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Buletin Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Prima
Published by Universitas Prima Indonesia
ISSN : 28289994     EISSN : 28289994     DOI : https://doi.org/10.34012/bkkp
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Media publikasi ilmiah di bidang kedokteran dan kesehatan yang terbit dua kali dalam setahun yaitu pada bulan Maret dan September. Berisi tulisan hasil penelitian lapangan atau laboratorium maupun studi pustaka dari bidang ilmu seperti kedokteran klinis, kedokteran tropis, kedokteran gigi, biomedis, farmasi klinis dan kesehatan masyarakat.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 44 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September" : 44 Documents clear
Effectiveness of transdermal patch formulation of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. leaf extract as an antipyretic in male rats induced with DPT vaccine Ketaren, Nessya Try Natasya Br; Ginting, Astriani Natalia Br; Meutia, Rena; Lubis, Asyrun Alkhari
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7546

Abstract

Fever is characterized by an elevation of body temperature above the normal range of 37.5°C and represents a physiological response to various health conditions such as infections or other diseases. Antipyretic drugs, including paracetamol and ibuprofen, are commonly used to manage fever. Ethanol extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (kembang sepatu) leaves contains bioactive compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, steroids, phenols, glycosides, quinones, terpenoids, cyclopeptides, and alkaloids, which may confer natural antipyretic properties. In this study, 3% and 5% (w/w) Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf ethanol extracts were formulated into transdermal patches and evaluated for their antipyretic efficacy in male rats induced with the Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT) vaccine. The dried Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves were macerated using 96% ethanol. The concentrated extract was formulated into a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based transdermal patch. Phytochemical screening of the extract, stability testing of the transdermal patch, and statistical analysis of the antipyretic effect on DPT-induced male rats were conducted. Phytochemical screening of the 96% ethanol extract confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and saponins. The transdermal patch formulation demonstrated good stability over 21 days of storage. The 5% extract patch exhibited the highest antipyretic activity, significantly reducing fever in the experimental rats and showing effectiveness comparable to the positive control (paracetamol).
The association between farmer characteristics, behavior, and pesticide spraying patterns and skin disorders in citrus farmers in Aji Mbelang Village, Karo Regency Pane, Putri Yunita; Surbakti, Yemima Valentin Br; Saragih, Meysi Dea Vinata R.; Hartono; Simangungsong, Pahala Maringan Jubel
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7549

Abstract

Agriculture forms a vital component of Indonesia’s economy, yet pesticide use poses significant occupational health hazards, particularly skin disorders from exposure. This study aimed to analyze the association between farmer characteristics, behavior, and pesticide spraying patterns with the incidence of skin disorders among citrus farmers in Aji Mbelang Village, Karo Regency. A quantitative analytical cross-sectional study was conducted involving 30 citrus farmers selected through accidental sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing demographic variables, behavioral factors, and pesticide spraying patterns. Univariate and bivariate analyses, including chi-square tests, were performed to explore associations between independent variables and skin disorder incidence, with significance set at p<0.05. The majority of respondents were male (86.7%), aged over 36 years (43.3%), and had completed senior high school (46.7%). The prevalence of skin disorders was high (90.0%). Most farmers demonstrated poor knowledge about pesticide risks (60.0%) but exhibited positive attitudes (86.7%) and safety practices (76.7%). Contradictorily, 96.7% engaged in high-risk spraying behaviors. Age was the only statistically significant variable associated with skin disorders (p=0.044), with all farmers over 32 years reporting skin disorders. Skin disorders are highly prevalent among citrus farmers and significantly associated with older age. The findings reveal a gap between positive safety attitudes and hazardous field practices, highlighting the need for targeted educational interventions to enhance knowledge and promote safer pesticide application to mitigate dermal health risks.
Glibenclamide prescription services profile in pharmacies of the Tapung Hilir District Merianis, Hotvera; Razoki, Razoki; Ginting, Astriani Natalia Br
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7553

Abstract

Prescription dispensing in pharmacies involves two key stages: screening and medication preparation. Screening, conducted by the pharmacist, covers administrative requirements, pharmaceutical suitability, and clinical considerations. Medication preparation includes compounding, labeling, packaging, dispensing, counseling, and monitoring. The overarching goal is to ensure that the medication prescribed is accurately and safely delivered to the patient. This study assessed the prescription service quality for glibenclamide in Tapung Hilir pharmacies. Ninety pharmacies were randomly sampled, and data were collected using a simulated patient approach, where researchers acted as patients' family members seeking glibenclamide. The instruments employed—prescription, scenario, protocol, and checklist—were validated for reliability. Results showed that 85 pharmacies (94.4%) dispensed the prescribed medication. However, patient information gathering was minimal: only 7.1% asked for the recipient’s identity, 18.8% for the patient’s address, and fewer than 5% inquired about prior medication use or understanding of administration. Critical clinical data such as patient age, symptomatology, therapy goals, concurrent medications, and allergy history were generally not obtained. On average, pharmacies asked only 0.4 out of 13 patient assessment questions. Regarding medication counseling, the frequency of drug use was explained by 42.4% of pharmacies, while other key information—indication, dose, side effects, treatment duration, and storage—was rarely provided. On average, only 1.2 out of 16 drug information items were communicated. Labels were provided by 65.9% of pharmacies, with only one using a distinguishable blue label. In conclusion, the involvement of pharmacy staff in the comprehensive provision of prescription services for glibenclamide remains limited in Tapung Hilir. Enhancement in patient assessment and information delivery is urgently needed to improve medication safety and effectiveness.
Examining safety knowledge and attitudinal factors related to unsafe conduct among lathe operators Chairani, Alfiah; Hartono, Hartono; Siregar, Santy Deasy; Siregar, Fadhilaturrizqie; Mujahidin, Mujahidin; Sabri, Ihsan; William, Andy; Hutabarat, Bartimeus Nicomama
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7554

