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Buletin Palma
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 1979679X     EISSN : 25287141     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Buletin Palma memuat artikel hasil-hasil penelitian kelapa dan palma lainnya. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Bulletin of Palma is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes significant and important research finding on coconut and other palm research results. SCOPE Scope of Bulletin of Palma are: 1. Scope of science: Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Socio-Economics, Agronomy, Bioetechnology, Plant Breeding, Plant pathology, Plant Protection, Plant Physiology, Soil Science, Seed Technology, Primary Post Harvest, Climate science, Genetic resources, Entomology,Farming system, Environment, Agricultural extension 2. Scope of commodities : spice, medicinal, aromatic and industrial crops The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 8 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 15, No 1 (2014): Juni, 2014" : 8 Documents clear
Varietas Unggul Sagu Selatpanjang Meranti HENGKY NOVARIANTO; MEITY A. TULALO; JEANETTE KUMAUNANG; CHANDRA INDRAWANTO
Buletin Palma Vol 15, No 1 (2014): Juni, 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (333.429 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v15n1.2014.47-55

Abstract

Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti, Provinsi Riau merupakan salah satu daerah penghasil pati sagu utama di Indonesia. Luas tanaman sagu di Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti adalah 50.000 ha. Penelitian sagu di Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti dilakukan sejak tahun 2011-2013. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui potensi produksi pati sagu lokal. Metode penelitian menggunakan observasi langsung populasi sagu di Pulau Tebing Tinggi, Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti. Lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Barat dan Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Timur. Rancangan pengujian dengan menetapkan populasi sagu contoh, pohon sagu contoh, dan diamati karakteristik morfologi serta produksi pati dan analisis proksimat pati sagu serta analisis tanah tempat tumbuh sagu. Hasil penelitian jenis-jenis sagu yang tumbuh di Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti ditemukan tiga aksesi sagu, yaitu Sagu Duri, sagu tidak berduri (sagu Bemban), dan sagu berduri jarang (sagu Sangka). Dari ketiga jenis sagu ini ternyata penyebaran terluas dan terbanyak diolah masyarakat adalah jenis sagu Duri. Hasil penelitian pada jenis sagu Duri di tiga lokasi berbeda selama tiga tahun memperlihatkan bahwa produksi pati sagu beragam antara 134,53 kg – 354,61 kg pati sagu kering/pohon, dengan rata-rata produksi 226,34 (+ 56,03) kg/pohon. Dari tiga lokasi sagu yang diteliti diketahui bahwa populasi sagu di Desa Darul Takzim, Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Barat, secara umum produktivitas pati sagunya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan populasi sagu di Desa Sungai Tohor dan Desa Tanjung. Hasil analisis proksimat memperlihatkan bahwa pati sagu Selatpanjang memiliki kandungan karbohidrat 88,19%, dengan kadar air 10,36%. Kata kunci : Sagu, aksesi, karakter vegetatif, pati sagu, proksimat, varietas unggul.ABSTRACTSuperior Variety Sago Selatpanjang MerantiMeranti Islands Regency, Riau Province is one of the main producing areas of sago starch in Indonesia. Sago palm area in Meranti Islands Regency is 50,000 ha. Research sago in Meranti Islands Regency conducted since 2011-2013. The purpose of the research is to know the starch yield potential of local sago. The method used was direct observation in the Tebing Tinggi island population sago, Meranti Islands Regency. Location of the study in the district of West and East Tebing Tinggi . The observation were done on morphological characteristics and production of sago starch. The other data that observed were sago starch proximate analysis and the analysis of soil where sago grows. The research results on sago variety at Meranti Islands Regency were found three accessions sago, such as Spiny sago, Unspiny sago (sago Bemban), and rarely spiny sago (sago Sangka). Spiny Sago was found spread widest and most cultivated. The results of research on the spiny sago in three different locations over three years showed that sago starch production varied between 134.53 kg - 354.61 kg of dry sago starch /tree, with an average production of 226.34 ( + 56.03 ) kg/tree. Productivity of population Sago in the village of Darul Takzim, District Tebing Tinggi West, was known contain starch higher than sago population in the village of Sungai Tohor and Tanjung. The results of the proximate analysis showed that sago starch of Selatpanjang variety (spiny sago) has 88.19 % carbohydrate , with a water content of 10.36%.
Konservasi Kecambah Aren dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Aren YULIANUS R. MATANA; ENDAH R. PALUPI
Buletin Palma Vol 15, No 1 (2014): Juni, 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v15n1.2014.64-74

