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CORD
Published by International Coconut Community
ISSN : 02151162     EISSN : 27218856     DOI : 10.37833/cord
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science
Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 25 No 1 (2009): CORD" : 6 Documents clear
Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) on Coconut + Lanzones (Lansium domesticum Corr) Agro-ecosystem in Southern Mindanao, Philippines (1993 – 2007): with Emphasis on the Multi-Nutrient Coconut- Specific Mineral Fertilizer: Part I. Crop Productivity, Quality and Profitability Severino S. Magat; Millicent I. Secretaria; Junaldo A. Mantiquilla; Rogaciano Z. Margate
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 1 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i1.138

Abstract

A 15- year (1993-2007) long-term integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) study on coconut (‘Laguna’ tall variety) + lanzones fruit tree (‘Paete’ variety) agro-ecosystem was conducted using five fertilizer combinations (FCs) in a dominantly tropical wet climate growing zone (Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification, Kottek et al 2006) of Davao, Southern Mindanao, Philippines (07o05’N 125o37’E. One of the objectives of the study was to determine the response of this agro-ecosystem to the combined application of inorganic multinutrient fertilizer (MNF): N+P+K+Cl+S+B (14% N-5% P2O5-20% K2O, with 15.5% Cl, 4.5% S and 0.02% B) and organic fertilizer sources at different ratios by weight by tree (IF+OF at 1+0; 1+2; 2+4; 4+2 and 4+4) on: crop productivity; soil properties, and leaf nutrient levels of the agro-ecosystem. The influence of ISFM and MNF on yields and profitability of the agro-ecoystem coconut and lanzones fruit tree crop (Part I) had been presented earlier in the CORD J. (Magat et al 2009) Results as presented in the first part of the work report showed that the application of the multi-nutrient inorganic fertilizer even at its lowest rate for coconut (1 kg/tree/yr) produced a significant increase in annual nut and copra yield per ha from an average of 8,890 nuts or 1.6 tons to 3 - 4 tons after 2 years of fertilizer applications. The non-significant difference in nut and copra yields of fertilizer combinations (FCs) in almost all years showed that even with the application of FC-1 (1 kg of inorganic fertilizer), the lowest rate of the multi-nutrient fertilizer, even without organic fertilizer, an annual yield over 4 tons copra per ha (or over 17, 000 nuts per ha) was produced in most of years of production, seldom achieved in coconut farms in the country. The improvement of coconut yield and very productive lanzones fruiting stage in this cropping system may be attributed to the significant influence of fertilizer combinations on the crops’ leaf nutrient contents as N, P, K, Cl and B. The long term effect of organic fertilization contributed much to the improved or enhanced soil physical conditions as the soil bulk density. Soil chemical properties as soil acidity, organic carbon (C), organic matter, available phosphorus (P) and exchangeable potassium (K) were generally enhanced during the 15 years of coconut and lanzones cropping under ISFM with multi-nutrient fertilizer application. This long-term coconut + lanzones cropping agro-ecosystem proved to be a sustainable farming system. The proper integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) as a major component of the integrated crop management (ICM) using the PCA-formulated crop-specific-fertilizer multi-nutrient 14(N)-5(P2O5)-20(K2O)-15.5(Cl)-4.5(S)-0.02(B) even at the lowest rate of fertilization contributed to stable soils resulting to the total productivity of the coconut + lanzones fruit tree agro-ecosystem.
Preliminary Results on the Production of Heart of Coconut in Vanuatu. Effect of the Planting Density on the Yield J. -P. Labouisse; T. Sileye; C. Hamelin; Xavier Bonneau; A. Rouzière
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 1 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i1.541

Abstract

This article presents the results of a field experiment on the production of heart of coconut (HOC) in Santo Island, Vanuatu. It demonstrated that the production of HOC is possible under the conditions of northern Vanuatu without irrigation and with low inputs. Only sodium chloride was applied as a fertiliser and the use of scrap copra sacks as a mulch was proved particularly efficient to reduce the weeds invasion and to preserve moisture. In this experiments, 3 densities of planting in an equilateral pattern with a spacing of 0.8 m, 1.4 m and 2.0 m were tested, and the growth parameters of the seedlings and the yield of the final product over a period of 2 years were recorded. It appeared that the higher the density of planting, the lower the weight of each HOC and the higher the yield by area unit. Two years after planting, the yield of HOC was 11.8 MT/hectare (0.8 m spacing), 7.7 MT/hectare (1.4 m) and 6.4 MT/hectare (2.0 m) with an average weight of HOC of 688 g, 1372 g and 2330 g respectively. The market requirement for HOC individual weight must be taken into account to choose the appropriate spacing and duration of cultivation. A strong relation between the stem girth and the HOC weight that can be described in the form of an allometric equation makes easy to estimate at any time the potential yield of HOC by measuring the stem girth of the whole palm.
Feasibility of Using the Expression of the Retinoblastoma Gene as a Marker for Assessing the Embryogenic Potential of Coconut Ovary Culture P. I. P. Perera; V. Hocher; L. K. Weerakoon; D. M. D. Yakandawala; J. L. Verdeil
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 1 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i1.543

