sharing Organization and the Indonesian Embassy. A total of 113 migrant workers participated in the event. Screening included blood pressure measurement, random blood sugar testing, eye, and reproductive health examinations. Doctoral medical students delivered a mini seminar on chronic disease prevention and management. The majority of participants were women (57%) and within the productive age group (25-55 years). Hypertension was highly prevalent (54%). The mean random blood sugar was 138 ±62.5 mg/dL). Domestic work was the most common occupation. The participants demonstrated a strong interest in health education, and feedback indicated that regular health programs would be welcomed. Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia show a high burden of hypertension and diabetes but limited disease awareness. Routine health screening, culturally appropriate education, and stronger collaboration between employers, health providers, and the Indonesian Embassy are essential to improve chronic disease prevention and sustain worker productivity.]]>
<![CDATA[THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNDERNUTRITION STATUS AND PNEUMONIA INCIDENCE AMONG UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN IN INDONESIA: AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY ]]>
<![CDATA[Faza, Talitha Nadhira]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): March ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Alam (FIKKIA), Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jphrecode.v9i2.69177
<![CDATA[Background: Pneumonia is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases and significantly contributes to children under-five’s mortality in East Java in 2021-2023. Pneumonia incidence among children under-five is caused by various factors, one of which is nutritional status which can affect the body's immune system and susceptibility to infection. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the relationship between undernutrition status and Pneumonia incidence among children under-five in East Java in 2021, 2022, and 2023. Methods: An ecological study with a descriptive and analytical approach through population correlation was used. Secondary data were retrieved from the East Java Provincial Health Profile for 2021, 2022, and 2023. The QGIS (Quantum Geographic Information System) software was used to map the distribution of undernutrition status and Pneumonia Incidence among children under-five in East Java in 2021, 2022, and 2023. The Spearman correlation test was also used to evaluate the relationship between undernutrition status and Pneumonia incidence in East Java in 2021, 2022, and 2023. Results: The results of the study revealed a significant relationship between undernutrition status and Pneumonia incidence among children under-five in East Java for all three years, with p-values of 0.002, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively (p values <α = 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant relationship between undernutrition status and Pneumonia incidence among children under-five in East Java in 2021, 2022, and 2023.]]>
<![CDATA[STRESS, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION DURING AND AFTER FOUR YEARS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY IN EASTERN INDIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Mandal, Shaswata]]>;
<![CDATA[Acharya, Rudraprasad]]>;
<![CDATA[Mandal, Meghadipa]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): March ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Alam (FIKKIA), Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jphrecode.v9i2.71677
<![CDATA[Background: Psychiatric morbidity has shown statistically significant prevalence in COVID-19 patients during and after the disease. This study focuses on assessing the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and evaluating their mental health status after four years. Purpose: The objective of the study was to grade degree of severity of depression, anxiety and stress with degree of severity of COVID-19 infection and their correlation with comorbidities and socio-demographic profiles. Methods: An observational study was conducted in COVID-19 in-patient ward. The patients were graded into mild, moderate and severe cases of COVID-19 infection. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire was used to classify subjects into normal, mild, moderate, and severe categories for each psychological domain. Various socio-demographic profiles were also recorded. IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 software was used to compare these parameters. These same patients were followed for four years to assess changes in mental health status. Results: Initially, 75.5% of patients had mild symptomatology for COVID-19 infection. There were proportionate numbers of mild, moderate and severe depression cases, whereas majority had severe anxiety in contrast to mild stress symptoms among study subjects. A significant association was found between the severity of COVID-19 infection and the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. 50 patients out of a total of 76 showed no symptoms of any mental illness after four years. Conclusion: Mental health should be prioritized at the outset to identify and safeguard those at risk and promote long-term resilience.]]>
<![CDATA[INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN PRIMARY HEALTH CENTERS: A MIXED-METHOD STUDY OF NIGERIAN HEALTH WORKERS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA STATE ]]>
<![CDATA[Subulade, Adetumi Adetunji]]>;
<![CDATA[Ogundana, Adejoke Esther]]>;
<![CDATA[Oluyide, Olumuyiwa Peter]]>;
<![CDATA[Subulade, Abiola Tolulope]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): March ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Alam (FIKKIA), Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jphrecode.v9i2.74356
<![CDATA[Background: The World Health Organization warned in its report that infections were emerging at a rate never seen before, and with increase in world travel the potential for emerging infections to spread rapidly and the cause of global epidemics is a major concern. Health workers have become victims of infectious diseases, where infection prevention and control (IPC) practices are not adequate. Purpose: This study assessed and compared IPC practices in rural and urban primary health centers (PHCs) in a south-west state in Nigeria. Methods: The study was a comparative cross-sectional study design using mixed method. Self-administered questionnaires and key-informant interview approaches were used for data collection among health workers in the PHCs in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: More health workers in the rural PHCs (96.4%) had work experience over 5 years (p=0.001) and 98.1% of those in urban PHCs with the work experience had good knowledge of IPC (p=0.027). Training on IPC was significantly associated with positive attitude in the urban (p=0.044). Work experience showed relationship with the IPC practice in the rural (p=0.000) while the knowledge showed relationships in both rural and urban PHCs. Work experience was a predictor of IPC practices in the rural (AOR=2.157, 95%, CI=1.014–9.786) and knowledge was a predictor in both rural (AOR=4.927, 95%, CI=1.453–24.524) and urban PHCs (AOR=3.273, 95%, CI=1.824–5.729). Conclusion: The health workers had good practice of IPC across the urban and rural PHCs with knowledge as a predictor.]]>