Abstract

Penelitian telah dilakukan di Laboratorium IPB Leuwikopo Dramaga, dengan tujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh teknik konservasi kecambah aren terhadap pertumbuhan bibit aren. Benih yang digunakan berasal dari Sulawesi Utara lalu dikecambahkan selama 1-2 minggu hingga ukuran apokol mencapai 2,0 – 3,5 cm. Penelitian percobaan disusun dalam rancangan split plot berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdidi atas dua faktor. Faktor utama adalah teknik konservasi kecambah aren (P), faktor anak petak adalah lama konservasi (K). Teknik konservasi kecambah terdiri atas tujuh perlakuan, yaitu (P0) dikemas dalam kantong plastik (kontrol), (P1) menggunakan arang sekam kadar air 10%, (P2) menggunakan arang sekam kadar air 20%, (P3) menggunakan arang sekam kadar air 30%, (P4) menggunakan serbuk gergaji kadar air 10%, (P5) menggunakan serbuk gergaji kadar air 20% dan (P6) menggunakan serbuk gergaji kadar air 30%. Lama konservasi terdiri atas tiga perlakuan, yaitu (K0) tanpa konservasi, (K1) 1 minggu konservasi dan (K2) 2 minggu konservasi. Secara keseluruhan terdapat 21 kombinasi perlakuan. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga diperoleh 63 satuan percobaan, setiap satuan percobaan terdiri atas 10 kecambah aren sehingga dibutuhkan 630 kecambah aren. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arang sekam dengan kadar air 20% dan 30% dapat digunakan sebagai media pengiriman kecambah aren dengan jangka waktu dua minggu. Kualitas terbaik bibit aren dihasilkan dari kecambah yang dikonservasi dengan arang sekam dengan kadar air 20% dan 30%. Kata kunci : Kecambah aren, konservasi dan serbuk gergaji.ABSTRACTThe conservation technique of seedling and impact to growth of sugar palm seedlingsThe study was conducted in the Laboratory of seed Science and technology IPB Leuwikopo Dramaga, the aim of this research was to knowed effect of techniques conservation seedling to growth of sugar palm seedling. Seeds were taken from the North Sulawesi and germinated for 1-2 weeks until long apokol 2.0 - 3.5 cm. The research was done in a split plot design based on randomized complete block design (RAK) with two factors. The main factor is the conservation techniques seedlings (P), subplot factor is time conservation (K). The Conservation techniques was seven treatments i.e packed in plastic bags (PO=controls), using rice husk content of 10%(P1), using rice husk moisture content of 20%(P2), using rice husk moisture content 30% (P3), using saw dusk moisture content 10%(P4), using saw dusk moisture content 20% (P5) and using using saw dusk moisture content 30%(P6). The Time conservation treatment which consists of three i.e without conservation (KO), one week conservation (K1) and two weeks of conservation (K2). Overall there were 21 treatment combinations. Each treatment was repeated three times to obtain 63 experimental units, each unit consisting of 10 seedlings that required 630 seedlings. The results showed that the husk charcoal with water content of 20% and 30% can be used as a delivery medium seedling with duration of two weeks. The best quality seedlings are produced from rice husk with water content 20% and 30%.
Serangan Hama Penggerek Bunga Batrachedra sp. (Lepidoptera : Batrachedridae) dan Musuh Alami Ancistrocerus sp. pada Tanaman Pinang nFn SALIM; MELDY L.A. HOSANG
Buletin Palma Vol 15, No 1 (2014): Juni, 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v15n1.2014.75-81