Abstract

Coconut is a monocotyledonous tree crop that is highly recalcitrant to in vitro culture conditions. Ovary culture is a promising technique for clonal propagation of coconut. A greater understanding of the fundamental aspects of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration is very important in achieving a break-through. Identification of tissues having a high embryogenic potential at an early stage is also very important to achieve a high regeneration efficiency and to avoid maintenance of non-responsive cultures for a prolonged period. In situ hybridization was employed to study the expression of CnRb gene in selected tissues, to identify a potential molecular marker to assess the embryogenic potential of coconut ovary cultures. The results revealed that in situ hybridization can be used to detect the expression of CnRb gene in the cells. It was possible to establish a relationship between the meristematic activity and expression of CnRb gene in the tissues tested. CnRb mRNAs were mainly localized in the meristematic cells and tissues such as calli and growing point of the developing shoots.
Characterization of Conserved Coconut Germplasm in Sri Lanka with Morphological Descriptors Suriya A. C. N. Perera; G. K. Ekanayake; R. B. Attanayake
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 1 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i1.544

Abstract

Characterization of conserved germplasm is of primary importance for genetic resources to be effectively used and for formulating further conservation strategies. The aim of the research reported in the current paper is to characterize 26 coconut germplasm accessions conserved ex-situ at Pottukulama field gene bank in Sri Lanka using morphological descriptors. A total of 17 stem, leaf and inflorescence traits listed for coconut by Bioversity International were scored in 30 randomly selected palms in each accession. Twenty six germplasm accessions evaluated included 5 dwarf accessions out of which 2 were of exotic origin and 21 Sri Lankan tall coconut accessions. Statistical analytical methods; principal component analysis, cluster analysis and correlation calculation were performed in Minitab version 11 while General linear models procedure and mean separation techniques were performed in SAS version 8. The first 3 principal components cumulatively explained 88.2% of the variation present among accessions. Stem, leaf characters and the length of central axis along with overlapping of male and female phases were identified as the main morphological traits distinguishing the evaluated germplasm. Talls and the dwarf groups separated clearly while the variation within the tall accessions was found to be very narrow. The exotic dwarf Brazilian green dwarf showed the highest distance with the tall accessions while the accession Brown dwarf was the furthest from the talls out of the local dwarfs indicating their potential for hybridizing with talls for maximum heterosis. Results further indicate that future germplasm collection should be based more on biased selection for distinct morphological features rather than random selections within tall populations in Sri Lanka.
Spatial Variability of Tugbok Clay Loam in a Coconut-Based Farming System (CBFS) in Davao City, Philippines L. H. Canja; E. P. Paningbatan, Jr.; R. A. Comia; W. C. Cosico; A. J. Alcantara
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 1 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i1.545

Abstract

The spatial distributions of soil physico-chemical properties were evaluated using variogram and kriging. Kriging as an interpolation technique that used variogram model of observed values was employed to determine values of a soil property at unsampled locations of the study area. Spatial variability map was then generated from the ‘kriged’ data points. Spatial variability analysis using variogram of soil properties showed spatial patterns of various levels. Spatial dependence appeared moderate for soil pH and total K in the topsoil (0-15 cm) and in subsoil (15-30 cm), weak for Bray P in the topsoil but strong for bulk density and organic matter and depth of the topsoil. Spatial variability maps of soil properties showed that the area is strongly acidic, low in organic matter and Bray P, high in total K with low bulk density values at 1.2 to 1.29 (g cm-3) and medium depth topsoil. Spatial variability maps generated by kriging are expected to provide information in precision agriculture in order to make better management decisions, reduce chemical and fertilizer costs through more efficient application, provide more accurate farm records, improve crop yield, and reduce agro-chemical pollution. Precision agriculture relies on the existence of in-field variability.
Toxins Produced by Fusarium Species in Leaf Scorch Decline Affected Coconut Palms (Cocos nucifera L.): Quantitative Analysis of Fusaric Acid, Zearalenone and T-2 P. H. A. P Siriwardhana; L. C. P. Fernando; J. M. M. A. Jayasundara
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 1 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i1.546

Abstract

Leaf Scorch Decline (LSD) is a disorder of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) prevalent in Sri Lanka, for which the etiology is yet unknown and hence a study was conducted to identify the toxins produced by Fusarium spp. associated with LSD-affected palms. Root, stem and leaf tissues of LSD-affected and healthy palms were used to analyze the toxin content. Gas Chromatographic (GC) analysis carried out for Fusaric acid (FA), Zearalenone (ZEA) and T-2 (a Trichothecene) revealed the presence of FA in stem or leaves of many affected palms, but not in any of the roots. Total FA in stem and leaves was significantly higher (p>0.01) in affected palms than in healthy palms. Healthy palms were free of FA. Although ZEA and T-2 were present in both healthy and affected palms, the only significant difference between the two groups was ZEA in stem tissues. A strong association between FA and the presence of ZEA suggest they influence the production of LSD symptoms. The similarity of symptoms of Fusarium wilt diseases in other plants and LSD are discussed.

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