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CORD
Published by International Coconut Community
ISSN : 02151162     EISSN : 27218856     DOI : 10.37833/cord
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science
Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD" : 6 Documents clear
Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) on Coconut + Lanzones (Lansium domesticum Corr) Agro-ecosystem in Southern Mindanao, Philippines (1993 – 2007): with Emphasis on the Multi-Nutrient Coconut-Specific Mineral Fertilizer*. Part II. Influence on Le Severino S. Magat
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1423.838 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i2.139

Abstract

A 15- year (1993-2007) long-term integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) study on coconut (‘Laguna’ tall variety) + lanzones fruit tree (‘Paete’ variety) agro-ecosystem was conducted using five fertilizer combinations (FCs) in a dominantly tropical wet climate growing zone (Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification, Kottek et al 2006) of Davao, Southern Mindanao, Philippines (07o05’N 125o37’E. One of the objectives of the study was to determine the response of this agro-ecosystem to the combined application of inorganic multinutrient fertilizer (MNF): N+P+K+Cl+S+B (14% N-5% P2O5-20% K2O, with 15.5% Cl, 4.5% S and 0.02% B) and organic fertilizer sources at different ratios by weight by tree (IF+OF at 1+0; 1+2; 2+4; 4+2 and 4+4) on: crop productivity; soil properties, and leaf nutrient levels of the agro-ecosystem. The influence of ISFM and MNF on yields and profitability of the agro-ecoystem coconut and lanzones fruit tree crop (Part I) had been presented earlier in the CORD J. (Magat et al 2009) Results as presented in the first part of the work report showed that the application of the multi-nutrient inorganic fertilizer even at its lowest rate for coconut (1 kg/tree/yr) produced a significant increase in annual nut and copra yield per ha from an average of 8,890 nuts or 1.6 tons to 3 - 4 tons after 2 years of fertilizer applications. The non-significant difference in nut and copra yields of fertilizer combinations (FCs) in almost all years showed that even with the application of FC-1 (1 kg of inorganic fertilizer), the lowest rate of the multi-nutrient fertilizer, even without organic fertilizer, an annual yield over 4 tons copra per ha (or over 17, 000 nuts per ha) was produced in most of years of production, seldom achieved in coconut farms in the country. The improvement of coconut yield and very productive lanzones fruiting stage in this cropping system may be attributed to the significant influence of fertilizer combinations on the crops’ leaf nutrient contents as N, P, K, Cl and B. The long term effect of organic fertilization contributed much to the improved or enhanced soil physical conditions as the soil bulk density. Soil chemical properties as soil acidity, organic carbon (C), organic matter, available phosphorus (P) and exchangeable potassium (K) were generally enhanced during the 15 years of coconut and lanzones cropping under ISFM with multi-nutrient fertilizer application. This long-term coconut + lanzones cropping agro-ecosystem proved to be a sustainable farming system. The proper integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) as a major component of the integrated crop management (ICM) using the PCA-formulated crop-specific-fertilizer multi-nutrient 14(N)-5(P2O5)-20(K2O)-15.5(Cl)-4.5(S)-0.02(B) even at the lowest rate of fertilization contributed to stable soils resulting to the total productivity of the coconut + lanzones fruit tree agro-ecosystem.
Quest for Better Technology: Case of Brown Coir Fibre Industry in Sri Lanka K. V. N. N. Jayalath; U. K. Jayasinghe-Mudalige
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (349.893 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i2.140

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a number of attributes (a = 23) upon 5 major factors (Labor, Land and Capital, Machine, Technical and Market) that influence a selection of a particular technology to manufacture brown coir fibre in Sri Lanka (i.e. Sri Lankan Drum Pairs, Defibering Machine, D1 Machine). A cross section of owners of fibre mills (n = 30) located in the Kurunegaka, Puttlam and Gampaha districts were selected and a personal interview with each mill owner was carried out with the help of a structured questionnaire from May to June 2008 to collect data. The Semantic Differential Analysis techniques were employed to find the relative strength of the attributes of 5 factors considered in the analysis, where the responses were recorded on a seven-point bipolar scale. The “XLStat” software was used extensively to plot the relationships between the 23 attributes and 3 technologies. The results suggest that all three technologies are negatively perceived by the coir fibre millers on land and capital, and machine subsets. Further millers had negative perception on attributes related to labor subset of Sri Lankan Drum Pair technology. However, they hold the view that high quality of the bristle fibre extracted by this machine is not comparable with that extracted using any other technologies. The millers’ perception on technical and market attributes of the three different technologies was better than on other attributes. The results imply that policymakers should, more specifically, take into account the issues related to capital, machine and labor as they advise coir fibre manufactures about possible technology transfer, in order to avoid potential failures in these markets (i.e. plant-exit) and government policy (i.e. non-compliance).
Sustainable Development and Application of Bio – Energy in Coconut Plantations H.A.J. Gunathilake
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (315.812 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i2.141