Abstract

Pengembangan tanaman pinang mengalami kendala antara lain karena serangan hama yang mengakibatkan kuantitas dan kualitas buah berkurang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat serangan hama Batrachedra sp. dan musuh alami Ancistrocerus sp. pada aksesi Huntu dan Mongkonai. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret hingga Agustus 2012, di Kebun Percobaan Kayuwatu dan di Laboratorium Entomologi dan Fitopatologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma. Penelitian dilakukan dalam bentuk observasi. Jumlah pohon contoh setiap aksesi sebanyak 20 pohon diambil secara acak. Parameter yang diamati adalah tingkat serangan hama Batrachedra sp. pada tandan bunga, jumlah larva yang terdapat dalam bunga jantan dan jumlah Ancistrocerus sp. yang berkunjung pada aksesi Huntu dan Mongkonai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serangan tertinggi terjadi pada aksesi Huntu 61,25% dan terendah Mongkonai 47,15%. Populasi larva terbanyak pada aksesi Huntu, yaitu pada bunga jantan terbuka dan segar dengan rata-rata 9,7 ekor larva per bunga, larva paling sedikit pada bunga jantan yang sudah kering dengan rata-rata 1,8 ekor larva per bunga. Larva tidak ditemukan pada bunga jantan yang belum terbuka. Untuk aksesi Huntu, kunjungan awal musuh alami Ancistrocerus sp. pada minggu ke 3 setelah pecah seludang (SPS), yaitu 0,3 ekor per tandan dan kunjungan terbanyak pada minggu ke 5 SPS dengan jumlah 3,15 ekor per tandan. Mongkonai kunjungan awal terjadi pada minggu ke 2 SPS dengan 0,25 ekor per tandan dan kunjungan terbanyak pada minggu ke 4 SPS dengan jumlah 2,4 ekor per tandan. Kata kunci : Aksesi, pinang, Batrachedra sp., persentase serangan, Ancistrocerus sp.ABSTRACTAttack of Flowers borer Batrachedra sp. (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) and Natural Enemies Ancistrocerus sp. on ArecanutArecanut development have problems such as pest attac wich reduced their quantity and quality. The research intended to determine the percentage of Batrachedra sp. attack and natural enemy Ancistrocerus sp. on Huntu and Mongkonai accessions. The research was conducted from March to August 2012 at the Kayuwatu Experiment garden and Entomology and Phytopathology Laboratories, Indonesian Palm Crops Research Institute. Research method was conducted in the form of observation. Number of samples of each accession of 20 trees were taken at random. Parameters to calculate the percentage of Batrachedra sp. attack in the bunches of flowers, the number of larvae in male flowers and the number of visiting predators Ancistrocerus sp. on Huntu and Mongkonai accessions. The results showed highest attack percentage was 61.25 % and found at Huntu accession, while the lowest at Mongkonai accession with 47.15 %. The most larvae population can be found at freshly opened male flowers with an average of 9.7 larvae each flower, while dried male flowers is about 1.8 larvae each flower and there were no larvae in un opened flower. Initial visit of the predator Ancistrocerus sp. at Huntu accession is third week after sheath opened (SPS) with average visit is 0,3 predators each bunch, the highest visiting in fifth week after sheath opened with average visit 3,15 predators each bunch. Initial visit at Mongkonai occured in second week after sheath opened with average visit is 0,25 predator each bunch the highest visit in fourth week after sheath opened with average visit is 2,4 predator each bunch.
Biologi dan Tabel Hidup Hama Brontispa longissima var. longissima Gestro (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) pada Tanaman Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) nFn RAHMA; JELFINA C ALOUW
Buletin Palma Vol 15, No 1 (2014): Juni, 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v15n1.2014.33-39

