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Muhamad Thohar Arifin
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Muhamad Thohar Arifin MD. PhD. Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Kec. Tembalang, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50275 Email: dimjoffice@gmail.com
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Diponegoro International Medical Journal (DIMJ)
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : Without     EISSN : 27455815     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/dimj
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Diponegoro International Medical Journal (DIMJ) ISSN Number: 2745-5815 welcomes contributions which promote the exchange of ideas and rational discourse between practicing educators and medical researchers all over the world. DIMJ is an international, peer review, electronic, and open access journal. DIMJ is seeking an original and high-quality manuscript. Areas of interest in all aspects of medical and physiology include but are not limited to the following topics: Modelling of diagnose and cure of human diseases The scientific underpinning of medicine and pathophysiology Biochemistry and biology molecular solution Decision support systems Biomedicine Any experimental design and statistical analysis The application of new analytical and study methods (including biomolecular studies)
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 6, No 1 (2025): July 2025" : 10 Documents clear
Screening of Refractive Disorders and Eye Health Awareness: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Elementary School Children in Semarang Saubig, Arnila Novitasari; Nugroho, Trilaksana; Rahmi, Fifin Luthfia; Dharma, Andhika Guna
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i1.23477

Abstract

Introduction: Refractive disorders are the leading cause of visual impairment. Uncorrected refractive errors in children can significantly impact their development, especially regarding education and psychosocial growth.Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of refractive disorders and to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to eye health among elementary school children at SemarangMethodology: This is a descriptive study involving 200 students from SDN Wonotingal Semarang as the sample. The study included eye examinations to identify refractive disorders in students and a questionnaire to collect data on their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding eye health. Data were collected through school-based eye screening and were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 26.Results: The prevalence of refractive disorders among children at SDN Wonotingal Semarang was 14%, with Astigmatism Myopia Compositus being the most common type of refractive disorder at 67.9%. Among the 28 children with refractive disorders, the majority were 11 years old (75%). Refractive disorders were more prevalent in females (64.29%) than males (35.71%). The questionnaire data revealed that a large number of children had poor knowledge about eye health (97.9%). However, most children exhibited good attitudes (79.5%) and behaviors (66.0%) regarding eye health.Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive disorders among children at SDN Wonotingal Semarang is 14%, with Astigmatism Myopia Compositus being the most common type. A significant number of children still have poor knowledge about eye health.
A Systematic Review of High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols and Their Effects in BMI And Metabolic Biomarkers in Obese Adolescents: A Focus on Randomized Controlled Trials Ajoekesoema, Tanti; Crisdayani, Carissa Putri; Syaravina, Elita; Rachmawati, Banundari; Susanto, Hardhono; Tulaar, Angela B. M.
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i1.26720

Abstract

Background: Adolescent obesity is a growing public health concern, associated with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has been identified as a potential intervention to improve weight management and metabolic health in this population.Objective: To evaluate the impact of HIIT, alone or in combination with dietary advice, on weight management and metabolic health indicators, including Body Mass Index (BMI), fasting serum glucose levels, and metabolic biomarkers in adolescents with overweight or obesity.Methods: This systematic review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on adolescents aged 16 to 19 with a BMI of 23 kg/m² or above. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria, excluding cross-over trials and quasi-randomized studies. Primary outcomes were changes in BMI, fasting serum glucose, and metabolic biomarkers. Secondary outcomes included measures of insulin resistance. The GRADE methodology was used to appraise the certainty of evidence.Results: Five RCTs were included, demonstrating that HIIT, especially when combined with dietary advice, significantly improves insulin sensitivity, reduces waist circumference, and enhances cardiometabolic health. The interventions varied in duration and intensity but consistently showed positive outcomes in physical fitness, metabolic biomarkers, and body composition.Conclusion: HIIT, particularly when integrated with dietary advice, offers a promising strategy for managing obesity and improving metabolic health among adolescents. This review supports the adoption of multidisciplinary approaches in clinical practice, aiming to enhance the overall health outcomes of adolescents with overweight or obesity.
The Effect of Nasal Irrigation on The Severity of Nasal Obstruction among Toll Gate Officers : A Randomized Controlled Trial Karmilah MH, Faradis; Kusuma Dewi, Anna Mailasari
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i1.26920

