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Muhamad Thohar Arifin
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Muhamad Thohar Arifin MD. PhD. Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Kec. Tembalang, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50275 Email: dimjoffice@gmail.com
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Diponegoro International Medical Journal (DIMJ)
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : Without     EISSN : 27455815     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/dimj
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Diponegoro International Medical Journal (DIMJ) ISSN Number: 2745-5815 welcomes contributions which promote the exchange of ideas and rational discourse between practicing educators and medical researchers all over the world. DIMJ is an international, peer review, electronic, and open access journal. DIMJ is seeking an original and high-quality manuscript. Areas of interest in all aspects of medical and physiology include but are not limited to the following topics: Modelling of diagnose and cure of human diseases The scientific underpinning of medicine and pathophysiology Biochemistry and biology molecular solution Decision support systems Biomedicine Any experimental design and statistical analysis The application of new analytical and study methods (including biomolecular studies)
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025" : 10 Documents clear
THE EFFECT OF DAYAK ONION (ELEUTHERINE PALMIFOLIA) EXTRACT CREAM APPLICATION ON SERUM INTERLEUKIN-6 LEVELS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN UVB-INDUCED MALE WISTAR RATS Choirunnisa, Armadina Fitra; Afriliana, Liza; Damayanti, Galih Sari; Widyawati, Widyawati
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i2.29701

Abstract

Background: Indonesia receives intense ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. Prolonged exposure to (UVB) radiation is a major environmental factor contributing to oxidative stress and skin inflammation through the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6). Eleutherine palmifolia, traditionally used in Indonesian herbal medicine, contains abundant flavonoids and phenolic compounds with documented antioxidant and photoprotective properties. Its ability to absorb UV rays and neutralizing ROS suggests potential efficacy as a topical agent for mitigating UVB-induced inflammatory responses. Objective: This study aimed to evaluated the effect of Eleutherine palmifolia extract cream at various concentrations (10%, 15%, 20%) on serum IL-6 levels in UVB-induced male Wistar rats. Methods: A true experimental design with post-test only control group was conducted using 36 male Wistar rats randomly assigned to four groups: control (placebo), P1 (10%), P2 (15%), and P3 (20%). The cream was applied 20 minutes before UVB exposure and again 4 hours after irridation, three times per week for 30 days. Serum IL-6 levels were measured using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro–Wilk, Levene’s test, one-way ANOVA, and LSD post-hoc test. Results: Mean IL-6 levels (pg/mL): control 1.63; P1 1.59; P2 1.65; P3 1.57. ANOVA indicated a significant differences among groups (p = 0.047). Post-hoc analysis showing a significant difference only between P2 and P3 groups (p = 0.012). Conclusion: The 20% Eleutherine palmifolia cream showed the strongest anti-inflammatory effect, significantly lowering IL-6 compared with 15%, while other group differences were not significant.
The Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Level of Resilience in Borderline Personality Disorder Atmaja, Diana; Hadiati, Titis; Wardani, Natalia Dewi
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i2.27515

Abstract

Background: Borderline personality Disorder (BPD) is a serious mental disorder characterized by instability in emotions, impulse control, interpersonal relationships and self-image. Childhood trauma such as physical emotional or neglect abuse, has been strongly linked to the development of mental disorders, including BPD. Resilience as a psychological capacity to adapt to adversity, has also been shown to vary among individuals with BPD and may relate to their history of childhood trauma.Objective: To determine the relationship between childhood trauma and resilience level in BPDMethods: This study was a cross-sectional study, with 41 subjects were patients who had been diagnosed with BPD. Childhood trauma and resilience levels were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).Results: The relationship between emotional abuse and resilience level obtained a p = 0.008, physical abuse p = <0.001, sexual abuse p = 0.002 so that there is a significant relationship between emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual abuse with resilience level in BPD.Conclusion:There was a significant relationship between childhood trauma emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual abuse with the level of resilience in BPD patients.
Prenatal–Postnatal Heavy Metal Exposure in Relation to Neurodevelopmental Disorder and ADHD: A Systematic Review Husodho, Gabriela Valencia Putri; Prasadah, Ichsan Marzuki; Kumalasari, Anatalya Diah Ayu; Listiyanti, Talitha Aristawati; Setiawan, Rivaldo Heru; Bakri, Saekhol
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i2.29755

