Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
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<![CDATA[Abuse of Law in the Context of the European Tax Law: Analyse of the Question of Direct Taxation of Cross Border Self-Employers Incomes ]]>
<![CDATA[Tahiraj, Rezarta]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The notion of the abuse of law it is a concept that reveals in private law in many jurisdictions. In relation to the European TaxLaw, the principle of the abuse of law it is consistent with the principles of primacy and effectiveness. Recently, the Court of Justice ofthe European Union has resorted to the concept quite often when dealing with the reach of the fundamental freedoms guaranteed by theTreaty of the European Union. The proposed paper applies the abuse of law concept to European Tax Law related to the question of thedirect taxation of cross border self-employers incomes. Of central importance here are the rules issued from the Court of Justice of theEuropean Union that legitimize, when assessing the absence of the harmonized rules in the field of the direct taxation, restrictivemeasures of the fundamental freedoms of establishment and to provide services in relation of the self-employers. The proposed paperstarts by exploring the context of the debate related to the abuse of law with respect to European Tax Law. The general elements of theabuse of law concept are then presented. It is an interpretative concept that looks at the dominant purpose of a particular legal provision.The proposed paper explores this concept with respect to potential abuses in relation of direct taxation of cross border self-employersconcerning the freedoms of establishment and to provide services. The proposed paper concludes with the conclusion that theadaptation of the restrictive measure of the freedoms of establishment and to provide services in relation of the direct taxation of crossborder self-employers are justified only in the general interest and for which need the proportionality principle.]]>
<![CDATA[Side Effect of Antigipsy Stigma. Ponticelli's Case and the Prejudice in Public and Legal Speech ]]>
<![CDATA[Cappanera, Carla]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[In this paper I would like to show, through a case-study analysis, how political, legal, media topics about Roma people, in Italy,are shaped by some negative believes and stereotypes. This frame lead to creating, in the common sense, the idea of danger that gobeyond real situation.The stereotype that I want to analyze – that is part of the elements that led to sentence for three Roma women overlast thirty years – is constituted by association of ideas between Roma woman and children’s kidnapper.]]>
<![CDATA[The Dynamics and Legislative Mechanisms of the Collectivisation of Agriculture in Romania. Case Study: The Evolution of the Process of Collectivization in the Former Administrative Region of Cluj (1949-1962) ]]>
<![CDATA[Borsa, Sanda]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[Carried out after the model offered by the Soviet Union, the collectivization of agriculture in Romania has been achievedbetween 1949-1962. The subordination of the rural world by the Communist regime, through the collectivization of agriculture, wasachieved, on the one hand, by abolishing private ownership of land and the establishment of cooperative agricultural units (CollectiveAgricultural Farms, Agricultural Associations of Peasants, Agricultural Production Cooperative) and on the other hand, through a seriesof abuses of those responsible for collectivization (quotas, taxes, threats, intimidation, expulsion of children from school if their parentsdid not agree to join the collective farm household or firing the parents for the same reason). The collectivization of agriculture in Clujregion has experienced three distinct phases: 1949-1952 – the emergence of the first Collective Agricultural Farms and AgriculturalAssociations of Peasants; 1953-1958 - the period characterized by a slowdown in the process of collectivization and 1959-1962 - periodcharacterized by an intensification of the collectivization of agriculture, process perceptible through the number of families placed inthese units and also through the many Agricultural Associations of Peasants transformed or merged into Collective Agricultural Farms.This process of intensification of the collectivization is also visible through the merge of various Collective Agricultural Farms in order tofacilitate the establishment of larger agricultural units.]]>
<![CDATA[Human Rights Mechanisms for the Protection of Women and Children from Enforced Disappearance ]]>
<![CDATA[Janina, Suela]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[Gender inequality is one of the most pervasive forms of social inequality and is often exacerbated by conflict and situations ofgross human rights violations. Enforced disappearance can be among the factors leading to deterioration in the living conditions ofwomen and girls, poverty, violence, multiple forms of discrimination and the limitation or denial of their human rights. The fact thatwomen around the world already suffer from unequal status and treatment compared with men magnifies the difficulties they face asrelatives of the disappeared. The enforced disappearance of children is an especially disturbing practice and complex in the issues towhich it gives rise legally, morally and socially. The disappearance of a child is a clear contravention of a number of provisions of theConvention on the Rights of the Child. This article aims to analyze the legal mechanisms provided by human rights treaties for theprotection of women and children as vulnerable groups affected by enforced disappearance. The focus of the analyze is concentrated onthe UN Convention against enforced disappearance as the universal legal instrument for the protection of all persons from thisinternational crime. Some recommendations will be provided for the state parties to implement legislation and policies aimed to protectand promote the rights of women and children.]]>
<![CDATA[Strategies Used in the Translation into Albanian of Allusions in Walt Whitman's Poetry ]]>
