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Buletin Palma
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 1979679X     EISSN : 25287141     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Buletin Palma memuat artikel hasil-hasil penelitian kelapa dan palma lainnya. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Bulletin of Palma is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes significant and important research finding on coconut and other palm research results. SCOPE Scope of Bulletin of Palma are: 1. Scope of science: Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Socio-Economics, Agronomy, Bioetechnology, Plant Breeding, Plant pathology, Plant Protection, Plant Physiology, Soil Science, Seed Technology, Primary Post Harvest, Climate science, Genetic resources, Entomology,Farming system, Environment, Agricultural extension 2. Scope of commodities : spice, medicinal, aromatic and industrial crops The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 8 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 17, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016" : 8 Documents clear
Varietas Kelapa Sri Gemilang untuk Lahan Pasang Surut [Sri Gemilang Coconut Variety for Tidal Area] Donata Suriaty Pandin; E. T. Tenda; Meity T. Tulalo; Ismail Maskromo
Buletin Palma Vol 17, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (901.028 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v17n1.2016.1-13

Abstract

Indonesia has a tidal swampy area of about 33.4 million hectares, from which + 20 million hectares could be cultivated as a coconut plantation. If it is used optimally, the area could play an important role in supporting the national food security. Several technologies have been produced and applied, and the use of adaptive varieties in tidal land, can improve and enhance the productivity of the land. The availability of superior tall coconut varieties to meet the required coconut seeds for coconut development program is still limited. All of the coconut high yielding varieties launched by the Minister of Agriculture are suitable for dry land only, and not for tidal one. Sri Gemilang, a coconut variety grown in tidal land in Parit Sialang Krubuk, Hidayah Village, Pelangiran District, Indragiri Hilir, Riau Province was evaluated from 2012 to 2016. Observations showed that the production of frutis and copra were relatively stable, averaging above 3.0 tons of copra/ha/year. Sri Gemilang variety with a potential endosperm weight of about 518 g/nut was selected as palms for superior seed sources. Weight of nuts decreased to about 433 g/nut during observation in 2016, after long dry season. However, it was still higher than the control varieties, DTA (371 g/nut) and DMT (366 g/nut) grown on the same tidal land. If the weight of coconut meat is converted to the production of copra/ha, it can reach > 3.0 tons of copra/ha/year, while DTA and DMT grown on tidal land was only 1.6 tons and 1.56 tons of copra/ha/year, respectively. The low weight of endosperm of DTA and DMT is presumably because both varieties which typically grow well on dry land, less adaptable on tidal land. ABSTRAKIndonesia memiliki lahan rawa pasang surut 33,4 juta hektar, sekitar 20 juta hektar dapat diusahakan sebagai perkebunan kelapa. Jika dimanfaatkan secara optimal akan berperan penting dalam mendukung swasembada dan ketahanan pangan nasional. Beberapa teknologi telah dihasilkan dan diterapkan, penggunaan varietas adaptif di lahan pasang surut, dapat memperbaiki dan meningkatkan produktivitas lahan. Jenis kelapa Dalam unggul yang tersedia masih sangat terbatas sehingga belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan benih untuk program pengembangan kelapa. Varietas unggul kelapa yang telah dilepas oleh Menteri Pertanian, semuanya memiliki habitat pada lahan kering, sedangkan habitat pada lahan pasang surut belum ada. Kelapa Dalam Sri Gemilang tumbuh di lahan pasang surut, yaitu di Parit Sialang Krubuk, Desa Hidayah, Kecamatan Pelangiran, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Provinsi Riau. Hasil penelitian tahun 2012 hingga 2016, menunjukkan bahwa produksi buah kelapa dan kopra relatif stabil, yaitu rata-rata di atas 3,0 ton kopra/ha/tahun. Pada varietas kelapa Sri Gemilang dilakukan pemilihan Pohon Induk dengan potensi rata-rata berat daging buah 518 g/butir. Kemarau panjang pada tahun 2015 mengakibatkan berat daging buah turun pada tahun 2016, yaitu 433 g/butir, namun lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelapa DTA (371 g/butir) dan DMT (366 g/butir) sebagai varietas pembanding yang ditanam di lahan pasang surut. Jika berat daging buah kelapa dikonversi ke produksi kopra per hektar maka kelapa Dalam Sri Gemilang mencapai > 3,0 ton kopra/hektar/tahun, sedangkan kelapa DTA dan DMT yang ditanam di lahan pasang surut masing-masing 1,6 ton dan 1,56 ton kopra/hektar/tahun. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Kelapa DTA dan DMT yang biasanya tumbuh baik dan berproduksi tinggi pada lahan kering, kurang adaptif pada lahan pasang surut.
Dampak Kelangkaan Tenaga Kerja Pengolahan Kelapa Terhadap Pendapatan Petani dan Tenaga Kerja di Minahasa Tenggara [The Impact of Lack of Coconut Processing Labour on the Income of Farmers and Labour in Southeast Minahasa] Nelson H. Kario
Buletin Palma Vol 17, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (327.168 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v17n1.2016.79-87

