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MEDIA PETERNAKAN - Journal of Animal Science and Technology

mediapeternakan
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : - EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Articles 12 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan" : 12 Documents clear

Antibacterial Activity of Garlic Extract Against some Pathogenic Animal Bacteria M Safithri; M Bintang; M Poeloengan
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The antimicrobial activity of garlic extract against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates was well studied. However, reports on antibacterial activity of garlic extract against some pathogenic bacteria in animals in Indonesia, are still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of water and ethanol extracts of garlic against Salmonella typhimurium in chickens, and Streptococcus agalactie, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus causing mastitis in dairy cows in Indonesia. A filtrate of fresh garlic was used to determine the antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% w/v, whereas, the antibacterial activity of water and ethanol extracts was determined against S. agalactie, E. coli, and S. aureus at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% w/v. Results showed that antibacterial activity of 30% garlic filtrate was equivalent to 10% tetracycline. Meanwhile, antibacterial activity of garlic aqueous extract on mastitis bacteria was better than that of the garlic ethanol extract. Aqueous extract of garlic at 20% had the same antibacterial activity as 0.01% ampicillin on mastitis bacteria. Filtrates of fresh garlic can be used to inhibit growth of S. typhimurium and mastitis bacteria.

Infectious Bronchitis Vaccination Protocols for Laying Hens A Sulaiman; J R Roberts
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

A research was conducted to investigate the effects of vaccination protocols for Infectious Bronchitis (IB) on egg production, egg quality, and IB antibody titres of laying hens. Different initial vaccination (Control, VicS eye, VicS spray, VicS water, A3 eye, A3 spray, and A3 water) for IB were administered to day-old Isa Brown hens. Half the hens were revaccinated regularly during lay whereas the other hens were not vaccinated. Results showed that initial vaccination treatment had significant effects on hen day egg production and egg quality of egg weight, shell reflectivity, shell breaking strength, shell thickness, albumen height, Haugh Units, and IB antibody titre levels, but had no effect on percentage of shell and yolk colour. Egg weight and shell reflectivity were less favourable in the control hens. In contrast, shell breaking strength and shell thickness were highest for the group that initially received A3 vaccine in water. However, regular revaccination had some deleterious effects on egg production and egg quality. There were no significant effects of revaccination on IB antibody titres. It is concluded that there was little advantage in regularly revaccinating laying hens for IB virus, since they had received appropriate initial vaccination.

Morphometric and Phylogenic Analysis of Six Population Indonesian Local Goats A Batubara; R R Noor; A Farajallah; B Tiesnamurti; M Doloksaribu
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The research objectives were to characterize morphometric and genetic distance between populations of Indonesian local goats. The morphological discriminant and canonical analysis were carried out to estimate the phylogenic relationship and determine the discriminant variable between Benggala goats (n= 96), Marica (n= 60), Jawarandu (n= 94), (Kacang (n= 217), Muara (n= 30) and Samosir (n= 42). Discriminant analysis used to clasify body weight and body measurements. In the analysis of variance showed that body weight and body measurement (body length, height at withers, thorax width, thorax height, hert girth, skull width and height, tail length and width, ear length and width) of Muara goats was higher (P<0.05) compared to the other groups, and the lowest was in Marica goats. The smallest genetic distance was between Marica and Samosir (11.207) and the highest were between Muara and Benggala (255.110). The highest similarity between individual within population was found in Kacang (99.28%) and the lowest in Samosir (82.50%). The canonical analysis showed high correlation on canon circumference, body weight, skull width, skull height, and tail width variables so these six variables can be used as distinguishing variables among population. The result from Mahalonobis distance for phenogram tree and canonical analysis showed that six populations of Indonesian local goats were divided into six breed of goats: the first was Muara, the second was Jawarandu, the third was Kacang, the fourth was Benggala, the fifth was Samosir and the sixth was Marica goats. The diversity of body size and body weight of goats was observed quite large, so the chances of increasing productivity could be made through selection and mating programs.

