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Mochammad Tanzil Multazam
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Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Majapahit 666 B, Sidoarjo, East Java Indonesia
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25989928     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/ijler
Core Subject : Economy, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review (IJLER) is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo four times a year. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics concerning Law and Economics. IJLER is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 16 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): May" : 16 Documents clear
Dynamics of Contract Cancellation in Civil Law and its Relevance for Consumer Protection: Dinamika Pembatalan Kontrak dalam Hukum Perdata dan Relevansinya bagi Perlindungan Konsumen Ratrisari, Elizabeth Prima; Rajagukguk, Jemimah Puteri; Napitu, ⁠Olivia Panjiani; Manalu , Veronica Enjelina; Ginting, Gavra Natadavie
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i2.1290

Abstract

Background (General): Contract annulment plays a significant role in upholding legal certainty and fairness within civil law frameworks. Background (Specific): In Indonesia, the Civil Code (KUH Perdata) provides the basis for contract validity, focusing on essential elements such as consent, legal capacity, and lawful object. Knowledge Gap: However, there is limited comprehensive analysis of how principles like good faith and fairness influence contract annulment beyond formal legal criteria. Aim: This study aims to examine the legal grounds, procedures, and implications of contract cancellation in Indonesia, particularly under the Civil Code, Consumer Protection Law, and Electronic Information and Transactions Law. Results: Through normative juridical analysis and case law review, the findings reveal that annulment is influenced not only by statutory violations but also by equitable considerations, such as imbalance in bargaining power and misrepresentation. Novelty: The study highlights how Indonesian courts increasingly incorporate substantive justice and good faith into annulment decisions, marking a shift from rigid formalism. Implications: These findings offer valuable insights for legal practitioners and business actors in mitigating contractual disputes and aligning agreements with evolving judicial interpretations. Highlights: Emphasizes the role of fairness and good faith in contract annulment. Integrates statutory analysis with judicial interpretation. Highlights practical implications for legal and business practices. Keywords: Contract Annulment, Civil Law, Legal Protection.
Strengthening Legal Frameworks for Managing Iraq’s Cultural Heritage Revenues: Memperkuat Kerangka Hukum untuk Mengelola Pendapatan Warisan Budaya Irak Zghair, Haleemah Khlaif
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i2.1292

Abstract

Background: The protection of cultural heritage revenues in Iraq has become increasingly criticaldue to widespread looting, smuggling, and illegal exploitation, exacerbated by the country’s shiftingsecurity and economic conditions. Specific Background: Although Iraq possesses both domesticand international legal frameworks designed to safeguard its cultural heritage, their practicaleffectiveness remains hindered by implementation weaknesses and legal gaps. Knowledge Gap:There is limited research analyzing how existing laws can be optimized to ensure sustainablemanagement and protection of revenues derived from cultural heritage assets. Aim: This study aimsto evaluate the effectiveness of legal measures governing the protection and management of Iraqicultural heritage revenues, while proposing reforms to strengthen these frameworks. Results: Thefindings reveal that despite a robust legislative foundation, weak enforcement mechanisms andinsufficient inter-agency coordination impede optimal resource management. The researchhighlights the necessity of modernizing legislation and enhancing administrative processes.Novelty: By employing a comparative analytical approach, the study integrates insights frominternational practices to propose actionable reforms tailored to Iraq’s context. Implications: Thestudy underscores the importance of legislative updates, enhanced transparency, internationalcollaboration for asset recovery, and the establishment of a national fund to ensure the conservationand sustainable utilization of cultural heritage revenues. Highlights: Legal gaps weaken cultural heritage revenue protection. Global models guide legislative reform efforts. National fund ensures sustainable heritage management. Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Iraq, Legal Framework, Revenue Protection, Sustainable Management
Low Job Satisfaction and Its Impact on Employee Performance in Fallujah (Awqaf) Aliwy, Hamid Subhi
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i2.1294