Abstract

Coconut is one of the important estate crops in Southeast Minahasa district. However, the development of coconut farming process in the district has problem on the insuffiency of labor. The purpose of this study was to: a) know the labor wage system in coconut processing to copra, and b)  impact of lack of labour in coconut processing to copra on the income of the farmers and labour. The research was carried out as a case study in coconut production center in Liwutung I village, Pasan Subdistrict,  Southeast Minahasa district from August to October 2013. Twenty farmers involved in coconut processing were interviewed to collect primary data.  Secondary data were collected from local goverments. Primary data includes use of equipments and materials during copra processing time, purchase of  staple food for consumption and supporting the work during harvest season. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the labour wage system  in coconut processing to copra were either managed by the owner or by the workers with proportion based on agreement made by the two parties. Labor shortages had led to the decrease of farmer’s income from Rp. 1,539,682 to Rp. 1,053,435 (31.58 %) and the increase of labour income from Rp. 230,955 (negative) to Rp. 657,687 (210,53%). Labor shortages have negative effects on farmers' income but positive impact on the labour. ABSTRAKKelapa merupakan  salah satu komoditas tanaman perkebunan yang sangat penting di Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara.  Namun, perkembangan usahatani kelapa akhir-akhir ini mengalami  masalah  kelangkaan tenaga kerja.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui :  (a)  sistem pengupahan tenaga kerja pada usaha pengolahan kelapa menjadi kopra, dan (b) dampak kelangkaan tenaga kerja pengolahan kelapa menjadi kopra terhadap pendapatan petani dan tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus di Desa Liwutung I Kecamatan Pasan, Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai Oktober 2013 dengan mewawancarai 20 petani kelapa sebagai responden. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data primer dan sekunder. Data  primer  meliputi  belanja bahan pokok untuk konsumsi maupun menunjang pekerjaan selama kegiatan panen berlangsung, upah tenaga kerja dan lain lain, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari dinas atau aparat terkait. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sistem pengupahan tenaga kerja usaha pengolahan kelapa menjadi kopra berdasarkan sumber pembiayaan terbagi dua yaitu ditanggung pemilik kebun dan tenaga kerja dengan proporsi pembagian hasil yang disesuaikan.   Kelangkaan tenaga kerja menurunkan penerimaan petani dari  Rp. 1.539.682 menjadi Rp. 1.053.435 atau menurun sebesar 31,58 persen dan meningkatkan penerimaan tenaga kerja dari Rp. 230.955 (negatif) menjadi Rp. 255.272 atau meningkat sebesar  210,53 persen.  Kelangkaan tenaga kerja memberikan dampak yang negatif terhadap pendapatan petani namun positif terhadap tenaga kerja
Peningkatan Produktivitas Pakan dan Nutrisi Sapi pada Areal Kelapa Melalui Introduksi Pennisetum purpureum Schum cv. Mott [Increasing of Cattle Feed and Nutrition Productivity under Coconut Area Through Introduction of Pennisetum purpureum Schum cv. Mott] Paulus C. Paat; Jantje G. Kindangen
Buletin Palma Vol 17, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v17n1.2016.71-78