Abstract

Introduction: Susceptibility to environmental insults during fetal brain development has been linked to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children and is influenced not only by genetics, but also by environmental factors, particularly prenatal exposure to heavy metals. Heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic, are known neurotoxins that can disrupt fetal brain development; however, evidence regarding their role in ADHD remains inconsistent.Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the association between prenatal heavy metal exposure and the risk of ADHD in children. The PECO framework was used to define population, exposure, comparators, and outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest, using relevant keywords. Eligible studies included human observational research (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) between 2021 and 2025 assessing prenatal exposure to heavy metals, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and ADHD.Results: Several studies have reported that elevated prenatal levels of cadmium, lead, and manganese are associated with increased ADHD symptoms and reduced cognitive performance. The findings on mercury were mixed, potentially due to confounding factors, including fish intake and maternal nutrition. Selenium and copper demonstrate dual effects, being essential at low levels but harmful at high concentrations. Thallium exposure in the third trimester significantly impaired cognitive and psychomotor development. Some studies have highlighted sex-specific and nonlinear dose-response effects.Conclusion: Heavy metals have an inconsistent impact on neurodevelopment. While some studies have associated prenatal exposure to cadmium and lead with neurodevelopmental issues, others have not found such links. Both prenatal and postnatal exposure to heavy metals, particularly cadmium, mercury, and lead, are associated with childhood ADHD.Keywords: ADHD, prenatal exposure, heavy metals, neurodevelopment, environmental toxins
Incidence and Associated Factors of Occupational Contact Dermatitis in Wood Furniture Finishing Workers faustinawati, belinda; Malik, Diah Adriani; Afriliana, Liza
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i2.28408

Abstract

Background: Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is a prevalent skin disease caused by workplace exposure to exogenous agents. Wood furniture finishing workers are at high risk due to significant contact with allergens and irritants, yet specific research on this group remains limited.Objective: To determine the incidence rate of OCD and analyze its associated factors among wood furniture finishing workers.Methods: An observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 36 wood furniture finishing workers. Data on potential risk factors were collected using a modified Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ)-2002. The diagnosis of OCD was established using the Mathias criteria. A patch test was performed with four common industrial allergens (Formaldehyde 1%, Isothiazolinone 0.2%, Cobalt Chloride 1%, and Colophony 20%) to identify specific sensitisations. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Fisher's exact, and logistic regression tests.Results: The incidence rate of OCD was 58.3% (21 of 36 subjects). Positive patch test results were found in 20 subjects (55.5%), with Cobalt Chloride 1% being the most frequent sensitizer (44.4%), followed by Colophony 20% (30.5%), Formaldehyde 1% (19.4%), and Isothiazolinone 0.2% (13.8%). Univariate analysis identified younger age (p=0.012), shorter length of work (p=0.001), and a history of atopic dermatitis (p<0.001) as significant risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that younger age was the strongest predictor for OCD (OR 1.086; 95% CI 1.018–1.158; p=0.012).Conclusion: Wood furniture finishing workers exhibit a high incidence of OCD. Younger age, shorter work duration, and a history of atopic dermatitis are significant associated factors. These findings highlight the need for targeted preventive strategies, including worker education and improved safety measures in the furniture finishing industry.
Internet Addiction and Its Association With Sleep Problems Among Early Adolescents in a Peri-Urban Area Maharani, Aidza Ajrina; Rahmadi, Farid Agung; Mulyono, Mulyono; AS, Widodo Sarjana
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i2.29774

Abstract

Background: The use of the internet among adolescents increases rapidly, particularly since COVID-19 pandemic, due to the necessity of online learning. Excessive internet use may progress to internet addiction, which has been identified as a risk factor for sleep disturbances. Sleep disorders that occur in adolescents may persist into adulthood, can result in sustained detrimental effects on health, especially in individuals aged 10-12 years, as they are still on critical period of growth and neurodevelopment. Data from Demak show that 30% from 40,000 students from elementary to high school have been addicted to online games, which represents a major subtype of internet addiction. Objective: To determine the relationship between internet addiction and sleep disorders among adolescents aged 10-12 years. Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical observational study was conducted. Data were obtained using the Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire questionnaire and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) questionnaire, administered to four grades and five grades at Bintoro 5 Elementary School in Demak, recruited through purposive sampling. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression to control the confounding variables such as physical activity, obesity, and co-sleeping. Results: Among 81 respondents, the prevalence of internet addiction was 35.8% (n=29), and the prevalence of sleep disorders was 61.7% (n=50). Bivariate analysis using chi-square test demonstrated a significant relationship between internet addiction and sleep disorders P<0.05 (0.008). After controlling for confounding factors with logistic regression, the result remained statistically significant P<0.05 (0.006). Conclusion:Internet addiction is significantly associated with sleep disorders in adolescents aged 10-12 years, even after controlling for confounding factors.
Effect of Topical Dayak Onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) Cream on Epidermal Thickness in UVB-Exposed Male Wistar Rats: An Experimental Study Setyanegari, Aditya Putri; Damayanti, Galih Sari; Afriliana, Liza; Karlowee, Vega
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i2.29621