The Comparison of Doxycycline Residue in the Meat of Broiler Chickens Administered in Feed and Water A D Wijayanti; . Wihandoyo; A W Rosetyadewi
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of doxycycline (a tetracycline derivative) administered at disease-prevention dose given daily in the feed and drinking water on the residue level in the broiler-chicken meat. Doxycycline at concentration of 100 ppm was mixed in the drinking water (1 g of doxycycline in 10 L of drinking water) and feed (1 g of doxycycline in 10 kg of feed). Samples of chicken meat were taken every week to measure their residue level. Analysis of doxycycline level was performed using high performance liquid chromatography with extraction method referring to the standard of Association of Official Analytical Chemistry. The result showed that the residue level in the group of chickens given doxycycline through drinking water was higher (P<0.05) than in the group given doxycycline through the feed, except for the result in the 5th week, that showed no significant difference. The highest residue level was found at the first week in the group given doxycycline in drinking water (0.96±0.15 µg/g), while the lowest was found at the sixth week in the group given doxycycline in the feed (0.10±0.01 µg/g). The level of doxycycline residue exceeding the level permitted by the Indonesian National Standard (0.1 µg/g). It can be concluded that doxycycline is not recommended to be given daily both through water or feed to commercial chickens as a disease-prevention agent.

Changes of Physico–Chemical Properties of Pig Slurry During Storage . Mansyur; Hong L Choi
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

This study was aimed to determine changes of the characteristics of raw pig slurry as liquid organic fertilizer at various storage times. A completely randomized design was used in this research. The treatments were storage times, i.e.: 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. Variables observed were loss of the slurry, degree of acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD), soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), total phosphate (TP), and dissolve reactive phosphate (DRP). The results showed that storage time significantly affected all the observed variables, except the concentration of NO3-N and total phosphate content. The pH, TS, VS, DRP, and losses of slurry lost during storage times increased, while EC, TN, NH3-N, tCOD, and sCOD decreased. Physico-chemical properties of slurry during storage times changed, as a result of organic matter breakdown.

Gelatin Properties of Goat Skin Produced by Calcium Hydroxide as Curing Material M I Said; S Triatmojo; Y Erwanto; A Fudholi
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Application of strong bases as curing materials has been widely applied in commercial gelatin industries, but the application of weak bases has not been much done. Application of strong bases as a treatment was not economical and assumed to affect human health. Studies were conducted on the properties of goat skin gelatin manufactured using weak base types of Ca(OH)2 and then compared with properties of commercial gelatin. Skins from Bligon goats of 1.5 to 2.5 years old was used as the raw materials and Ca(OH)2 100 g/l as curing materials. The 2x3 factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used as a design study. Two curing times (2 and 4 days) and three concentrations (3, 6, 9% v/v) were used as treatments, and commercial gelatin (pure (P) by Merck, food grade (Fg) and pharmacy standards (Ps)) were used as control. Gelatin produced from goat skins using Ca(OH)2 had properties similar to that of commercial gelatin. The heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Zn) contained in goat skin gelatin still meet the INS standards. The optimum production of gelatin has been generated through the application of 4-day curing time at a concentration of 9% (v/v).

Genetic Polymorphisms of the Coding Region (Exon 6) of Calpastatin in Indonesian Sheep M I.A Dagong; C Sumantri; R R Noor; R Herman; M Yamin
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Calpastatin (CAST) is an indigenous inhibitor of calpain that involved in regulation of protein turn over and growth. The objective of this research was to identify genetic polymorphisms in the entire exon 6 of calpastatin gene in Indonesian local sheep. A PCR-SSCP method was carried out to identify genetic variation of CAST gene. In total 258 heads of local sheep from 8 populations were investigated, three groups of samples were Thin Tail Sheep (TTS) from Sukabumi, Jonggol, and Kissar. The rest samples were Priangan sheep (PS) from Margawati (Garut meat type) and Wanaraja (Garut fighting type) and Fat Tail Sheep (FTS) from Donggala, Sumbawa, and Rote islands. SSCP analysis revealed that three different SSCP patterns corresponded to three different alleles in the CAST locus (CAST-1, 2, and 3 allele) with five different genotypes. Genetic variation between local sheep populations were calculated based on genotypic and allelic frequencies. Most populations studied were polymorphic, with genotype frequencies of CAST-11, CAST-12, CAST-22, CAST-32, and CAST-33 were 0.286, 0.395, 0.263, 0.046, and 0.007 respectively. CAST-1 and 2 alleles were most commonly found in all populations with total frequency was 0.970, while CAST-3 was a rare allele 0.030 and only found in TTS population. Variation in the CAST gene could be used for the next research as genetic diversity study or to find any association between CAST polymorphism with birth weight, growth trait and carcass quality in Indonesian local sheep.