Abstract

Coconut plantation area in North Sulawesi is an ecological basis for cattle but lower in terms of productivity of feed d annutrients. This study aims to improve the productivity of feed and nutrient  for beef cattle development in the coconut palm plantation through the introduction of superior forage P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott. The study was conducted from July 2012 to January 2013, in the Ongkaw Village, South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi. Coconut palms used in this study was 50 years-old tall coconuts with planting system of  9 m x 9 m at farmer plantation area. The research followed a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications. The treatments tested were types of animal feed, which consists of (1). P. purpureum  Schum cv. Mott  (dwarf elephant grass),  Cynodon sp. (native grass), and P. purpureum (forage elephant grass). Planting systems of livestock forage are 20 cm x 20 cm, for Cynodon sp.  100 cm x 50 cm for  both  P. purpureum  Schum cv. Mott and P. purpureum. The first defoliation was done 70 days after planting, after that, the defoliation was done every 45 days. The result showed that the dry weight of animal feed/ha was 15.31 tons, 163.73   tons and 128.21 tons for Cynodon sp., P. purpureum  Schum cv. Mott and P. purpureum, respectively. Dry matter and nutrients of P. purpureum  Schum cv. Mott was higher than that of Cynodon sp. and P. purpureum. The result showed that the introduced P. purpureum  Schum cv. Mott significantly increased both animal feed production and feed nutrients in coconut plantation area as compared to the local forage crops (Cynodon sp. and P. purpureum). The P. purpureum  Schum cv. Mott can adapt to the shade of bearing coconut palms.ABSTRAKLahan perkebunan kelapa di Sulawesi Utara merupakan basis ekologi sapi namun produktivitas dan nutrisi pakan rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan produktivitas pakan dan nutrisi untuk pengembangan sapi potong di lahan perkebunan kelapa, melalui   introduksi hijauan pakan ternak unggul Pennisetum purpureum Schum cv. Mott. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juli 2012 sampai dengan Januari 2013 di Desa Ongkaw, Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Tanaman kelapa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kelapa Dalam umur 50 tahun dengan jarak tanam  9 m x 9 m. Penelitian  menggunakan  Rancangan  Acak  Lengkap  dengan tiga perlakuan dan           tiga ulangan. Tiga perlakuan yang diuji adalah jenis pakan ternak, yang terdiri atas P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott, Cynodon sp. dan Pennisetum purpureum. Jarak tanam pakan ternak tersebut adalah 20 cm x 20 cm untuk Cynodon sp., dan 100 cm x 50 cm untuk P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott dan P. purpureum. Defoliasi pertama dilakukan 70 hst, setelah itu defoliasi dilakukan setiap 45 hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berat kering pakan ternak per ha adalah 15,31 ton; 128,21 ton; dan 163,73 ton/ha berturut-turut untuk  Cynodon sp., P. purpureum, dan P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott. Bahan kering dan nutrisi pakan P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott  lebih tinggi dari Rumput Cynodon sp. dan Pennisetum purpureum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott  yang diindtroduksi meningkatkan produksi dan nutrisi pakan ternak pada lahan perkebunan kelapa secara nyata dibanding tanaman pakan lokal Cynodon sp. dan P. purpureum. Pennisetum  purpureum Schum cv. Mott  dapat beradaptasi di bawah naungan kelapa dewasa.  
Hidrolisis Enzimatis Minyak Kelapa Hidrolisis Enzimatis Minyak Kelapa dengan Lipase dari Rhyzomucor miehei [Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Coconut Oil using Lipase from Rhyzomucor mieheiLipase dari Rhizomucor miehei] Steivie Karouw; Linda Trivana; Rindengan Barlina; Budi Santosa
Buletin Palma Vol 17, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v17n1.2016.35-40