<![CDATA[Pema, Alketa]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[A translator who examines a text with a view to translate it will have a number of concerns. Among them, allusions are likely tobecome puzzles when they cross a cultural divide. Translating allusions can be a demanding task due to the fact that theysimultaneously activate two texts and have specific meanings in the culture and language in which they arise but not necessarily inothers. However, the use of allusions by an author shows an expectation that the reader is familiar with the references made, otherwisethe effect is lost. Taking this into account, the present study focuses on personal proper noun and key phrase allusions in the poems ofthe- famous American poet Walt Whitman and their translations into Albanian. It aims to investigate how translation- strategies wouldprovide the translators, in particular the novice ones, with useful insights concerning intertextual references in general and allusions inparticular in order that the translators might find it no more challenging a task. In order to achieve the above mentioned purpose, thepersonal proper noun and key-phrase allusions in Leaves of Grass and their equivalents in the Albanian translation were first identified.Then, Leppihalme's (1997) proposed strategies for the translation of allusions were analyzed. The analysis revealed that the mostcommon strategy for the translation of personal proper nouns was that of 'retention without any guidance' and for key-phrase allusionswas that 'literal translation with minimum change'. This is indicative of the translator's wish to be as faithful as possible to the sourcetexts to demonstrate that the allusive language of the original texts and connotations conveyed by them were largely ignored by thetranslator.]]>
<![CDATA[Henrik Ibsen. Drammatis Personae Between Reality and Fiction ]]>
<![CDATA[Gokaj, Rregjina]]>;
<![CDATA[Turku, Marsela]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[Literature is a powerful way of transmitting ideas and attitudes thus intercultural communication comes through authors’ ideasand readers’ assumptions. This article will be focussed in some major dramas of Henrik Ibsen, as one of the most powerfulrepresentatives of European drama of the late nineteenth century. His contribution to the modern thought is, without doubt, vital andprecious especially in Pillars of Society, A Doll’s House, Ghosts, Hedda Gabler etc. This article is going to browse some of Ibsen’s playsconsidering the usage he makes of symbols and symbolism, reality and realism. ‘A Doll’s House’ is considered a landmark in thedevelopment of what soon became a highly prevalent genre of theatre – realism, which strives to portray life accurately and shunsidealized visions of it. Thus Ibsen presents us to Nora and Helmer who are the antitypes of Mr. and Mrs. Alving of ‘Ghosts’. If weconsider ‘Ghosts’, which followed ‘A Doll’s House’ not only consequently but even in the realistic and innovative mode of writing, the ideaof marriage is quite a useless sacrifice of human beings who do not have the same interests or principles in life. Some of these featuresmay also be seen in The Lady from the Sea with Ellida and Wangel and their relationship. These aspects and others of Henrik Ibsen’splays will be the focus of this paper, showing the playwright’s contribution to World Literature.]]>
<![CDATA[Euro-Atlantic Integration of Macedonia and the Name Issue: Viewed from the Prism of Albanians ]]>
<![CDATA[Azizi, Abdula]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[Relying on the fact that Macedonia since its independence has been faced with various challenges in the path of Euro-Atlanticintegration of the country, and as one of the main challenges still remains the name dispute resolution with Greece. In this regard, wenotice that the political parties but especially the citizens do not have a common standpoint on this issue. In fact, the opposite extremepositions that have built communities on how to resolve the aforementioned dispute increase the gap between them. Precisely, in thispaper dilemmas will be shown about the Euro-Atlantic future of Macedonia concerning the resolution of the dispute with the state name,seen from the standpoint of citizens. In particular, it will analyze the empirical data arising from the survey conducted with the citizens ofthe Albanian community in Macedonia, about their beliefs on the state name dispute resolution - as an obstacle to Euro-Atlanticintegration of the country. I believe that the results of this paper will give to the political subjects a clearer picture on the attitudes ofcitizens on this issue, especially those representing the Albanian community in the Macedonian government.]]>
<![CDATA[Issues of Treatment and Use of Periods with Dependent Consequential Sentences in the Standard Albanian Language ]]>
<![CDATA[Kurani, Aida]]>;
<![CDATA[Muho, Anita]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper is focused in the period with dependent consequential sentence in the Albanian (standard) language, as is hasbeen expressed in the second volume of the “Grammar of Albanian Language†(Syntax), publication of the Academy of Sciences ofAlbania, or in some other normative work. Considering it by the viewpoint of the language culture, we are of the opinion that someconstructions of foreign source must be left out of the syntactic norm or must get limited in their use, eg. “Është shumë e mirë, për tëqenë e vërtetëâ€, which seems to sound unnatural, or the subtype with the connection në mënyrë që and predicate as a verb in theindicative mode. On the other hand, we are of the opinion that in the written discourse, especially in the publicity style or in the medialanguage in general (including movies' or documentaries' translations from foreign languages), must be used more intensively theconsequential periods faced more often in the popular language or in the spoken discourse, such as those with the dependent sentencebeing connected to the main one through the connection që with a commonly connected word or not. We think that this would not onlybring the written variation nearer to the spoken variation of the Albanian standard language, but it would also put one more stone in thewalls of the “castle†of the Albanian syntax language.]]>