Abstract

Background: Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, particularly in tropical regions like Indonesia, can cause skin damage characterized by increased epidermal thickness due to keratinocyte hyperproliferation, contributing to photoaging. Natural photoprotective agents rich in antioxidants such as Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) extract are expected to mitigate these effects. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of applying Dayak onion extract cream at varying concentrations on epidermal thickness of UVB-induced male Wistar rat skin. Methods: This study was a true experimental study with a post-test only control group design. A total of 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group (given placebo cream) and three treatment groups given Dayak onion extract cream at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%. UVB exposure was carried out every two days for 30 days, along with application of the cream before and after UVB radiation. Epidermal thickness was analyzed through histopathological examination using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and observed under 400x magnification. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p < 0,05) in epidermal thickness between the control group and the treatment groups. The mean epidermal thickness in the treatment groups was lower than that of the control group, with the greatest reduction observed in the 20% concentration group, followed by the 15% and 10% groups. There was no significant difference between the 15% and 20% concentrations. Conclusion: Application of Dayak onion extract cream is effective in reducing epidermal thickness, with a concentration of 20% providing optimal protective effects. These findings support the potential of Dayak onion as a natural photoprotective agent.Keywords: Dayak onion, Eleutherine palmifolia, epidermal thickness, photoaging, antioxidant
Spontaneous Pneumothorax after Physical Exertion on Adolescets with Vaping History in Diponegoro National Hospital Semarang: A Case Report Qolby, Qonita Nur; Wilastono, Muzaki; Balqis, Hanifa Amalia; Hadi, Hadi; Alwi, Luqman
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i2.30130

Abstract

Background: Vaping is now a trend for a tobacco-smoking alternative. However, studies and regulations regarding the side effects of vaping are limited. Recently, vaping-associated spontaneous pneumothorax cases were reported. Pneumothorax, when air accumulates in the pleural cavity, could progress to an emergency case. It is rarely related to physical exercise.Case Presentation: We found two spontaneous pneumothorax cases in Diponegoro National Hospital that presented with chest pain and cough post-exercise in vaping adolescents. The diagnosis was established based on medical history, physical examination, and chest X-ray. Both patients were treated with water-sealed drainage (WSD) and intensive care.Conclusion: Pneumothorax is an important diagnosis to consider in vaping patients, resulting in long stay and high-cost hospitalization. Vaping-associated spontaneous pneumothorax cases in active adolescents should receive special attention for conducting electronic cigarette studies and regulations in Indonesia.
The Impact of Particulate Matter Air Pollution on Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review Husodho, Gabriela Valencia Putri; Siregar, Muhammad Abi Ghoffari; Faiza, Agyta Hanifa
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i2.29648

Abstract

Background: Coronary heart disease remains a significant global public health threat, with around 315 million patients in 2022, having risen due to global population growth, with regional disparities persisting. Air pollution, specifically fine particulate matter (PM) categorized according to size into PM2.5 and PM10, has been identified as a critical and modifiable determinant of coronary heart disease, associated with 4.2 million deaths globally in 2019, most of cardiovascular origin. Hence, a systematic review was conducted to assess the impact that PM2.5 and PM10 have on coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease remains a significant global public health threat, with around 315 million patients in 2022, having risen due to global population growth, with regional disparities persisting. Air pollution, specifically fine particulate matter (PM) categorized according to size into PM2.5 and PM10, has been identified as a critical and modifiable determinant of coronary heart disease, associated with 4.2 million deaths globally in 2019, most of cardiovascular origin.Objective: To assess the impact that PM2.5 and PM10 have on coronary heart disease.Methods: A literature search was done to identify relevant articles using three databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO) between 2020-2025. Studies written in English and observational studies were included. Articles without complete data and case reports were excluded. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines.Results: 46 studies were included in the final synthesis. 24 studies discussed only PM2.5, 22 studies discussed both PM2.5 and PM10, while none of the studies discussed only PM10. The majority of the studies were conducted in China (21 studies). Overall, PM2.5 had higher OR, RR, and HR for coronary heart disease compared to PM10, due to its smaller size. Lower quality of life, which includes higher mortality and hospitalization rates, was also seen with higher PM exposure.Conclusion: PM exposure increases the risk of coronary heart disease occurrence and decreases quality of life in patients, with PM2.5 having a higher effect than PM10.
The Effects of Kretek Cigarettes and Ascorbic Acid-based Vape on IL-6, TNF-α Levels, and Pulmonary Histopathology: An Experimental Study on White Rats (Rattus novergicus) on Inflammatory Response and Pulmonary Histopathology Maftikhati, Dora; Prasetyo, Awal; Sadhana, Udadi; Istiadi, Hermawan
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i2.29825