Abstract

This study tried to discover the impact of motivation on job satisfaction and performance in addition to studying the relationship between job satisfaction and performance in the Fallujah Sunni Endowment Directorate (2025). The researcher created a survey based on existing studies to measure motivation, job satisfaction, and performance, using a 41-question form that includes 18 questions about motivation, 15 about job satisfaction, and 8 about performance. They randomly selected 225 employees from middle and upper management to participate. The study instrument was distributed in the main location in Fallujah, where 150 questionnaires suitable for analysis with SPSS software were recovered in less than 3 months. The findings provided valuable insights for religious management in Iraq, offering practical recommendations for improving motivational strategies and techniques in addition to job satisfaction practices to enhance performance. The study also seeks to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the interplay between job satisfaction, performance, and motivation in developing organizations, particularly within the context of the Iraqi systems. Highlights: Highlights the positive correlation between motivation, job satisfaction, and performance. Fills a research gap in Iraq’s religious administrative institutions. Offers practical HR strategies for improving organizational outcomes. Keywords: Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Performance
Liquidity Indicators Correlate Positively with Financial Returns at Baghdad Soft Drinks: Indikator Likuiditas Berkorelasi Positif dengan Pengembalian Keuangan di Baghdad Soft Drinks Shnaishel, Thar Saadoon; Herez, Qassim Mahal
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i2.1297

Abstract

General Background: Liquidity management plays a critical role in determining the financial sustainability of firms, especially in emerging economies with volatile macroeconomic conditions. Specific Background: In Iraq's industrial sector, firms like Baghdad Soft Drinks Company face liquidity challenges due to currency fluctuations, imported inputs, and evolving consumer demands. Knowledge Gap: Despite global literature affirming the liquidity-performance nexus, few empirical studies have addressed this relationship in Iraqi industrial firms using modern econometric models. Aims: This study investigates the impact of liquidity indicators—current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio—on financial performance, measured by return on assets (ROA), controlling for firm size and financial leverage. Results: Using multiple linear regression on data from 2015–2023, findings show all liquidity indicators significantly and positively affect ROA, while firm size also exerts a strong positive influence; financial leverage was statistically insignificant. The model explains 89% of the variance in ROA. Novelty: The study offers a contextualized analytical model adapted to Iraq’s industrial sector, integrating both agency and resource-based theories. Implications: The results highlight strategic opportunities for firms to enhance profitability by optimizing liquidity structures and scaling operations. This research fills a gap in regional financial literature and provides a replicable methodology for similar economies.Highlight : Liquidity indicators (current, quick, cash ratios) significantly improve financial performance (ROA). Firm size positively affects profitability, while financial leverage showed no significant effect. The model explains 89% of ROA variance—demonstrating liquidity's critical role. Keywords : Liquidity, ROA, Financial Leverage, Quick Ratio, Baghdad Soft Drinks
The Legal Framework for Crimes Related to Augmented and Virtual Reality Asfoor, Nidaa Mohamed; Talib, Zainab Kadhim
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i2.1299

Abstract

Background: Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) era are growing notable immersive environments, collectively contributing to the burgeoning Metaverse. While providing big societal and monetary blessings, these structures also present novel avenues for crook interest. Aims: This studies examines the adequacy and applicability of existing prison frameworks, generally countrywide criminal statutes and international cybercrime conventions, to deal with crimes devoted interior or facilitated with the useful resource of AR and VR environments. Method: Employing a qualitative, doctrinal criminal analysis approach, the study scrutinizes key stressful situations consisting of the definition of damage in digital spaces, the felony repute of virtual belongings, jurisdictional complexities bobbing up from the without boundaries nature of these technology, issues in accumulating admissible digital evidence, and issues surrounding individual anonymity and avatar attribution. Findings: Findings mean huge gaps and ambiguities internal contemporary jail structures. Existing legal suggestions, regularly designed for tangible harms or earlier sorts of virtual interplay, conflict to efficiently embody nuanced offenses like virtual attack, harassment, or theft of virtual property. Furthermore, large procedural hurdles related to jurisdiction, proof series, and offender identification avoid powerful law enforcement. Result: The studies concludes that relying entirely on analogical interpretations of present legal guidelines is insufficient and doubtlessly useless. Novelty: It underscores the urgent need for taken into consideration prison version, whether via legislative reform, delicate judicial interpretation, or improved worldwide cooperation, to make certain consumer protection, maintain consider, and foster accountable innovation within immersive digital realms. Impact: This study contributes to cyberlaw scholarship by imparting a synthesized analysis of criminal law challenges specific to modern AR/VR and gives insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and era developers navigating this evolving panorama. Highlights: Existing criminal statutes are ambiguous and often inapplicable to immersive AR/VR offences. Significant jurisdictional and evidentiary hurdles hinder prosecution across virtual borders. The paper proposes an adaptive, technology‑neutral legal framework that balances innovation with user protection. Keywords: Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Cybercrime Law, Jurisdiction, Digital Evidence
The Role of Constitutional Provisions in Protecting Sustainable Development: Peran Ketentuan Konstitusi dalam Melindungi Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Saeed, Iqbal Naji
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i2.1306