Abstract

Background: Traffic-related air pollution can trigger inflammation of the nasal tissues, potentially leading to nasal obstruction. Toll gate officers are at risk of exposure to this pollution. Nasal irrigation with isotonic saline solution can lessen the symptoms of nasal obstruction.Objective: To evaluate the effect of nasal irrigation on the severity of nasal obstruction on toll gate officers.Methods: This true experimental study employed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a pre-and posttest design. A total of 42 toll gate officers from Jasamarga Company, Semarang, participated in the study. Two groups were formed from the participants: one received the treatment, the other served as a control. Participants in the treatment group received nasal irrigation with isotonic saline solution once daily for 14 days. Nasal obstruction was evaluated using the NOSE Scale and PNIF. Statistical analyses were accomplished using the T-test, Wilcoxon test, and Mann-Whitney U test.Results: A clear difference was detected in the degree of nasal obstruction, both as measured by NOSE Scale (p=0,018) or PNIF (p=0,014 ; 95% CI, 4.19 to 34.86). The degree of nasal obstruction using NOSE Scale within the treatment group decreased significantly (p = 0.035) in comparison to control group (p = 0.341). The degree of nasal obstruction using PNIF measurement in the treatment group decreased significantly (p = 0.002 ; 95% CI, -34.16 to -9.17) compared with the control group (p = 0.651 ; 95% CI, -5.89 to 9.23).Conclusion: Nasal irrigation with isotonic saline solution significantly reduces the severity of nasal obstruction.
Physical Exercise In Schizophrenia Sumekar, Tanjung Ayu; Asikin, Hang Gunawan
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/baf.%v.%i.%Y.%p

Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by positive and negative symptoms, with antipsychotics effectively addressing the former but less so the latter. Recent studies suggest that physical exercise may help alleviate negative and cognitive symptoms, though its role is not well established.Objective: This review examines the role of physical exercise as a complementary intervention in the psychosocial rehabilitation of individuals with schizophrenia.Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted, focusing on research exploring the effects of various exercise types on psychiatric symptoms, cognitive function, and physical health in individuals with schizophrenia.Results: Physical exercise was found to improve cognitive function, reduce negative symptoms, and mitigate the metabolic side effects of antipsychotic medications. Neurobiological changes, such as increased neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, were also observed, contributing to better mental health and quality of life. Aerobic and anaerobic exercises were particularly effective in reducing psychiatric symptoms and enhancing social integration.Conclusion: Physical exercise offers significant benefits in schizophrenia care and should be integrated into multidisciplinary treatment strategies. Future research should focus on optimizing exercise protocols and assessing their long-term clinical impact.
Risk Factors of Ectopic Pregnancy at Dr. Kariadi Hospital Zahwa, Kamila Zettira; Trisetiyono, Yuli; Pramono, M Besari Adi; Dewantiningrum, Julian
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i1.25368