Abstract

Hama B. longissima var. longissima Gestro telah dikategorikan sebagai spesies invasif dan hama utama tanaman kelapa karena potensinya dalam menurunkan produksi tanaman kelapa dan menyebabkan kematian tanaman muda, serta kecepatan penyebarannya ke beberapa negara di kawasan Pacifik, Asia Tenggara, dan Asia Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi dan memutakhirkan data karakteristik biologi serta memprediksi populasi hama B. longissima var. longissima Gestro. Kegiatan penelitian dimulai pada bulan November 2010 sampai bulan Maret 2012 di Laboratorium Entomologi pada Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma, Manado. Populasi B. longissima dikumpulkan dari tanaman kelapa yang terserang di lapangan kemudian semua tahap perkembangannya dipelihara di laboratorium. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap 100 individu telur hasil pemeliharaan di laboratorium. Parameter pengamatan meliputi pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan kemampuan hidup setiap tahap perkembangan serta tabel hidup untuk memprediksi kecepatan perkembangannya di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siklus hidup hama B. longissima var. longissima mulai dari telur sampai imago meletakkan telur pertama kali berlangsung sekitar 74,32 hari. B. longissima var. longissima diperkirakan bisa memiliki empat generasi per tahun di lapangan jika lingkungan dalam keadaan optimal. Lama hidup larva dan imago sebagai tahap perkembangan hama yang merusak tanaman bisa mencapai 231 hari, atau 1,7 kali lebih lama dari yang dilaporkan sebelumnya. Laju reproduksi bersih (Ro) berkisar 75,16 sedangkan rataan masa generasi (T) berkisar 91,62 hari dan laju pertambahan intrinsik (r) sebesar 0,05. Populasi cenderung meningkat pada generasi berikutnya jika peran faktor-faktor pengendali populasi diabaikan. Kata kunci: Brontispa longissima var. longissima, kelapa, biologi, tabel hidup.ABSTRACTBiology and Life Table of Brontispa longissima var. longissima Gestro (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera)Brontispa longissima var. longissima has emerged as an invasive species and major pest of coconut and other palms due to a combination of its high capacity to inflict economic damage and distribution to the Pacific, Southeast and East Asia. The present study was done to confirm its current biology, and study the life table for estimating its developmental rate in the field. The study was conducted at Entomology laboratory of Indonesia Palmae research institute, Manado from November 2010 to March 2012. B. longissima population were collected from coconut palms attacked by the insects in the field. All of the collected developmental stages were reared on young coconut leaflet under laboratory condition. Observation was done on 100 laboratory-reared eggs. Growth, development, longevity of each developmental stages, and life table for predicting developmental rate of the insect in the field were observed. The life cycle of B. longissima var. longissima was about 74,32 days from eggs to pre-oviposition period. The length of time needed by larval and adult as damaging developmental stages of the insect complete their development in coconut leaves was231 days, which is 1,7 times higher than the previous reports. The net reproduction rate (Ro) was 75,16, whereas the mean length of a generation (T) was 91,62 days, and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) was 0,05 per day. Lack of the control measure to the population of Brontispa would lead to the increase of the population over time.
Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang Batu Bara untuk Pengembangan Sagu NURHAINI MASHUD; ENGELBERT MANAROINSONG
Buletin Palma Vol 15, No 1 (2014): Juni, 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v15n1.2014.56-63

Abstract

Program Pemerintah Daerah Kutai Timur yang dikenal dengan Gerakan Daerah Pembangunan Agribisnis (GERDABANGAGI) ditujukan untuk pemberdayaan masyarakat dan mewajibkan perusahaan pertambangan untuk mereklamasi lahan bekas tambang untuk peningkatan produksi pertanian. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesesuaian lahan bekas tambang batubara untuk pengembangan sagu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan tahun 2011 hingga 2013 di lahan bekas tambang batubara PT. Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC) Sangatta, Kutai Timur, Kalimantan Timur. Pengambilan contoh tanah untuk analisis sifat-sifat kimia dan sifat fisik dilakukan di lima lokasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemasaman (pH) tanah di lima lokasi bekas tambang batubara tergolong sangat masam hingga agak masam (4,10-6,46), C-organik rendah-tinggi (0,48-4,82%), kandungan bahan organik rendah-tinggi (1,85-8,30%), ratio C/N rendah-sedang (12,47-22,9), N total sangat rendah-sedang (0,08-0,21%), P tersedia rendah (3,52-7,72 ppm), K tersedia tinggi (11,47-92,80 ppm dan kandungan logam berat Pb rendah (4,87-11,40 ppm). Lahan bekas tambang batubara dapat dikem-bangkan sebagai lahan pertanian menggunakan tanaman sagu dengan pemupukan seimbang. Kata kunci : Kesesuaian, lahan, tambang batubara, pengembangan, sagu.ABSTRACTUtilization of Coal Mined Land for the Development of Sago PalmLocal Government of East Kutai program known as the Regional Movement Agribusiness Development (GERDABANGAGI) aimed for empowering the community and require mining companies to reclaim mined lands to increase agricultural production. The research aims to identify the suitability of the coal mined land for development of sago palm. The study was conducted by using descriptive method. The study was conducted in 2011 to 2013 in coal mining area of PT. Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC), Sangatta, East Kutai, East Kalimantan. Soil sampling for analysis of chemical properties and physical properties carried out in five locations. The results showed that the level of acidity (pH) of the soil at the five sites of a former coal mine very sour to slightly acid (4.10 to 6.46), C-organic low to high (0.48 to 4.82%), the content organic matter low to high (1.85 to 8.30%), the ratio of C/N low to moderate (12.47 to 22.9), total N was very low to moderate (0.08 to 0.21%), available P is very low (3.52 to 7.72 ppm), available K is very low (11.47 to 92.80 ppm) and a low content of heavy metals Pb (4.87 to 11.40 ppm). The cultivated of coal mined land that should be done if it will be used for the development of sago palm is organic fertilizer at five sites, liming and N fertilization at Panle 7 Surya, Dirty Coal, and Sepaso Selatan, P and K fertilization at five study sites. Mined land can be developed as agricultural land use sago plants with a balance fertilizer. Keywords: Suitability;land;coal mining;development, sago.
Karakteristik Generasi Selfing Kelapa Dalam Mapanget untuk Seleksi Pohon Induk Sumber Polen WEDA MAKARTI MAHAYU; HENGKY NOVARIANTO
Buletin Palma Vol 15, No 1 (2014): Juni, 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v15n1.2014.24-32

