Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
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Factors Influencing the Formulation of A Viable Urban Development Policy in South Africa
Makhanye, Samu;
Myrick, Darrell
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 12 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing
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At the time of the 1994 democratic elections, South African cities were characterised bysub-standard housing, service delivery backlogs and serious problems in municipalspending. Indeed, there were, and still are, spatial anomalies associated with “apartheidcities†and the struggle to dismantle local government structures reminiscent of apartheidadministrations. High unemployment and poverty-stricken households further exacerbatedthe urban policy landscape. Nevertheless, the way forward was directed by the ANC’sReconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) that aimed to address basic humanneeds. That same development programme provided the backdrop for a South AfricanConstitution (1996) that proclaimed inalienable rights for all South Africans – housingbeing one of those paramount rights. Sadly, urban policies for human settlements werehastily developed and driven by political agendas that focused too far into the future,failing to address immediate housing needs. Moreover, urban policies were at timessimplistic and at times too complex, serving only to make policy formulation much moredifficult. This article discusses policy for urban development in the context of the politicaleconomy of South Africa. The aim is to explore the challenges and barriers to formulatingan urban policy.
The Nigerian Budgeting Process A Framework for Increasing Employment Performance
Faleti, Kazeem Olabode;
Myrick, Darrell
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 12 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing
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There have been several systematic inquiries into the functioning of Nigeria’s budgetimplementation process, and employment performance, particularly over the past fewdecades in order to diagnose the country’s budget implementation problems. This articlereports on an investigation into the effects of the formal budgeting process, budgetaryparticipation, sector size, and ownership on the employment performance of Nigerianministries, departments, agencies and parastatals. The study drew on observations from thearea of financial planning and control and its influence on employment performance, andwas conducted to fill the gap in previous literature about how budgeting practice affectsemployment performance. Hopefully, this theoretical exploration will provide fresh insightinto the possible correlation between budgeting practice and employment performance. Acombination of financial and non-financial measurements is suggested to reflect theeffectiveness of budgeting practice on employment performance. The findings provide moreevidence regarding the impact of the budgeting process on employment performance, andsuggestions for increasing employment performance level in Nigeria are provided, thusproviding possible solutions to similar challenges faced by other developing countries.
Perceptions of Hostel Dwellers The Conversion of Hostels into Family Units
Mpehle, Zwelibanzi
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 12 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
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The establishment of hostels during the apartheid era was seen as immediate and long termsolution to accommodate black male migrant workers who were primarily from the SouthernAfrica region, who were contracted to work in the mines and industries. These hostels werebuilt next to townships that were designated as black residential areas located, far from thecities and towns that were inhabited by whites. These camps offered cheap and affordableaccommodation for the poor migrant workers who lived in forlorn poverty. The initiative of theNational Department of Housing in launching the Public Sector Hostels Re-DevelopmentProgramme with the initial funding of R325-million to change the deploring, congested andfilthy hostels into a clean habitation suited for occupation by families was embraced by hostelinmates as a critical government’s muscle to integrate them into local communities and makingthem more homely. This article argues that, although the government’s effort in convertinghostels into family units was seen as the right step in restoring human dignity and social fibrein muddled families, there are obstacles that make dreams of thousand hostel dwellers notrealised in good time.