Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
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<![CDATA[The Problem of Torture in Italy and its Influence to Potential EU Member States. The case of Macedonia ]]>
<![CDATA[Jordanoski, Petar]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2011): May 2011 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Human rights, democracy and the rule of law are core values of the EU and are seen as universal and indivisible. Respectfor human rights is a prerequisite for countries seeking to join the Union. Therefore, Macedonia as a candidate country is in the processof fulfilling EU standards in the protection of the human rights. However, huge problem emerges when some of the country members ofthe EU is not respecting and furthermore violates basic human rights of his citizens. As the academic in the country which is supposed tobecome EU member one day, we have huge problem to explain to the people why they should implement some human right standard, ifthat is not the case in some prominent EU member country. Referring to common good and higher values is not always enough. In thispaper will I focus only on two countries: Macedonia and Italy. The first one due the reason is the country where I am living, state intransition trying to reach the European values or at least claiming so. The second one because is one of the oldest EU member states andit’s perceived as one of the most important countries in Europe. Moreover it’s facing with some problem as transition countries do:corruption, freedom of press, fight with mafia, populist leader, illegal immigration and other. I will focus just on the prohibition ontorture as one of the most basic and most fundamental human right.]]>
<![CDATA[Cultural Arguments Against Offensive Speech in Malaysia: Debates Between Liberalism and Asian Values on Pornography and Hate Speech ]]>
<![CDATA[Sani, Mohd Azizuddin Mohd]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2011): May 2011 ]]>
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<![CDATA[This article is about analysing two issues of pornography and hate speech in the context of political theory and Malaysianpolitics. This article examines both issues from liberals arguments and it shows that although liberalism supports the right for free speech,since the 1970s many liberals feel that pornography and hate speech should not be part of free speech doctrine because both are notcontributing for the public good in democratic system and they are also detrimental to the society. By using the cultural arguments ofAsian values, Malaysia totally rejects these practices because they are not suitable in a cultural and religious conscious Malaysianmultiracial society. Although many are sceptic about the use of Asian values for the rejection and the uses of hate speech by peopleincluding the government, opposition and NGOs for political gain, in principle, Malaysians are in consensus of rejecting both issues forthe good of society.]]>
<![CDATA[Monetary Implication of Environmental Disamenities on Housing Investment in Lagos State: The Ojota Scenerio ]]>
<![CDATA[Akinjare, O. A]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2011): May 2011 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Numerous studies have ascertained the diminutionary tendencies of disamenities such as solid waste landfills on real estateinvestments despite previous mixed conclusions. This study examines one of the four landfills in Lagos State- Olusosun landfill locatedin Ojota, Lagos and its estimated financial implication on the real estate market in Lagos State, Nigeria. A relational distance of 1200m radius was established between the landfill and residential properties by which property values were measured based on consistentintervals of 300meters up to 1 200 meters in concentric rings. The study indicated within the Olusosun landfill neighbourhood, anincrease in property values were evident as distance away from the landfills increased indicating that residential houses in close proximityto the landfills suffered value loss. Property appreciation relative to distance averaged 6% within the concentric rings of the landfill whilethe an estimated total loss on the real estate market via the landfill found to be approximately =N=2.1billion. The study recommendedthat if improved technology could not be utilised in the effective management of the various sanitary landfills within developed areas of thestate, the current landfills in operation be closed down and relocated to the outskirts of the city to forestall a consistent appreciation in realestate investment in the state.]]>
<![CDATA[Factors Behind High Performance ]]>
<![CDATA[Tuan, Luu Trong]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2011): May 2011 ]]>
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<![CDATA[According to Rogers (2005), the Bain analysis shows that only around 15% of companies actually have an organization thathelps them to outperform. In creating high-performance environment, leaders recognize three critical factors that determine and guide theirleadership responsibility. First, they must learn how to lead themselves before they can lead others successfully. Second, they are notactually delivering the vision themselves, but merely overseeing its delivery by the “real†performers in the organization. Third, leadersshould distinguish “leader†from “leadershipâ€. Not everyone can be a leader, but everyone in the organization can assume leadership roles.]]>
<![CDATA[Do Mature Companies Pay More Dividends? Evidence from Pakistani Stock Market ]]>
<![CDATA[Afza, Talat]]>;
<![CDATA[Mirza, Hammad Hassan]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2011): May 2011 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Dividend policy is among the most important unresolved issues in modern corporate finance. Several researches have tried tosolve the dividend puzzle yet, the results are inconclusive as to what determines the optimal dividend policy. Present study has analyzedthe impact of firm’s age on its dividend policy. Using the financial data of 120 companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE),Pakistan during 2002 to 2007, this study has explored the non-linear relationship of company’s age with dividend policy. A cubic formof model has been designed by using age, age-square and age-cube as independent variables while controlling for leverage and profitability.The estimated results are consistent with maturity hypothesis and free cash flow hypothesis. The study also supports the impact of tradecycle on dividend policy of listed companies of Pakistan. The results are robust to the alternative proxy of dividend policy i.e. dividendintensity.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of Poverty Indices in Underdeveloped Countries: Nigeria Scenario ]]>