Abstract

Background: Ectopic pregnancy lead to maternal death. There were several risk factors for ectopic pregnancy, including age, IUD, parity, history of ectopic pregnancy, history of pelvic and abdominal surgery, infertility, history of PID, history of abortion, and infertility treatment. This study aimed to prove the correlation between these factors with ectopic pregnancy at RSUP Dr. Kariadi.Objective: This study examines to prove the correlation between these factors with ectopic pregnancy at RSUP Dr. KariadiMethods: This study was an analytical observational study with case control design consisted of 134 samples, divided into ectopic pregnancy (n=67) and threatened abortion as controls (n=67), collected from patient medical records from 2019 – 2024 using purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out using bivariate analysis with Chi Square & Fisher Exact Test and multivariate analysis with Logistic Regression Test.Results: There were correlation between history of ectopic pregnancy (p = 0,034), history of abortion (p = 0,002), and infertility (p = 0,009) with ectopic pregnancy. Other variables didn’t have significant relationship with ectopic pregnancy (p>0,05). Two risk factors were identified for ectopic pregnancy: history of abortion (p = 0,001; aOR = 3,516; 95% CI 1,632 – 7,577) and infertility (p = 0,005; aOR = 2,913; 95% CI 1,387 – 6,119).Conclusion: There were correlation between history of ectopic pregnancy, history of abortion, and infertility with ectopic pregnancy, while other variables were not related to ectopic pregnancy. History of threatened abortion and infertility were risk factors for ectopic pregnancy.
Relationship Between the Degree of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) among Female Students’s Haemoglobin levels Parmasari, Wahyuni Dyah; Ananda, Dimas Ghani; Margaretha, Yunitati Maria
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background: Red blood cells include a protein called haemoglobin, which is responsible for transporting carbon dioxide gas (CO2) from the tissues back to the lungs and oxygen (O2) from the lungs to every part of the body. Low hemoglobin levels may impact numerous bodily functions related to hemoglobin. One of the symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is menstrual pain, which low haemoglobin levels can bring on because they can reduce the amount of oxygen in the blood and stimulate the myometrium’s decreased blood flow. This leads to an increase in uterine muscle contraction. For one or two weeks before menstruation, women experience a collection of physical, emotional, and behavioural symptoms known as PMS, which arises during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Students are generally in a transition phase where learning activities and imbalanced hormones trigger stress, thus worsening PMS levels.Objective: Determining the correlation between haemoglobin levels and the intensity of PMS in students. An observational analytical research design was used in this study.  The group consisted of all students who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and comprised the sample. To choose the sample, basic random sampling was employedMethods: An observational analytical research design was used to investigate. The analysis’s findings demonstrated a correlation between haemoglobin levels and the intensity of PMS among female students aged 20 to 23 years old enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine at Wijaya Kusuma University in Surabaya.Results: Haemoglobin levels and the severity of Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among students were shown to be related, according to the analysis’s findings. The Spearman Correlation test sig result of 0,002 (<0,05) demonstrates this.Conclusion: This indicates a correlation between haemoglobin levels and the severity of PMS among female medical students in Wijaya Kusuma University of Surabaya. 
Comparison of Intravenous Ephedrine Administration of 5 mg and 10 mg Doses on Post Spinal Anesthesia Hypotension in Caesarean Section at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang Alaydrus, Husein; Rayhan, Amar; Arifin, Johan; Satoto, Hari Hendriarto
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i1.26813

Abstract

Background: Hypotension after spinal anesthesia or combined epidural anesthesia in caesarean section (CS) causes adverse effects on the mother and fetus/neonatal. Hypotension often occurs therefore vasopressors could be used routinely and should be used as prophylaxisMethods: Simple randomized controlled trial study of 52 patients undergoing CS at RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang. Subjects revealed two groups, namely intravenous ephedrine at a dose of 5 mg and a dose of 10 mg. Hemodynamic variables were measured every 3 minutes until the operation was completed.Results: In the comparison of mean arterial pressure (MAP) between the ephedrine 5 mg and ephedrine 10 mg groups, a statistically significant difference was obtained at 30 minutes (P < 0.05) while in the measurement of heart rate (HR) between the ephedrine 5 group mg and ephedrine 10 mg, a statistically significant difference was obtained from 3 to 15 minutes. Hypotension was obtained in 1 patient in the ephedrine 10 mg group and 3 patients in the ephedrine 5 mg group.Conclusion: 10 mg intravenous ephedrine as a prophylactic agent after spinal anesthesia for patients undergoing CS has better hemodynamic outcomes and complications than 5 mg intravenous ephedrine. Keywords: spinal anesthesia, ephedrine, SC, hypotension
Bacteria Patterns and Antibiotic Sensitivities in Patients with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane: Study of Patients with PPROM ≤ 6 Hours And > 6 Hours at General Hospital Kariadi Semarang Munthe, Rio Bornfry Haro; Pramono, Besari Adi; Kristiawan, Endy Cahyono; Poerwoko, Agoes Oerip; Cahyanti, Ratnasari Dwi
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i1.24649

Abstract

Background: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) has multifactorial causes. Ascending bacterial invasion can cause intrauterine infection in up to 60% of cases with PPROM. Giving antibiotics at inadequate concentrations causes bacteria to grow exponentially, which is characterized by very fast growth.Objective: This study aims to determine bacteria patterns and antibiotic sensitivity in patients with PPROM at Dr. RSUP. Kariadi, Semarang.Methods: Observational analytical research with a cross-sectional design. The research subjects were 46 pregnant women aged 20-36 weeks 6 days who experienced PPROM. The selection of research subjects was carried out using the consecutive sampling method, namely the selection of research subjects based on research criteria and the subjects signed an agreement to participate in the research. The independent variables in this study were preterm PPROM ≤ 6 hours and > 6 hours, the dependent variables in this study were bacteria patterns and antibiotic sensitivity. The data that has been obtained is analyzed using the SPSS program. Results are significant if p<0.05.Results: Escherichia coli and Candida albicans are the most found pathogens. The antibiotics vancomycin, meropenem, and amphotericin B are effective in patients with PPROM. Women who experienced PPROM ≤ 6 hours and > 6 hours did not have significant differences in bacteria patterns and antibiotic sensitivity results.Conclusion: The gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria Escherichia coli and the fungus Candida albicans are the main pathogens that cause PPROM. The administration of vancomycin, meropenem, and amphotericin B has high effectiveness in PPROM patients at RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang.
Erythrocyte Indices for Beta-thalassemia Trait (BTT) Screening in Indonesia: A Scoping Review Mutmainah, Iffa; Kemuning, Asri Ragil; Nugraha, Widya Eka; Hanif, Aisyah Amanda; Mauludyani, Anna Vipta Resti
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i1.27771

