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Articles 39 Documents
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Search results for , issue "4th International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology" : 39 Documents clear
Bioplastic Manufacturing from Durian Rind Cellulose Using the Phase Inversion Method Caecilia Pujiastuti; Adeela Alvhiani Muharomah
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 4th International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2023.3601

Abstract

Plastic waste in Indonesia in 2020 reached around 5.66 million tons, or 17.1% of the country's total waste based on Data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia (2020). Using bioplastics is one solution to this problem. Bioplastics are plastics made from biodegradable materials such as cellulose. Durian rind contains high levels of cellulose (50 - 60%) and lignin (5%). Durian rind cellulose can be extracted through delignification. Phase inversion is a process in which a polymer is changed in a controlled manner from a liquid to a solid state. Phase inversion method is used to make bioplastics from durian rind cellulose with the addition of chitosan and glycerol to test for the effect in mechanical test properties of bioplastic (tensile strength, elongation, swelling and biodegradation tests). Bioplastics are made with variations chitosan levels of 8%, 10%, 12%, 14% and 16% and variations glycerol levels of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%. The best bioplastic from durian rind cellulose is the variation of 16% chitosan and 1% glycerol. The bioplastic has a tensile strength value of 1.1603 Mpa, biodegradation of 98.99% in 12 days and swelling (water absorption capacity) of 25.11% and elongation of 12.20. %.
Carbon Conversion and Energy Consumption Analysis Carbonization of Coconut Shell at High Temperature Diana Silvia Rahma Wardhani; Kirana Aurelia Salshabila; Ardika Nurmawati; Wiliandi Saputro; Erwan Adi Saputro
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 4th International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2023.3602

Abstract

Carbon/charcoal is a chemical element with the symbol C. Coconut shell can be changed to carbon using a carbonization process. The carbonization process is the process of changing the original law material into black carbon through combustion in a closed space with limited air. Temperature and time carbonization are very influential in the carbonization process. This experiment aims to observe the effect of the duration of the carbonization process on the amount (yield) of coconut shell charcoal obtained by using mass balance analysis. In this experiment, the coconut shell was made into carbon with a carbonization process using a muffle furnace with a temperature of 400? for 1 hour and 2 hours. The result showed that 200 grams of dry coconut shell carbonized with 1 hour produced 49.45 grams of coconut shell, while carbonized with 2 hours produced 48.69 grams of carbon.
Increasing Phenol Levels in Liquid Smoke as an Antimicrobial from the Pyrolysis Results of Tobacco Stem Waste Using Distillation and Adsorption Methods Rasendriya Putra Reswara; Annisa Mutiara Salma Haque; Anita Ristikawati; Dimas Nur Arifianto; Ika Nawang Puspitawati
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 4th International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2023.3603

Abstract

Liquid smoke is obtained from the condensation of smoke resulting from burning biomass during the pyrolysis method. Biomass that can be used in the process of forming liquid smoke has the characteristics of containing cellulose and lignin. Liquid smoke contains ingredients that can be used as antimicrobial substances, namely phenolic compounds. The method that can be used to increase the phenol content in liquid smoke is the adsorption and distillation method. This research aims to increase the phenol content in the liquid smoke with a stage I purification process, namely, adsorption using an activated carbon adsorbent, and stage II purification, namely distillation at a temperature of 120 °C. The variables used in the research are variations in pyrolysis time (250°C, 300°C, and 350°C) and pyrolysis time (1 hour, 1.5 hours, and 2 hours). The results showed that liquid smoke experienced changes in the amount of phenol content. The highest phenol content obtained occurred at a variable temperature of 350 °C over 2 hours, amounting to 23.10 ppm, and increased after adsorption and distillation to 27.20 ppm. Changes in pH, density, and color in liquid smoke occur after distillation and adsorption, where the highest pH is 4.9, the lowest is 3.7, the highest density value is 1.011 gr/ml, and the lowest is 0.993 gr/ml.
Magnesium Addition Study in Phosphate Recovery from Struvite Mineral Formation Luluk Edahwati; Sutiyono; A. Khanifah; Lusy Larasati A; Indah N. F.
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 4th International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2023.3604