Abstract

Kelapa Dalam Mapanget (DMT) adalah hasil seleksi massa positif dan negatif terhadap karakter produksi dari 100 pohon terpilih di Kecamatan Mapanget, Sulawesi Utara. Beberapa nomor terpilih yang teridentifikasi potensi hasil tinggi adalah DMT-10, DMT-32, dan DMT-55 yang selanjutnya di-selfing hingga generasi keempat. Kemajuan seleksi dan peningkatan homozigositas kelapa DMT selfing diharapkan dapat meningkatkan potensi produksi varietas hibrida yang dihasilkan dengan pertambahan tinggi batang lambat dan seragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman karakter morfologi kelapa Dalam Mapanget generasi OP, S3 dan S4 sebagai panduan dalam seleksi pohon induk sumber polen dalam perakitan kelapa hibrida. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di KP. Kayuwatu dan KP. Kima Atas BalitPalma, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara pada bulan September hingga November 2013. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter vegetatif, generatif dan produksi dan dihitung nilai rata-rata, standar deviasi dan koefisien keragamannya. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa koefisien keragaman karakter pada generasi selfing ketiga dan keempat Kelapa DMT pada umumnya meningkat bila dibanding dengan populasi menyerbuk terbuka. Nilai KK sedang hingga tinggi pada populasi Kelapa DMT-S3 adalah: jumlah buah/tandan (sedang), jumlah bunga betina/mayang (sedang), tebal tangkai mayang (sedang). Sedangkan pada populasi kelapa DMT-S4 adalah: jumlah tandan/pohon (sedang), jumlah buah/tandan (sedang), jumlah bunga betina/mayang (tinggi) dan tinggi batang bebas daun (sedang). Karakter yang mengalami peningkatan nilai rata-rata sebagai dampak dari kemajuan seleksi pada perlakuan selfing adalah: jumlah daun, jumlah anak daun, lebar anak daun, panjang anak daun, jumlah buah/tandan (S3), jumlah tandan/pohon, berat buah utuh (S4), berat buah tanpa sabut (S4), berat tempurung (S4), berat air (S4), berat daging buah. Kata kunci: Seleksi massa, penyerbukan sendiri, efek silangdalam, populasi silangdalam.ABSTRACTCharacteristic of Mapanget Tall Selfed Generation for Coconut Parent Selection as Pollen SourceMapanget tall (DMT) coconut variety originated from positive and negative mass selection of 100 coconut provenance based of production in the Mapanget District, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Some of the selected palms were high yielding, such as: DMT-10, DMT-32, and the DMT-55. Self pollination up to the fourth generations was carried out from those three provenance. The objectives of this study were to determine morphological character variations among Mapanget Tall coconut of OP, S3 and S4 generation that can be used to select pollen sources parents for developing more uniform and high yielding coconut hybrid. The research was conducted in the Kayuwatu and Kima Atas Experimental Garden, Indonesia Palm Research Institute, North Sulawesi Province in September to November 2013. The data collected include vegetative, generative, and yield characters. Means, standard deviation and coefficient of variance (cv) for each characters were calculated for each of the parameters. Results of the evaluations indicated selfing to the third and fourth generation showed higher coefficient of variability for the observed characters than that of open pollinated Mapanget coconut populations. The cv was moderate in the S3 population for parameters of harvested fruits per bunch (medium), female flowers per bunch (medium), and stalk thichnes (medium). While the S4 population are: bunch per palm (medium), harvested fruits per bunch (medium), female flowers per bunch (high) and plant height (medium). The following characters have higher means in the selfed population: leaf number per palm, leaflet number, leaf width, leaf length, harvested fruits per bunch (S3), bunch per palm, whole fruit weight (S4), nut weight (S4), shell weight (S4), coconut milk weigth (S4), meat weight.
Produksi Tanaman Nipah di Sungai Tello Sulawesi Selatan DEDI SOLEH EFFENDI; NURYA YUNIYATI; H.T LUNTUNGAN
Buletin Palma Vol 15, No 1 (2014): Juni, 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v15n1.2014.82-85