Abstract

There is no doubt that research into the role of constitutional provisions in protecting sustainable development is among the most important topics worthy of attention at all times and in all places. Since the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for 2005 did not explicitly stipulate the right to sustainable development, but addressed it implicitly in many of its provisions, particularly those related to public rights and freedoms, from this standpoint we demonstrate the extent to which the constitution guarantees protection of the right to sustainable development, due to its connection with multiple branches whether natural, human, or economic. It has become part of the human rights system, international law, and ethics. This interconnection and overlap between environmental and human concepts have led to the crystallization of new obligations, through which the recognition of these rights, the fulfillment of future generations' rights, and the meeting of current generations' requirements have been established. The availability of equal opportunities shapes legal and ethical issues, the distribution of burdens, and the sharing of wealth and natural resources between current and future generations, enabling individuals to live in a dignified, peaceful, and healthy manner while pursuing advanced education and technology. Highlights: Iraqi Constitution lacks explicit sustainable development rights: Despite indirect references, no clear guarantee exists for future generations’ environmental and developmental rights. Legal and administrative mechanisms are emerging: Iraq has established frameworks like the Iraq Development Fund and passed environmental laws, but enforcement remains weak. Future generations need stronger judicial protection: The absence of direct representation means courts and institutions must expand jurisdiction to uphold intergenerational justice. Keywords: Constitution, Sustainable Development, Environmental Rights, Future Generations, Legal Responsibility
Self-Efficacy, Work Environment, and Discipline Shaping Employee Job Satisfaction: Keyakinan Diri, Lingkungan Kerja, dan Disiplin dalam Mempengaruhi Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Rahmatullah, Alif Maulana; Firdaus, Vera
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i2.1372

Abstract

General Background: Job satisfaction is a central component of organizational success, influencing employee performance and company sustainability. Specific Background: Within the context of PT. Sinaraya Nugraha Ahmadaris Medika, low employee satisfaction was observed, associated with insufficient confidence, suboptimal work environment, and weak discipline practices. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have not comprehensively examined the interrelationship between self-efficacy, work environment, and work discipline within the healthcare industry in Indonesia. Aims: This study aims to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy, work environment, and work discipline toward job satisfaction among employees. Results: Using multiple linear regression on 117 respondents, findings reveal that self-efficacy, work environment, and work discipline each show a positive and significant association with job satisfaction, both partially and simultaneously. Novelty: This research integrates psychological and environmental dimensions in explaining job satisfaction within the medical equipment sector, an area rarely addressed in previous studies. Implications: The results provide empirical insights for human resource strategies that emphasize confidence-building, conducive work settings, and strong discipline systems to enhance employee satisfaction and performance. Highlights: Self-efficacy, environment, and discipline jointly enhance job satisfaction. Novel integration of psychological and workplace factors in HR studies. Empirical evidence from Indonesia’s medical equipment industry context. Keywords: Self-efficacy; Work Environment; Work Discipline; Job Satisfaction; Human Resource Management
Brand Ambassador and Price Shape Consumer Purchasing Decisions Muttaqien, Habibil; Hariasih , Misti
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i2.1373