Abstract

The objectives  of the research was to find the temperature and time of enzymatic hydrolysis reaction of coconut oil by lipase from Rhizomucor miehei as biocatalyze which could produce the highest free fatty acids.   Enzymatic hydrolysis reaction was held at various of reaction temperature (35, 40, 45 dan 50oC) and reaction duration (6, 12, 18 and 24 hours). Enzymatic hydrolysis reaction was carried out in waterbath  shaker on pH of 7.0 and enzyme concentration of 2.5% based on substrate weight. The hydrolysis products were monitored using TLC using hexane:diethyl eter:acetic acid = 80:20:1 as developing solvent on silica gel F254, 20 cm x 20 cm aluminium plat. The results showed that hydrolyzed coconut oil contained 5 spots, they were identified as 1 spot of triglyceride at upper, 1 spot of free fatty acid, 2 spots of diglyceride at the middle and 1 spot monoglyceride at the bottom. The condition of enzymatic hydrolysis reaction produce the highest of free fatty acid (37.10%) at 50°C of temperature for 24 hours.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui suhu dan lama reaksi yang dapat menghasilkan asam lemak bebas (ALB) paling banyak pada proses hidrolisis minyak kelapa menggunakan biokatalis lipase dari Rhizomucor miehei. Hidrolisis dilakukan pada variasi suhu reaksi (35, 40, 45 dan 50oC) dan lama reaksi (6, 12, 18 dan 24 jam). Reaksi hidrolisis dilakukan dalam shaker waterbath  dengan pH 7,0 dan kosentrasi enzim 2,5% dari berat substrat. Hasil hidrolisis dianalisis dengan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) menggunakan larutan pengembang campuran pelarut heksan:dietil eter:asam asetat = 80:20:1 pada pelat silica gel F254, pelat aluminium 20 cm x 20 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil hidrolisis minyak kelapa teridentifikasi  lima spot yaitu satu spot trigliserida pada bagian atas, 1 spot asam lemak bebas, dua spot digliserida dan satu spot monogliserida pada bagian bawah. Kondisi hidrolisis minyak kelapa dengan lipase dari R. miehei untuk menghasilkan asam lemak bebas tertinggi yaitu pada suhu 50°C selama 24 jam yaitu sebanyak 37,10%.
Demografi Kumbang Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) sebagai Serangga Polinator pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit [The Demographic of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as Insect Pollinators on Oil Palm Plant] Novalisa Lumentut; Meldy L.A. Hosang
Buletin Palma Vol 17, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v17n1.2016.89-95

Abstract

The role of pollinator beetles E. kamerunicus in oil palm plantations needed for pollination and increase fruit formation. E. kamerunicus beetle pollen can move well on oil palm. This research aims to study the demographic E. kamerunicus statistics to predict the rate of growth. This study used male flower oil palm as a breeding and insect pollinators E. kamerunicus obtained and in the collection of the field in the oil palm plantations in the district Wood tides of Province West Sulawesi and in Pamona district, Central Sulawesi and the Laboratory of Entomology Indonesian Palmae Research Institute from January to October 2015. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and analysis of demographic statistics includes the net reproductive rate, generation time, intrinsic growth rate. The results show that the value of demographic E. kamerunicus is Ro= 4.88, rm= 0.084 and T= 19 days. Ro value indicates multiple populations per generation E. kamerunicus on oil palm male flowers 4.88-fold for 19 days. Rated E. kamerunicus Ro> 1, meaning that the population of E. kamerunicus will increase. Ro and rm valueand shows that the male flower oil palm is suitable for the development of host E. kamerunicus evidenced by the reproduction rate of the population of insect pollinators multiples of this very quickly with the average time needed by one generation is 19 days to increase its population. With the increasing population of insect pollinators E. kamerunicus in oil palm plantations will have an impact on the success of oil palm fruit pollination for fruit formation, thereby increasing the productivity of oil palm. The results of the research can be used to determine the rate of population E. kamerunicus per generation in palm oil plantations that role as insect pollinators and pollination success of oil could have implications for improved productivity of oil palm in Indonesia.ABSTRAKPeranan kumbang polinator E. kamerunicus di pertanaman sawit diperlukan untukpenyerbukan guna meningkatkan pembentukan buah karena kumbang E. kamerunicus dapat memindahkan serbuk sari pada sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari demografi statistik E. kamerunicus untuk memprediksi laju pertumbuhannya pada bunga jantan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma mulai bulan Januari - Oktober 2015. Pengambilan kumang E. kamerunicus pada pertanaman kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Pasang Kayu Provinsi Sulawesi Barat dan di Kabupaten Pamona Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan analisis statistik demografi meliputi laju reproduksi bersih, waktu generasi, dan laju pertumbuhan intrinsik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai demografi E. kamerunicus adalah Ro= 4,88,  rm = 0,084 dan T= 19 hari.Nilai Ro menunjukkan kelipatan populasi E. kamerunicus per generasi pada bunga jantan kelapa sawit adalah 4,88 kali lipat selama 19 hari. Nilai Ro E. kamerunicus >1, artinya populasi E. kamerunicus akan meningkat. Nilai Ro dan rm menunjukkan bahwa bunga jantan sawit merupakan inang yang cocok untuk perkembangan E. kamerunicus dibuktikan dengan besarnya laju kelipatan reproduksi populasi serangga polinator ini dengan sangat cepat dengan waktu rata-rata yang dibutuhkan oleh satu generasi adalah 19 hari untuk meningkatkan populasinya. Dengan meningkatkatnya populasi serangga polinator          E. kamerunicus di perkebunan sawit akan berdampak pada keberhasilan penyerbukan buah sawit untuk pembentukan buah sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas sawit. Hasil penelitian dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui laju pertambahan populasi E. kamerunicus per satu generasi di perkebunan sawit sehingga peranannya sebagai serangga polinator dan keberhasilan penyerbukan sawit dapat berdampak bagi peningkatan produktivitas kelapa sawit di Indonesia.
Desain dan Kinerja Alat Pengolahan Bioetanol Model Baristand untuk Menghasilkan Bahan Bakar Etanol [Design and Performance of Bioethanol Processing Tool Baristand Model to Produce Fuel Grade Ethanol] Nicolas Tumbel; Supardi Manurung; Abnery Lay
Buletin Palma Vol 17, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v17n1.2016.41-49