Abstract

Tanaman nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) tumbuh rapat di sepanjang bantaran sungai dekat muara membentuk komunitas tanaman dalam jumlah yang besar. Kelebihan tanaman nipah dibanding dengan tanaman lain dalam hal produksi nira, yaitu nira yang dihasilkan tanaman nipah dapat berkesinambungan. Tanaman yang ditanam cukup sekali saja dalam kurun waktu yang panjang dan dapat terus menghasilkan produksi nira dari populasi yang ada. Kegiatan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi tanaman nipah dalam hal produksi nira, lama penyadapan dan kadar gula agar dapat memberikan informasi kepada petani dan pengusaha. Penelitian dilakukan di Sungai Tello, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan pada bulan April 2011 sampai bulan Desember 2012. Bahan penelitian menggunakan tanaman nipah dalam satu hamparan yang dibagi kedalam lima klaster. Produksi nira nipah beragam antar kluster, produksi yang tertinggi pada kluster K2 (40,461 l/bahan), sedangkan terendah pada kluster K4 (8,156 l/bahan). Lama penyadapan nira nipah beragam antar kluster, penyadapan paling lamapada kluster K2 (37,4 hari/periode penyadapan), sedangkan terendahpada kluster K4. Kadar gula nira beragam antar kluster, kadar gula tertinggi kluster K4 pada penyadapan sore hari (17,6%). Kata kunci : Nipah, produksi nira, kadar nira, gula, penyadapan, klaster.ABSTRACTProduction of Nipah Palm in Tello River of South SulawesiNypa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurm.) growed tightly along the riverbanks near estuary forming plant population in large numbers. Nypa plants have the advantage compare to other palms in the production of sap which is sustain. This plant just once planted and the long period of time can continue to produce sap from existing populations. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of palm plants in the production of sap, tapping period and sugar content in order to provide information to farmers and entrepreneurs. The study was conducted in River Tello, South Sulawesi Province from April 2011 to December 2012. The research material used in one population Nypa plants and divided into five clusters. Productions of palm sap vary between clusters, the highest production in the cluster K2 (40.461 l /material), while the lowest in the cluster K4 (8.156 l/material). Period tapping palm sap varied between clusters, the longest tapping in clusters K2 (37.4 days/period tapping), while the lowest in K4 cluster. Sap sugar levels vary between clusters, the highest sugar content tapping was found in cluster K4 on the afternoon (17.6%).
Skrining Marka SSR Untuk Analisis Diversitas Genetik Aksesi Kelapa Sawit TASMA, I MADE
Buletin Palma Vol 15, No 1 (2014): Juni, 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v15n1.2014.1-13