Abstract

An excessive concentration of phosphate in aquatic ecosystems can lead to various problems, such as the proliferation of algae, a phenomenon known as eutrophication. Eutrophication can disrupt the natural flow of water and harm aquatic life. To prevent these issues, it is essential to recover excess phosphate from the water. Phosphate is an essential element for plant growth, playing a vital role in various physiological processes. It accelerates root development, aids in the synthesis of proteins and minerals, promotes flowering and supports overall plant fertilization. The process of phosphate recovery typically involves specific conditions. Moreover, it can serve as a reserve for maintaining phosphate availability in the environment. The extraction of phosphates from water is carried out under specific conditions. This process involves maintaining a temperature of 30°C, with an aeration rate between 0.5 to 1 liter per minute. The pH of the treatment should be maintained within the range of 8 to 10. The molar ratio of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) can vary, with options like 1:1:1, 2:1:1, and 3:1:1. In the context of these parameters, the research findings indicate that the highest phosphate yield was achieved under specific conditions. The optimal conditions for phosphate recovery were a pH level of 8 and a molar ratio of MAP at 2:1:1, resulting in an impressive phosphate yield of 82,19%. These findings emphasize the importance of carefully managing phosphate levels in aquatic ecosystems while also highlighting the potential for efficient phosphate recovery processes to mitigate environmental issues related to excess phosphate concentrations.
Organic Coatings Material for Indoor Ultraviolet Blocking and Thermal Management: A Review Billy Sopater Maniani; Israel Isack Mirino; Primasari Cahya Wardhani; Pardi Sampe Tola
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 4th International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2023.3605

Abstract

Global warming leads to the enhanced greenhouse effect, causing Earth’s average temperature to rise, thus increasing energy use for the air conditioning system and refrigerator. Cooling systems contain ozone-depleting substances (ODS) when released into the atmosphere can contribute to ozone layer depletion, which results in high ultraviolet (UV) transmission. In this context, natural cooling systems have been developed to address this problem, however, they can also be a source of issues. Natural cooling systems utilize passive and low-energy methods to cool indoor spaces, these systems are based on natural phenomena, architectural design, and environmental conditions to maintain comfort in indoor temperature. Optical coating is an effective technique to maintain the indoor temperature. This method involves photothermal activity control by minimizing solar heat gained from infrared radiation absorption and selective reflection of UV radiation. Herein we review the development on organic material for indoor light selective coating, with a focus on lignin fabrication as an active material and its optical properties, namely UV blocking properties.
Preparation of Bioplastics from Pineapple Peel Nata and Rice Washing Water Sani; Amanah Nur Febrianti; Dwika Mahtris Nandani Putri; Dwi Hery Astuti
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 4th International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2023.3606

Abstract

Bioplastics are plastics made from natural materials such as starch, seeds, and tubers, then added cellulose such as nata. Bioplastics are easily degraded by microorganisms or moisture. Pineapple peel is a part of pineapple fruit that has been underutilized so it ends up as waste. The high carbohydrate content in pineapple fruit skin can potentially be used as raw material for making nata, with the addition of rice washing water which contains carbohydrates, starch, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, and vitamin B3 which can be utilized by microorganisms as a medium for making nata. The resulting nata is used as raw material for making bioplastics because the cellulose content in nata is quite high. The results of the analysis of cellulose content in the nata produced amounted to 42.78%. This study aims to make bioplastics from pineapple peel nata and rice washing water that meet the Japanesse Industrial Standard (JIS). The method of making bioplastics used is the solution casting method. The variables used in making this bioplastic are 15 grams of nata, plus 3.5 grams of chitosan with 500 rpm stirring for 10 minutes at 70 °C with the addition of glycerol variations of 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5, and 4% and variations of CMC ingredients 4; 6; 8; 10 and 12%. From the results of the study, the best results of bioplastics, namely the tensile strength value of 0.51 MPa, elongation of 71.49%, water resistance of 55.61%, and biodegradation of 35.81%, were obtained in the addition of CMC 8% and glycerol added 3.5%. The results of the bioplastic SEM test obtained a very tight and fairly flat bioplastic structure. In addition, the FTIR test found that bioplastics have 5 peaks where the 5 peaks represent the forming functional groups of bioplastics such as O-H functional groups.
Study of The Interaction of UV Photografting on The Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) in its Application as Food Packaging Nur Aini Fauziyah; Primasari Cahya Wardhani; Pardi Sampe Tola; Nailul Hasan; Dira Ernawati
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 4th International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2023.3607

Abstract

This review article focused on the investigation of UV radiation's interactions with PET plastic in photografting. The photografting technique involved exposing PET packaging to UV radiation before utilizing it to package food. Surface graft polymerization was frequently carried out using UV light, frequently in the presence of a photoinitiator or photosensitizer. The results were intriguing since UV irradiation caused by PET and UV interaction will result in a hydrophilic nature in order for surface photography to create photografting and PET film with antibacterial properties. Therefore, many other industries, including the food industry, use photografting in this way.
Bio-briquettes Derived from Rice Husks and Mushroom Cultivation Materials Ika Nawang Puspitawati; Sani; Suprihatin; Mutasim Billah; Caecillia P udjiastuti; AR Yelvia
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 4th International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2023.3608