<![CDATA[MEDICATION COMPLIANCE AND THE ROLE OF MEDICATION SUPERVISOR BASED ON THE PERCEPTION OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ]]>
<![CDATA[Wulan, Dinarsih Ayuning]]>;
<![CDATA[Sofiana, Liena]]>;
<![CDATA[Oktaviana, Ardyawati Wira]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): March ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Alam (FIKKIA), Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jphrecode.v9i2.75538
<![CDATA[Background: The success of tuberculosis (TB) treatment largely depends on patient adherent to Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs. Medication supervisors play a crucial role in supporting adherence through the Directly Observed Treatment Short course. Purpose: This study aims to describe medication adherence and the role of medication supervisors based on TB patients’ perceptions. Methods: This descriptive quantitative study involved a population of 35 tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment at Depok III Health Center (27 cases) and Godean I Health Center (8 cases) from May to October 2023. A total of 31 patients with consent were included as respondents using a total sampling technique. Data on medication adherence and perceptions of the role of medication supervisors were collected through a structured questionnaire tested for validity and reliability, then analyzed descriptively. Results: The majority of respondents were male, aged 15–39 years and demonstrated a high level of medication adherence (96.8%). Respondents perceived medication supervisors as effective in reminding them to take medication and explaining treatment procedures, but less optimal in providing direct assistance, family education, and information about side effects. Conclusion: Medication adherence among TB patients in the study area was high. However, the role of medication supervisors needs to be strengthened in direct assistance, family education, and side effect management. Capacity building through structured training and supervision is required to increase the success of TB treatment.]]>
<![CDATA[COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTH PROMOTION AND COMPLIANCE IN DIABETES MELLITUS MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ]]>
<![CDATA[Yordana, Margaretha Niken]]>;
<![CDATA[Sudiman, Herman]]>;
<![CDATA[Sulistyowati, Yeny]]>;
<![CDATA[Hami, Rohayu Binti]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): March ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Alam (FIKKIA), Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jphrecode.v9i2.78682
<![CDATA[Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and low adherence to treatment and self-management. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the relationship between community-based health promotion programs and adherence to diabetes mellitus management in the Kodam VI/Mulawarman community, a regional command of the Indonesian National Armed Forces responsible for East Kalimantan and surrounding areas, in 2025. Methods: An analytic correlational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 114 patients with type 2 DM at Hesti Wira Sakti Clinic using total sampling; data were collected using structured questionnaires with Guttman and Likert scales and analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-square test, α = 0.05), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression) analyses, with ethical approval obtained from Universitas Respati Indonesia. Results: Significant associations were found between participation in health education (p = 0.001; OR = 8.050), health screening (p = 0.001; OR = 6.600), and group exercise (p = 0.003; OR = 4.020) with diabetes management adherence, and multivariate analysis identified health education as the strongest predictor (Exp(B) = 6.856). Conclusion: Active involvement in community-based health promotion programs, particularly health education, is instrumental in enhancing adherence to diabetes mellitus management within the military community.]]>
<![CDATA[ACCESS TO MATERNAL, CHILD, AND FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES AMONG PHILIPPINE CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER BENEFICIARIES IN A RURAL SETTING: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ]]>
<![CDATA[Jamandre, Jeric]]>;
<![CDATA[Calma, Ceilo Kristine]]>;
<![CDATA[Cordero, Maikko]]>;
<![CDATA[Cruz, Delsol Ann Dela]]>;
<![CDATA[Gallego, Randy Ian]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): March ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Alam (FIKKIA), Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jphrecode.v9i2.80937
<![CDATA[Background: Extreme poverty remains a persistent global challenge that limits access to essential services, including healthcare. In response, the Philippine government implemented the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), a conditional cash transfer initiative aimed at improving the well-being of impoverished households. However, empirical evidence on how the program influences healthcare access among beneficiaries in rural settings remains limited. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the accessibility of maternal and child health and family planning services among the 4Ps beneficiaries in a rural province of Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines; and to generate empirical evidence to support improvements in public health and social protection policies affecting low-income households in resource-constrained communities. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 90 program beneficiaries selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected using a validated and reliability-tested survey instrument. Descriptive statistics summarized sociodemographic data and perceptions of healthcare access, while Spearman’s rho correlation analysis examined relationships between respondents’ profiles and healthcare accessibility. Results: Maternal and child health and family planning services were generally accessible to beneficiaries. However, respondents reported that prescribed medicines unavailable in health centers were purchased out-of-pocket. No significant relationships were identified between most sociodemographic factors and healthcare access, except for a correlation between monthly income and access to family planning services (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Socioeconomic constraints, particularly income, continue to shape healthcare access among low-income families despite government assistance. The enhancement of program support mechanisms, particularly in medicine provision and reproductive health education, has the potential to augment the program's long-term public health impact.]]>