Abstract

General Background: The bottled drinking water (AMDK) industry in Indonesia continues to grow rapidly, supported by increased public awareness of clean and safe water consumption. Specific Background: Within this competitive market, Le Minerale strives to strengthen consumer purchase intentions through marketing variables such as brand ambassadors, product design, and price. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the relationship between these variables and consumer purchasing decisions, necessitating further empirical validation. Aims: This study aims to analyze the roles of brand ambassadors, product design, and price in shaping consumer purchasing decisions for Le Minerale products in Sidoarjo. Results: Using a quantitative method with 100 respondents and multiple linear regression analysis, findings reveal that brand ambassadors and price significantly and positively affect purchasing decisions, while product design has no significant effect. Novelty: This study integrates consumer perception theory with marketing mix analysis in a specific local market, providing an updated empirical perspective. Implications: The results suggest that effective marketing strategies should prioritize credible brand ambassadors and affordable pricing to enhance purchase intentions in the bottled water industry. Highlights: Brand ambassadors and price significantly influence purchasing decisions. Product design shows no significant relationship with consumer choice. Marketing strategy should focus on credibility and pricing competitiveness. Keywords: Brand Ambassador, Product Design, Price, Purchasing Decision, Marketing Management
Cafe Atmosphere, Menu Variety, and Service Excellence toward Customer Loyalty: Suasana Kafe, Keragaman Menu, dan Pelayanan Unggul untuk Meningkatkan Loyalitas Pelanggan Amaliyah, Rizki; Sumartik
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i2.1374

Abstract

General Background: Customer loyalty is a critical determinant of business sustainability, particularly in the growing café industry influenced by lifestyle trends. Specific Background: Istoria Café Sidoarjo is one of many cafés competing to attract and retain customers through its unique ambiance, menu offerings, and service quality. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies often analyzed these factors separately, lacking a comprehensive approach to how they simultaneously shape customer loyalty. Aims: This research aims to analyze the relationships among café atmosphere, menu diversity, and service excellence with customer loyalty. Results: Based on 97 respondents analyzed using SPSS 26, findings show that café atmosphere and service excellence have a significant positive relationship with customer loyalty, while menu diversity shows no significant relationship. Novelty: The study reveals that even with limited menu variety, a pleasant café atmosphere and excellent service can sustain customer loyalty. Implications: The findings emphasize that maintaining service quality and ambiance consistency is more crucial than menu expansion for customer retention.Highlights: Atmosphere and service quality drive customer loyalty. Menu diversity shows no significant contribution. Consistent service and ambiance sustain customer retention. Keywords:Atmosphere; Menu Diversity; Service Excellence; Customer Loyalty; Café Management
Implementation of ITE Law in Regulating TikTok Content for Child Protection: Implementasi Undang-Undang ITE dalam Pengaturan Konten TikTok untuk Perlindungan Anak Sholikhah, Firda Mar’atus; Multazam, Mochammad Tanzil
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v20i2.1375

Abstract

General Background: The rapid growth of digital technology has reshaped communication patterns and media consumption globally. Specific Background: Social media platforms such as TikTok have become highly accessible to minors, often exposing them to inappropriate content due to the absence of effective filtering mechanisms. Knowledge Gap: Limited legal studies have examined the normative enforcement of the Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE) Law concerning child protection in digital spaces. Aims: This study aims to analyze the implementation of the ITE Law in regulating TikTok content lacking special filters for minors and to provide recommendations for strengthening digital protection. Results: Using a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, findings show that TikTok’s system does not fully comply with Article 16A Paragraph (4) of Law No. 1 of 2024, which mandates electronic system reliability and safety. Novelty: This study emphasizes the urgency of embedding legal obligations for digital platforms to ensure child safety online. Implications: The research encourages stronger collaboration between regulators, platform providers, and parents to establish a safe digital environment for children. Highlights: TikTok lacks specific filtering for minors as required by law. ITE Law mandates digital system accountability and safety. Strengthened legal cooperation ensures safer online environments for children. Keywords: ITE Law; TikTok; Digital Protection; Child Safety; Legal Regulation

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