Abstract

One hectare of coconut land (156 palms ha-1) planted with gliricidia (2250 trees ha-1 into double rows in avenues of coconut), available natural pasture and outside supplied paddy straw coupled with six buffaloes were mixed into a farming model to examine total productivity and potential of green energy production by wood and biogas. Six buffaloes were maintained in a shed and the manure was collected for biogas generation. Biogas was purified from H2S and the bio fuel was used to run a 0.75 hp engine. Wood of gliricidia was used to energize a 3.5 kW gassifire-engine system for generating electricity. Productivity of gliricidia in the 3rd year was 4.5 kg wood (at 20% moisture) and 3.5 kg of fresh foliage per tree/year. Each buffalo produced an average of 622 liters of milk at the first lactation (for a period of 10 months) and value of a calf was Rs. 41244.00 at the age of 17 months. Soils of the model were enriched by adding the effluent of biogas digester. The soil fertility (N, P, K, Mg, moisture holding capacity) improved significantly over soils sampled outside the model. The effluent of biogas was more fertile than dried buffalo dung. As a result, nut yield of coconut palms increased from 30 to 60 nuts palm-1 year-1 over a period of two years. In green energy production, the dung of six buffaloes passed through a 0.5 kW biogas-engine system generator produced 2 kwh of electricity per day which if generated by diesel driven generator would require 0.9 liters of diesel. The annual generation of electricity from the biogas amounted to 700 kwh. On the other hand, gliricidia wood of one hectare of coconut land was sufficient to energize 3.5 kW gassifire – engine – generator set for 1600 hours/year and this was equivalent to 5000 kwh of electricity (kWh). Thus, one hectare of coconut/gliricidia/natural pasture/paddy straw with six buffaloes was able to produce green energy equivalent to 5700 units of electricity (kWh) or 2,565 liters of diesel, in addition to farm income derived from coconut, buffalo milk and other benefits of buffalo farming. The total return (coconut, selling of calves, buffalo milk and bio fertilizer) added up to Rs. 704,070 ha-1 year-1. The feasibility of this model for adoption by small farmers of the coconut triangle in Sri Lanka is presented on the basis of this study.
Sugar Cane Cake and Mineral Fertilizers on Coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) Seedlings Luiz Gonzaga Bione Ferraz; Ademar Barros da Silva; José Nunes Filho; Antonio Raimundo de Sousa; Venézio Felipe dos Santos
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (296.614 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i2.142

Abstract

High quantities of mineral fertilizers (MF) are required for good coconut seedling production, whose up dated recommendation is 232 grams per seedling. The objective of this work was to assess the substitution of the MF by organic fertilizer as sugar-cane filter cake (SCFC) on coconut seedlings in polybag. The SCFC is an organic residue from sugar-cane manufacturing composed of various chemical elements, as for instance: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The experiment was carried out at the Itapirema Research Station, Goiana, Pernambuco State, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design, with factorial disposition 52, replicated three times, with six tall coconut seedlings per plot. The treatments were the combinations of five doses of MF (in g seedling-1): 46.25; 92.50; 138.75; 185.00 and control, using urea, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride at the proportion of 1:2:3, respectively, and five doses of SCFC (in kg polybag-1): 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and control. Eight months after young coconut seedlings replacement to the polybags the following parameters were measured: collar girth (CG), leaf area (LA), number of live leaves (NL) and plant height (PH). For leaf nutritional diagnosis and growing media chemical and physical analyses, samples were collected. There was significance for the two factors, individually, to all parameters. The trend analysis revealed linear, quadratic and cubic responses, according to the studied character. The mixture of 0.5 kg of SCFC polybag-1 plus 46.25 g of the MF was sufficient for obtaining seedlings of excellent quality and promoting a fertilizers economy around 80%. According to other results from this research, the number of seedlings per plot and the critical level of nutrients in the leaf of coconut seedlings should be reviewed.
Nutritional Composition of Dikiri Coconut K.D.P.P. Gunathilake
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (136.92 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i2.143

Abstract

Dikiri, an abnormal type of coconut found mainly in the southern part of Sri Lanka, was analyzed for its proximate composition, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamin C and fatty acid profile. Pectin was isolated and characterized (moisture, ash, acetyl value, methoxyl value, equivalent value) from dikiri coconut. Dikiri coconut contains 38.91± 0.9%, 2.95 ± 0.2%, 58.21± 3.6%, 17.62 ± 0.2%, 6.63 ± 0.3% and14.59% dry matter, ash, crude fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate respectively. The main dietary fiber components of Dikiri coconut were pectin and hemicellulose while that of normal coconut was cellulose. Lignin content was significantly lower in the kernel of dikiri coconut(3.98±0.9) than normal coconut kernel(6.14±0.7%). Equivalent weight, methoxyl value, moisture, ash and acetyl value of dikiri pectin were 1052.7 ± 11.08, 8.72 ± 0.25, 85.8 ±1.65, 0.8 ± 0.04 and 0.09 ± 0.01 respectively. The main mineral found in dikiri was potassium. Vitamin C content of dikiri coconut was 2.32 mg/100g. The fatty acids composition of dikiri was similar to normal coconut and saturated fatty acids constituted nearly 90% of total fatty acids and lauric acid is the main fatty acid followed by myristic acid.
Properties of Malaysian Solid Coco-Lumber Khairul, M.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (267.495 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i2.144

Abstract

Solid coco-lumber is relatively a new raw material in Malaysia’s furniture industry. However, different situations can be seen in the Philippines and Indonesia as they are actively producing and marketing coconut wood-based products. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties such as moisture content, basic density, Modulus of Rupture (MOR), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), shear stress, compression parallel to the grain, thickness swelling and water absorption properties of Malaysian solid coco-lumber were determined. The solid coco-lumber was divided into inner and outer parts and were tested under two different conditions i.e. green and air-dry conditions. The study showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the air-dried outer part of the solid coco-lumber were 50% higher compared to the inner part under both conditions. The results proved that the properties of coconut wood tested are very useful to the emerging coco-lumber based furniture industry in Malaysia.

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