Abstract

Background: Thalassemia is a monogenic disorder that ranks fifth among the catastrophic diseases in Indonesia. Thalassemia screening plays an important role in preventing the birth of individuals with thalassemia major. Numerous erythrocyte indices have been used as first-line screening methods for beta-thalassemia trait, preceding definitive analysis using hemoglobin electrophoresis.Objective: This study aimed to conduct a literature review comparing the most frequently used erythrocyte indices in Indonesia with hemoglobin electrophoresis.Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, and Google Scholar databases in July 2024. This study included full-text articles in Indonesian or English that compared erythrocyte indices and hemoglobin electrophoresis for thalassemia screening.Results: Six articles were included in this review. Two of the six articles analyzed the compatibility of erythrocyte indices and hemoglobin electrophoresis using kappa statistics. The remaining articles calculated the diagnostic values.  Among the ten erythrocyte indices, the Mentzer index was the most frequently assessed, appearing in six studies, followed by the indices of Shine & Lal and Sirdah, each evaluated in three studies. The Green-King, England & Fraser, and Srivastava indices were each examined in two studies. Additionally, Ehsani, Matos and Carvalho, RDW, and MCV and/or MCH indices were each assessed in one study.Conclusion: The compatibility between erythrocyte indices and hemoglobin electrophoresis, based on two studies, was fair indicating that hematological indices alone are insufficient for a definitive diagnosis. This finding aligns with the conclusions of four other studies, which also suggested that no single erythrocyte index is definitive. Among the indices, the Green-King Index demonstrated the highest reliability; however, further studies are needed to support this finding, while hemoglobin electrophoresis remains essential for an accurate diagnosis.
The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Changes in TNF-? Levels and Exciting Frequency in Epilepsy Patients Daynuri, Riri; Kustiowati, Endang; Husni, Amin; Retnaningsih, Retnaningsih; Suryawati, Herlina; Ardhini, Rahmi
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i1.26585

Abstract

Background: Epilepsy, a neurological disorder, is a global public health problem. The active form of vitamin-D is 5000IU/day for 42 days, able to push inflammation and change the balance between inhibitory cytokine and excitatory cytokine, to suppress recurrent seizuresObjective: Analyze the effect of vitamin-D 5000 supplementations on changes in TNF-α levels pre-and-post-vitamin-D supplementation and changes in the frequency of seizures pre-and post-vitamin-D supplementation in epilepsy patients.Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental analytic observational study with a pre-and-post-tests approach without control. Subjects were patients diagnosed with epilepsy who had met the inclusion criteria. Previous research subjects were checked for TNF-α levels, then given vitamin-D supplementation of 5000IU/day for 42 days, then rechecked TNF-α levels. Then performed a bivariate analysis.Results:  There was a significant difference between changes in TNF-α pre-and-post-levels of vitamin-D supplementation of 5000IU/day for 42 days (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in the frequency of seizures pre-and-post-levels of vitamin D supplementation 5000IU/day for 42 days (p=0.002). There is a significant relationship between (d)TNF-α on (d)the frequency of seizures pre-and-post-vitamin-D supplementation 5000IU/day, strongly and positively related (p<0.001; r=0.661). There is no relationship between risk factors with (d)TNF-α. There is no relationship between risk factors with (d)seizure frequency.Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the levels of TNF-α pre-and-post-vitamin-D supplementation. There is a significant difference between the frequency of seizures pre-and-post-vitamin-D supplementation. There is a relationship between (d)TNF-α and (d)the frequency of seizures pre-and-post-vitamin-D supplementation.

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