Abstract

Background: Smoking habits remain difficult to break, with 991 million smokers worldwide in 2020. Many have switched to vaping, which is regarded as safer than clove cigarettes. Exposure to cigarette smoke can increase pro-inflammatory cytokines and damage lung tissue.Objective: This study compared the effects of kretek cigarette smoke and ascorbic acid-based vape smoke on inflammatory response and lung tissue in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus).Methods: Twenty-one 8-week-old rats were randomized into three groups: control, exposed to kretek cigarette smoke, and exposed to ascorbic acid-based vape. The kretek cigarette group was exposed to smoke from 3 cigarettes/day, while the vape group received 0.5 ml/day of vape smoke, for 12 weeks. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were analyzed using ELISA. The perimeter length of the alveolus, the degree of alveolar wall damage, and the extent of inflammatory cell distribution were also examined. Statistical analyses were accomplished using the ANOVA One-Way test, chi square test, and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: Cigarette exposure significantly increased IL-6 levels (control: 8.43 ± 0.88 pg/ml; kretek cigarette: 11.45 ± 1.17 pg/ml; ascorbic acid vape: 11.83 ± 1.56 pg/ml; p = 0.000), the degree of alveolar damage (mean rank control: 6.21; kretek cigarette: 14.17; ascorbic acid vape: 11.64; p = 0.001), and the extent of inflammatory cell distribution (mean rank control: 4.00; kretek cigarette: 15.25; ascorbic acid vape: 12.93; p = 0.012). TNF-α levels increased in the kretek cigarette group, while the alveolar perimeter length increased in the ascorbic acid vape group; however, neither parameter was statistically significant (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Both kretek cigarette smoke and ascorbic acid-based vape smoke induced pulmonary inflammation and structural changes, with significant effects observed in IL-6 levels and histopathological damage, but not in TNF-α levels or alveolar perimeter length. There is a need for better regulation and increased public awareness about the dangers of smoking.
Role of Balinese Flute Playing in Enhancing Cognitive Function and Serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels in the Elderly Laksmidewi, Anak Agung Ayu Putri; Mahadewi, Ni Putu Ayu Putri; Arshinta, Lasta; Hardika, Made Sebastian Dwi Putra; Sari, Christine Kathy Putri
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i2.29300

Abstract

Background: Aging is associated with cognitive decline, yet the brain retains adaptive capacity with proper stimulation. Musical activities, including traditional Balinese flute playing, have shown potential in enhancing memory, concentration, and cognitive performance.Objective: This study examined the effect of playing the Balinese flute piece “Morning Happiness” on cognitive improvement in the elderly, as indicated by changes in serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels.Methods: This experimental study was conducted from June to September 2024 among elderly participants (>60 years) with controlled risk factors. Subjects were randomized into an intervention group (n=28) and control group (n=14), with a male-to-female ratio of 3:4. The intervention group played the Balinese flute for 20 minutes daily, while the control group listened to the same music for 10 minutes, three times weekly. Cognitive function was assessed using the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina), and serum BDNF levels were measured before and after the intervention.Results: The intervention group showed a significant improvement in total MoCA-Ina scores (Z = -2.82, p = 0.005), particularly in abstraction (Z = -2.296, p = 0.022) and delayed recall (Z = -3.436, p = 0.026). Serum BDNF levels also increased significantly after the intervention (from 5.46 ± 6.16 to 7.63 ± 10.16; p = 0.033), while no significant changes were observed in the control group.Conclusion: Balinese flute playing enhances cognitive function, especially abstraction and memory recall, and increases serum BDNF, supporting its role as a non-pharmacological strategy to promote cognitive health in the elderly.

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