Abstract

The development of renewable energy sources such as bioethanol was a major consideration, because of dwindling of unrenewable energy and increasing of energy needed. Utilization ofenergy from bioethanol was environmental friendly compared to fossil fuel. The objective of this research was to design small-scale bioethanol processing unit to produce bioethanol as a fuel or FGE which easily to be operated. The research was conducted at the Laboratory and Workshop of Research and Standardization of Industrial Institute Manado, and Equipment Engineeringof Indonesian Palms Crops Research Institute during 2013. The design of this machinery was based on to bioethanol processing unit through evaporator system-double distillation, and dehydration unit of bioethanol equipmet using molecular sieve zeolite with vacuum swing absorption techniques.Processing of FGE was equipped with controlled of temperature heating and utilization of molecular sieve for dehydrator column, processing. The process was evaluated for three times. The observed variables were design of tools (components, varianceof the operating unit temperature), and performance tools (working time, a flow rate of bioethanol, yield,  losses and quality of the product). The datas were analysis by descriptive method. The results showed that, the designed bioethanol processing tool has some main components such as evaporator tank, dehydrator column, and a distillation column. FGE was made by using bioethanol 90% as raw materials, temperature of heating operating (evaporator tank at 78-82ºC, dehydrator column around 76-90ºC, and distillation column about 25-35ºC. Theresulted FGE contains 99.88% of ethanol and yield reach to 92.13%. The FGE was visually clear and bright appearance, no deposits and debris. Bioethanol processing tools of Baristand model was more suitable to be used for farmer groups or small and medium level. ABSTRAKCadangan minyak bumi yang makin menipis dan makin meningkatnya kebutuhan energi serta dampak pencemaran lingkungan penggunaan energi dari minyak bumi, telah mendorong pengembangan sumber energi  terbarukan antara lain bioetanol. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendesain unit pengolahan bioetanol skala kecil  untuk menghasilkan bioetanol sebagai bahan bakar atau Fuel Grade Ethanol (FGE) yang praktis dioperasikan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Tahun 2013, di Laboratorium dan bengkel Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Manado serta Bengkel Rekayasa Alat Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma.  Desain alat didasarkan pada alat pengolahan bioetanol dari aren sistem evaporator-destilator ganda,  dan alat dehidrasi bioetanol menggunakan saringan molekuler zeolit dengan teknik vacuum swing absorbtion. Pengolahan FGE dengan suhu pemanasan terkontrol dan menggunakan saringan molekuler pada kolom dehidrator, proses pengolahan dilakukan  sebanyak tiga kali. Pengamatan terdiri atas: desain alat (komponen alat, keragaman suhu unit operasi), dan kinerja alat (waktu kerja, laju alir bioetanol, rendemen, kehilangan hasil, dan mutu produk). Analisis data secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat pengolahan bioetanol yang didesain dengan komponen utama adalah tangki evaporator, kolom dehidrator, dan kolom destilator.  Pengolahan FGE menggunakan   bahan baku bioetanol  kadar 90%, suhu pemanasan unit operasi, yakni tangki evaporator 78-82ºC, kolom dehidrator 76-90ºC, dan kolom destilator 25- 35ºC. FGE yang dihasilkan berkadar etanol 99,88% dan rendemen 92,13%. FGE memenuhi syarat mutu dan secara visual kenampakan jernih dan terang, tidak ada endapan dan kotoran. Alat pengolahan bioetanol model Baristand ini, lebih sesuai penggunaannya untuk kelompok tani atau Usaha Kecil Menengah.
Uji Kinerja dan Kelayakan Alat Pengolahan Limbah Kelapa untuk Pupuk Organik [Test Processing and Fitness Equipment Waste Coconut for Organic Fertilizer] Abner Lay; Oskar Saka; Nikhson Takaheghesang; Nicolas Tumbel
Buletin Palma Vol 17, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v17n1.2016.59-69