Abstract

The bio briquette is a type of briquette that is derived from agricultural waste since it is intentionally produced using biomass charcoal. The processing of agricultural waste, such as mushroom planting material, into bio briquettes is characterized by its low cost. When bio briquettes undergo appropriate and accurate processing, they can yield briquettes of superior quality. The primary objective of this research endeavor was to generate a biobriquette using an agricultural byproduct derived from mushroom farming, while concurrently assessing the distinct attributes and properties of said biobriquette. The research utilized a total of 400 grams of waste from mushroom culture materials, together with an adhesive composed of 40 grams of starch. The briquette dough is subsequently extruded in a cylindrical shape. Subsequently, the mold briquettes are subjected to a heating process at a temperature of 80°C for 5 hours, to decrease the moisture content. The outcome of the smoke test indicates that the emission of smoke will cease after 75 seconds. In the conducted Combustion of Speed Test, the obtained findings indicate a combustion rate of 0.425 grams per minute, using an initial sample weight of 5.8 grams. The ash content yielded a reading of 10.6%.
Bioethanol Generation Through the Fermentation Process of Pineapple and Black Grape Utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus Ika Nawang Puspitawati; Sintha Soraya Santi; Kindriari Nurma Wahyusi; Sani
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 4th International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2023.3609

Abstract

Bioethanol is an alcohol molecule that is derived through the process of fermentation using microorganisms. Fermentation is a biological process in which microbes metabolize fermentable sugars as a source of nourishment, resulting in the production of ethyl alcohol and various other byproducts. These microbes commonly metabolize 6-carbon carbohydrates, with glucose being one of the most prevalent examples. Hence, biomass materials rich in glucose or glucose precursors are the most readily convertible to bioethanol. The examination of bioethanols employing Saccharomyces bayanus demonstrated notable disparities in the obtained alcohol concentration. The utilization of Saccharomyces bayanus yeast, in the absence of sugar supplementation, for the conversion of grape into bioethanol, yielded a modest alcohol concentration of merely 14%. In the context of bioethanol production, pineapple was utilized as a substrate, wherein 4 grams of Saccharomyces bayanus yeast and an additional 70 grams of sugar were introduced as a nutritional supply to support yeast growth and metabolism. The present fermentation procedure resulted in an alcohol concentration of around 21%.
Comparative Study of the Effect of Crude Palm Oil on Environmental Quality with Parameters: Lux, Vibration, and Noise Levels in Engines Nur Fadilah Rizky Supramono; Fawwaz Aqillah Nurmansyah; Muhammad Ikhsan; Erwan Adi Saputro; Wiliandi Saputro
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings 4th International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/nstp.2023.3610

Abstract

Fuel is a primary component in engines used across various applications, including diesel engines. In an effort to reduce environmental impact, alternative fuels have become a focal point of Attention. One highly promising alternative fuel is Crude Palm Oil. The potential of Crude Palm Oil to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil resources has made it an intriguing subject of research. However, differences in the characteristics between Crude Palm Oil and diesel fuel can affect engine performance and environmental conditions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the direct impact of using Crude Palm Oil, heated to 90°C, on environmental conditions, including Lux levels, vibration, noise levels, and engine power. Crude Palm Oil was used as the fuel, and Dexlite was used as the comparative fuel. Testing was conducted over a 56-hour operational period, with a constant load of 4 kW and a constant engine RPM of 2200. The research findings indicate that engines running on Crude Palm Oil produce lower Lux levels compared to those using Dexlite. Through a series of three-point tests, it was observed that Dexlite produced Lux values 3,9%, 26,12%, and 59,36% higher than Crude Palm Oil. This difference is due to the lower power output of Crude Palm Oil-fueled engines, approximately 24% lower than Dexlite-fueled engines. Additionally, engines fueled by Crude Palm Oil exhibited vibrations 10,07%, 7,14%, and 5,11% higher at the three measurement points, along with noise levels 1,8%, 1,08%, and 1,15% higher. These differences can be attributed to the distinct characteristics of the two fuels, highlighting their impact on engine performance and environmental conditions. It is clear that the choice of fuel type significantly affects Lux parameters, vibration, and noise levels, with Dex lite emerging as the superior option in terms of noise reduction and lighting intensity due to its higher power output.

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