Abstract

Analisis diversitas genetik memfasilitasi pemilihan tetua untuk program pemuliaan kelapa sawit. Penggunaan marka SSR meningkatkan akurasi dan kecepatan analisis filogenetik aksesi kelapa sawit. Sebagai penanda genetik, marka SSR memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan marka DNA lainnya (AFLP, RAPD, dan RFLP) karena marka SSR polimorfisme alelnya tinggi, bersifat kodominan, berdistribusi hampir merata pada genom, ekonomis dalam pengujiannya, dan mampu mendeteksi keragaman genetik aksesi dengan tingkat kekerabatan dekat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk (1) mendapatkan marka SSR yang dapat digunakan untuk analisis diversitas genetik aksesi-aksesi kelapa sawit; (2) menguji marka SSR terpilih untuk uji diversitas genetik dalam aksesi (intra accession), antar aksesi (inter accessions), dan antar species (inter species) kelapa sawit menggunakan marka mikrosatelit terpilih. Sebanyak 39 marka SSR diuji pada empat genotipe kelapa sawit. Pola pita marka SSR diskor dan tingkat polimorfisme marka dihitung. Marka SSR dipilih berdasarkan tingkat polimorfime, pola pita, frekuensi dan ukuran alel terdeteksi, dan penyebarannya pada kromosom kelapa sawit. Sepuluh individu tanaman anggota aksesi C103-T (aksesi Tenera asal Kamerun) dan 9 anggota aksesi E. oleifera (Eo) asal Amerika Selatan dan 7 aksesi E. guineensis (Eg) diuji menggunakan 20 marka SSR terpilih. Dendogram kekerabatan dibuat dengan metode Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic (UPGMA) menggunakan software NTSYS (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System) versi 2.1-pc. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 39 marka SSR memiliki tingkat polimorfisme 75% (berkisar 32-92%), jumlah alel 5,97 (2-14) dengan ukuran alel 119-330 bp. Berdasar tingkat polimorfisme, frekuensi dan ukuran alel dan pola pita tersebut, serta distribusinya yang menyebar merata pada kromosom kelapa sawit, terpilih 20 marka SSR untuk diuji selanjutnya. Marka SSR terpilih ini diuji kemanfaatannya untuk analisis keragaman genetik anggota individu dalam aksesi, individu antar aksesi dalam satu species Eo atau Eg, dan antar species Eo dan Eg. Uji filogenetik 20 marka SSR pada 10 individu anggota aksesi C103-T menghasilkan diversitas genetik 14,37-37,38%. Uji 8 individu anggota aksesi Eo menunjukkan diversitas genetik 7-15%. Uji diversitas genetik aksesi antar species Eo dan Eg menghasilkan diversitas genetik sebesar 15-45%. Dengan demikian 20 marka SSR terpilih dapat membedakan dengan sangat jelas anggota individu dalam aksesi, anggota aksesi dalam suatu sepecies, dan anggota aksesi antar species kelapa sawit. Marka SSR terpilih dapat digunakan untuk uji kekerabatan berbagai aksesi kelapa sawit. Hasil studi ini bermanfaat untuk penanganan plasma nutfah di lapang dan pemilihan calon tetua untuk program pemuliaan kelapa sawit. Kata kunci : Kelapa sawit, aksesi, keragaman genetik, marka SSR, uji kekerabatan.ABSTRACTSSR Marker Selection for Genetic Diversity Analysis of Oil Palm AccessionsGenetic diversity analysis of oil palm accessions facilitates parent selection in a breeding program. The use of SSR markers enhances the accuracy and speed of oil palm phylogenetic analysis. SSR is a superior PCR-based genetic marker compared to other developed markers (e.g. AFLP, RAPD, and RFLP) due to its multi allelic nature, codominant characteristic, well-distributed across the plant genome, its economic assays, and high ability in differentiating closely related plant genetic materials. The objectives of this study were to: (1) select the SSR markers appropriate for oil palm accession diversity analysis; (2) analyze the selected markers to be used in genetic relationship studies both in analyzing within- and among- oil palm accessions as well as inter oil palm species. A total of 39 SSR markers were initially used in this study. The appropriate SSR markers were selected based on their polymorphism level, banding pattern, allele frequency and size, together with their distributions across the oil palm genome. The selected markers were used in the phylogenetic analysis studies involving genetic materials within- and among-oil palm accessions. These included 10 individual plants of the C103-T accession (within accession study), 9 accessions of Eo and 7 accessions of Eg (for inter-oil palm accessions and inter species studies). Dendograms were constructed based on Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic (UPGMA) using the Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYS) software version 2.1-pc. Results showed that the 39 SSR markers showed polymorphism level of 75% (ranges from 32 to 92%), allele number of 5.97 (2-14), and allele size of 119-330 bp. Based on the observed polymorphism level, allele size and frequency, banding pattern, and their distributions across the oil palm genome, 20 SSR markers were selected to be studied further. The selected SSR markers were tested their robustness to be used in the phylogenetic analyses of individual plants within an accession, among accessions of a species (Eo or Eg) as well as the individuals among oil species Eo and Eg. Phylogenetic analysis of 20 SSR markers on 10 individual plant within a Cameroon originated accession C103-T resulted genetic diversity of 14.37-37.38%. Diversity level of 8 accessions within species Eo was 7-15%. Analysis of inter species diversity Eo and Eg demonstrated diversity level of 5-45%. The observation results indicated that the 20 SSR markers were robust enough to be used in phylogenetic studies of oil palm accessions. The results shown by this study would be very useful in handling the oil palm germplasm in the field and should facilitate parent selection in a breeding program

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