Abstract

Commonly, processing of organic fertilizer was done manually, not continuous, low capicity, the quality was not uniform and less efficient handling. Therefore it was not running well and affceted to insufficiency of organic fertilizer supply. Because of that, production technique through mechanical system which can be operated at the farmer groups was needed. The objective of this study is  to design organic fertilizer machine for coconut waste which can be aplicated in small scalle. The research was conducted in March until December 2012, in Repair Engineering and Laboratory Equipment,  Laboratory of Indonesian Palm Crops Research Institute and Research and Standardization of Industrial Institute Manado. Organic fertilizer processing equipment consists of several process units, such as leaf midrib of coconut, organic material crusher, sieve, mixing materials and organic manure fermentation bulk. The observed variables were equipment specifications, performance characteristics of the raw material and organic fertilizers and feasibility analysis tools. The results showed that, the organic fertilizer processing machine consists of: a palm leaf counter unit cylinder systems, centrifugal sifter system, crusher organic matter cylinder system, material mixing and fermentation batch, which are operationally feasible, a capacity of about 1.6 tons/day. The organic fertilizers was friable, dark brown in color, contains 1.2% N, 1.0% P, 2.81% K, 0.46 Ca and 0.04% Mg.  The financial analysis showed that, application of the organic fertilizer processing coconut waste was feasible and profitable. It can be operated in farmer level.ABSTRAKPengolahan pupuk organik umumnya dilakukan secara manual, tidak kontinu, kapasitas olah rendah, mutu tidak seragam, penanganan kurang efisien. Kondisi ini mengakibatkan usaha pengolahan pupuk organik kurang berkembang, yang berdampak pada ketidakcukupan pupuk organik. Untuk itu, diperlukan teknik produksi pupuk organik sistem mekanis yang praktis dioperasikan pada tingkat kelompok tani. Penelitian bertujuan membuat alat pengolahan pupuk organik limbah kelapa skala kecil yang layak operasional. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Maret sampai Desember 2012, di Bengkel Rekayasa Alat dan Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Palma dan Laboratorium Balai Riset dan Standarisasi Industri Manado. Pembuatan alat pengolahan pupuk organik terdiri dari beberapa unit proses, yakni pencacah pelepah daun kelapa, penghancur bahan organik, ayakan, pencampur bahan olah dan bak fermentasi pupuk organik, masing-masing dibuat satu unit. Pengamatan terdiri dari spesifikasi alat, kinerja, karakteristik bahan baku dan pupuk organik serta analisis kelayakan alat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat pengolahan pupuk organik limbah kelapa, terdiri dari: unit pencacah daun kelapa sistem silinder, ayakan sistem sentrifugal, penghancur bahan organik sistem silinder, pencampur bahan olah dan bak fermentasi, yang layak operasional, kapasitas olah sekitar 1,6 ton/hari. Pupuk organik limbah kelapa yang dihasilkan bersifat gembur berwarna coklat tua, mengandung hara 1,2 % N, 1,0 % P, 2,81 % K, 0,46% Ca dan 0,04 % Mg. Analisis finansial penggunaan alat pengolahan pupuk organik limbah kelapa adalah layak dan menguntungkan. Alat pengolahan pupuk organik praktis dioperasikan pada skala kelompok tani.
Kemapanan Burung Bentet Kelabu (Lanius schach) Asal Yogyakarta di Pulau Salibabu [The Establishment of Gray Bentet Bird (Lanius schach) from Yogyakarta in Salibabu Island] LALA, FREDY
Buletin Palma Vol 17, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v17n1.2016.25-34