Deer Frozen Semen Quality in Tris Sucrose and Tris Glucose Extender with Different Glycerol Concentrations W M. M Nalley; R Handarini; R I Arifiantini; T L Yusuf; B Purwantara; G Semiadi
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

In order to improve Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) frozen semen quality, the influence of sugar and glycerol concentration on semen characteristics of sperm was investigated. The semen was collected from five sexually mature Timor deer using an electroejaculator. The semen was evaluated and divided into six equal tubes and diluted with Tris sucrose glycerol 10% (TSG10); Tris sucrose glycerol 12% (TSG12); Tris sucrose glycerol 14% (TSG14); Tris glucose glycerol 10% (TGG10); Tris glucose glycerol 12% (TGG12); and Tris glucose glycerol 14% (TGG14). The diluted semen was packed in 0.3 ml minitub straw, equilibrated at 5 oC for 4 hours and frozen on liquid nitrogen vapor for 10 minutes. The total of forward motility, viability, acrosome integrity and membrane integrity were assessed in fresh, after equilibration and after thawing. Results demonstrated that the percentage of sperm motility in TSG10was higher (P (63.93±7.23%). The sperm in TSG10 and TSG14 extender were superior in acrosome as well as in membrane integrity. It was concluded that Tris Sucrose with 10% glycerol protected Timor deer sperm better than other combinations.

Rumen Fermentation, Blood Metabolites, and Performance of Sheep Fed Tropical Browse Plants D A Astuti; A S Baba; I WT Wibawan
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The in vitro study was designed to evaluate total gas production, dry matter degradability (DMD), and VFA profile; while in vivo study was designed to evaluate nutrient intakes, blood metabolites, and performance of sheep fed native grass mixed with Calliandra calothyrrus (CC), Leucaena leucochepala (LL), Moringa oleifera (MO), Gliricidea sepium (GS), and Artocarpus heterophyllus (AH). The best three from the in vitro results were used to formulate diets in in vivo study. Sixteen male growing sheep (average BW 20 kg) were fed 100% native grass (NG) as control; 70% NG + 30% GS; 70% NG + 30% MO; and 70% NG + 30% AH. Nutrient consumptions, DMD, blood metabolites, and sheep performances were analyzed by using Completely Randomized Design. The in vitro results showed that the total gas production and DMD of CC and LL were the lowest (P<0.05) while the highest was found in GS, MO, and AH treatments (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the in vivo results showed that nutrient intakes (DM, CP, and CF) of GS and AH rations were the highest. The ADG, concentration of albumin, and globulin in all treatments were similar, while total serum protein, triglycerides, and glucose concentration in MO and AH rations were higher than others. Serum cholesterol concentration in MO ration was the lowest, meanwhile the concentration of IgG was the highest (P<0.05). Supplementation of 30% MO was the best choice for optimum rumen fermentation and maintaining health status of local sheep.

Determination of in Vitro Digestibility of Tropical Feeds Using Cattle Faeces as Rumen Fluid Alternative R Utomo; M Soedjono; B P Widyobroto; . Sudirman
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The research was conducted to compare the ability of faeces dissolved in distilled water (P1), saline solution (P2), artificial saliva (P3), and rumen fluid (RF) as sources of inoculant in in vitro organic matter digestibilities (IVOMD) of rice straw, corn stover, napier grass, and pangola grass. The rumen fluid was collected from two rumen fistulated Ongole Crossbred Cows of 306 and 333 kg body weight (BW). The cows were fed 3% of BW consisted of 70% napier grass and 30% concentrate. At the end of 30 days feeding, faecal solution was made out of 350 g fresh faeces dissolved in 1 l of each solvent, homogenized using blender for 30 second, while rumen liquor were collected directly from fistula. After straining with four layers of cheesecloth both faecal solution and rumen liquid were mixed with artificial saliva (1:4 v/v). Fifty ml of each inoculants was pipetted into each incubator tube (100 ml) containing 500 mg sample. The tubes were then incubated at 39 oC for 48 h. Value of IVOMD of napier grass, rice straw, corn stover, and pangola grass did not differ among the faecal solvents, but significantly lower (Pin vitro organic matter to predict digestibility of fibrous feed determination. However, the faecal solvent as inoculant produced lower in vitro digestibility than that of rumen fluid.

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