<![CDATA[Otu, Judith. E.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2011): May 2011 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The socio-economic condition in Nigeria, present a perplexing paradox. In spite of a robust endowment in natural andhuman resources, the level of poverty of her people stands in contrast to the country’s enormous wealth. This paper seek to criticallyanalyse the poverty incident with specific reference to poverty incidence, poverty profile , poverty trend, type of poverty, measurement ofpoverty and the major causes of poverty in Nigeria. However, data were obtained from federal office of statistics and Central Bank ofNigeria (CBN) and the result shows that despite the abundant natural and human resources in Nigeria, the amazing paradox – acountry rich with plenty but occupied by people whom majority are perpetually poor and underdeveloped. Therefore, effective programmesmost be design if of poverty must be given a lasting solution in the area.]]>
<![CDATA[An Investigation of the Efficiency in Nigeria Real Estate Agency Practice ]]>
<![CDATA[Iroham, C. O.]]>;
<![CDATA[Oluwunmi, A. O.]]>;
<![CDATA[Ayedun, C. A.]]>;
<![CDATA[Oloyede , S. A.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2011): May 2011 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Estate agency which has been researched upon particularly in the UK, US and Asia is still in its infancy in Nigeria. Thisresearch aims at discovering the impact of different agency types in the efficiency of Nigeria real estate practice. The study of 159 EstateSurveying firms and 91 Property development companies in the commercial nerve centre of the country (Lagos) representing both agentsand principal (vendor/purchasers) respectively, indicates that multiple agency is mostly adopted in Nigeria real estate practice. TheRelative Important Index coupled with Chi-Square test at 0.05 level of significance supports the posit of certain inefficiencies synonymouswith multiple agency as discovered in an earlier work carried out in the UK. The researchers thereby advocated the modification of subagencypractice particularly to involve the consent and commitment of principals so as to eradicate all inefficiencies by safeguarding theinterest of all parties. A call for focus on the neglected real estate agency research among Nigeria researchers is also advocated.]]>
<![CDATA[Millennium Development Goals and the Poverty Question in Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Benedict, Akpomuvie Orhioghene]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2011): May 2011 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The paper examined the poverty question in Nigeria within the context of the Millennium Development Goals (NDGs),adopted by the United Nations in 2000. Over the past decades, Nigeria’s preoccupation with development has had very marginal success.The past failures and depressing prospects have provoked a great amount of concern. The paper revealed that most Nigerians are worse offthan they were; health and nutrition problems are widespread and infrastructure eroding rapidly. It further revealed that the achievementof the goal of stopping the traumatic march of poverty has so far eluded Nigeria and may not be able to achieve the ambitious MillenniumDevelopment Goal target of reducing poverty by half by 2015. The paper however, called for target policy interventions to protect the poorand a culture of prudent fiscal and monetary policy with incentives for non-oil growth and the development of the private sector.]]>
<![CDATA[Predicting Residential Property Values Around Landfill Neighbourhoods in Lagos, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Akinjare, O. A.]]>;
<![CDATA[Oloyede, S. A.]]>;
<![CDATA[Ayedun, C. A.]]>;
<![CDATA[Ajibola, M. A.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2011): May 2011 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Some studies have proven landfills to negatively impact value of residential properties within kilometers of proximity while fewothers have generated mixed conclusions. This study establishes a predictive model for residential property values within 1 200mproximity to the four landfills in Lagos State by examining their varying sizes, operating status and history inclusive of diminutiontendencies. The relationship between each landfill and property values were measured based on interval of 300meters up to 1 200 metersin concentric rings.The resultant model validates the findings of the study that across the four landfill sites, increases in property values were evidentas distance away from the landfills increased indicating that residential houses in close proximity to the landfills suffered value loss.Property appreciation relative to distance averaged 5.75% within the concentric rings for all four landfills.The study suggested the closure of all landfils within residential areas and a relocation of such to uninhabited areas in the city’s outskirtin order to promote sustained value appreciation]]>
<![CDATA[Importance of Accessibility to Reliable Data for Real Estate Practice ]]>
<![CDATA[Ajibola , M. O.]]>;
<![CDATA[Ogungbemi , A. O.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2011): May 2011 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Availability of and accessibility to accurate, reliable and timely data is germane to the operation of the property market, in thefield of estate surveying and valuation either for valuation/appraisal, management and agency purposes. In this study, the researcherexamines the factors militating against accessibility to such data. The study was conducted using questionnaires, administered onpracticing Estate Surveyors and Valuers, within Lagos Metropolis. 190 questionnaire was retrieved out of 300 questionnaire (i.e. 63%)administered on the respondents selected from the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers’ Directory and this was used forthe analysis. The study revealed that inaccessibility to reliable data is a major barrier to valuation consistency. The study further revealedthat there is the need for members of the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers, just like their counterpart in RICS,UK, to join hands together and create a strong databank comparable to that of the Investment Property Databank (IPD). Thedatabank created as such should therefore be available and accessible to anyone that requires such information, even at a token.]]>