Abstract

The Gray Bentet bird (Lanius schach) is one of the potential predators as biological agents against grasshopper pests. As many as 30 males and 10 females of the Gray Bentet birds had been introduced from Yogyakarta to Salibabu Island, Talaud Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province, for controlling coconut pest namely Sexava nubila grasshopper.  The establishment, development, and biology of the Gray Bentet birds were studied at District of Moronge in Salibabu Island, from August 2011 to July 2012. Establishment of the Gray Bentet bird was indicated by its population, dispersal, and the resulted new generation. Results showed that the Gray Bentet bird was very successfully established and well developed in Salibabu Island. At 3 months after release as many as 20 birds were rediscovered and they had dispersed as far as 6 – 15 km away from the release site. The new generation of as many as 2 birds were discovered at 9 months after releasing of their parents. Biology of the Gray Bentet birds in Salibabu Island was similar with that in their origin in Yogyakarta. A single female produced 4 eggs per reproductive period for 3-4 days, with sex ratio of 3 males : 1 female. Producing eggs frequency was twice per year. The first mating occurred when the Gray Bentet birds was at 9 months old. The Gray Bentet bird belonged to  insectivorous group, diurnal birds, and it attacks moving preys. The predatory bird developed well in Salibabu Island and it was a promising biological control agent against the pest of S. nubila.ABSTRAKBurung Bentet kelabu Lanius schach merupakan salah satu predator yang berpotensi sebagai agens hayati hama belalang. Sebanyak 30 ekor burung jantan dan 10 ekor betina telah diintroduksikan dari Yogyakarta ke Pulau Salibabu, Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, untuk pengendalian hama kelapa, belalang Sexava nubila. Kemapanan, perkembangan, dan biologi burung ini dikaji di Kecamatan Moronge, Pulau Salibabu, sejak bulan Agustus 2011 sampai Juli 2012. Kemapanan burung L. schach diukur berdasarkan populasi, pemencaran, dan generasi baru. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa burung L. schach  berhasil mapan dan berkembang dengan baik di Pulau Salibabu. Pada tiga bulan sesudah pelepasan sebanyak 20 ekor ditemukan kembali dan telah memencar sejauh 6-15 km dari tempat pelepasan. Burung generasi baru sebanyak 2 ekor ditemukan pada saat 9 bulan setelah pelepasan induknya. Biologi L. schach di Pulau Salibabu mirip dengan di daerah asalnya Yogyakarta. Seekor betina bertelur sebanyak 4 butir/periode bertelur. Masa bertelur selama 3-4 hari. Frekuensi bertelur  dua kali per tahun. Sex ratio 3 jantan : 1 betina. Burung L. schach kawin pertama kali saat berumur sekitar 9 bulan. Burung ini termasuk golongan pemakan serangga, aktif pada siang hari, dan memburu mangsa yang bergerak. Burung predator ini berkembang dengan baik dan merupakan agens pengendalian hayati yang menjanjikan terhadap hama S. nubila di Pulau Salibabu.

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