Abstract

Background: Unsafe actions are a primary contributor to occupational accidents in industrial environments, yet the influence of worker-specific factors like knowledge and attitude requires continuous investigation. This study aimed to determine the association between Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) knowledge, attitude, and the prevalence of unsafe actions among lathe machine operators. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 33 lathe machine operators at CV. Melpura Jaya Teknik. Data on demographic characteristics, OSH knowledge, OSH attitude, and unsafe actions were collected using a structured questionnaire. The relationships between variables were analyzed using the Chi-Square test, with the significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The analysis revealed a highly significant association between OSH knowledge and unsafe actions (p < .001), as well as a significant association between OSH attitude and unsafe actions (p = .031). Notably, all participants with poor knowledge (100%) or an unsupportive attitude (100%) were found to engage in high-risk unsafe actions. Conversely, all workers with good knowledge or a supportive attitude were classified in the low-risk category. Conclusion: OSH knowledge and attitude are critical determinants of safe behavior among lathe machine operators. Deficiencies in these areas are strongly correlated with high-risk actions. Therefore, workplace safety interventions should adopt a dual approach, focusing not only on comprehensive knowledge-based training but also on fostering a positive safety culture to shape supportive attitudes.
The association between lifestyle and hypertension among elderly: A cross-sectional study at the Merdeka Community Health Center, Karo Regency Br Surbakti, Chindy; Hartono, Hartono; Siregar, Santy Deasy; Munadi, Munadi; Yensuari, Yensuari; Marpaung, Hans Hotma Haposan; Riskaldy, Riskaldy; Meilani, Inda Kania
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7555

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with a continually rising prevalence, particularly within the elderly population. Lifestyle factors play a critical role in influencing the risk of developing hypertension. This study aimed to determine the relationship between lifestyle and the incidence of hypertension among the elderly at Merdeka Health Center in 2025. Methods: This study employed a quantitative design with a descriptive correlational method and a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of all 125 elderly individuals who visited the Merdeka Health Center between January and December 2024. A sample of 55 respondents was selected using an accidental sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and blood pressure measurements and were subsequently analyzed using the Spearman's rho correlation test with a significance level of α=0.05. Results: The findings indicated a significant relationship between physical activity (p=0.046;r=−0.270), dietary patterns (p=0.029;r=0.295), rest/sleep habits (p=0.007;r=0.361), pesticide exposure (p=0.009;r=−0.351), and family history of hypertension (p=0.000;r=0.512) with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly. However, no significant relationship was found between smoking history and the incidence of hypertension (p=0.057;r=−0.258). Conclusion: Most of the investigated lifestyle components—specifically physical activity, dietary patterns, and rest habits—along with pesticide exposure and family history, have a significant association with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly. It is therefore recommended that elderly individuals adopt a healthy lifestyle for the prevention and control of hypertension.
Relationship between clean water quality and sanitation with health problems in Rambung Baru Village, Sibolangit Sub-district Sinaga, Dahlan; Siregar, Santy Deasy
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7557

Abstract

The global challenge of inadequate access to clean water and sanitation continues to impose a substantial burden on public health, especially in developing regions. This study investigates the relationship between water quality, sanitation conditions, and health disorders among residents of Rambung Baru Village, Sibolangit Subdistrict, Indonesia. Employing a cross-sectional analytical design, data were collected from 130 households utilizing spring water as their primary source. Water quality was evaluated through physical, chemical, and microbiological analyses, while sanitation hygiene and health disorder data were gathered via questionnaires and health center records. The results indicate that over half of the respondents consumed water failing to meet quality standards, and nearly half experienced inadequate sanitation hygiene around water sources. A statistically significant association was found between poor water quality and the incidence of health disorders (p = 0.007), with affected individuals showing higher prevalence of diarrhea, acute respiratory infections, and skin diseases. Conversely, no significant relationship emerged between sanitation hygiene and health disorders (p = 0.289), although trends suggest a potential influence. These findings underscore the critical role of water quality in disease transmission and point to the need for prioritized interventions targeting water source protection and household water treatment. Given the complex interactions among water quality, sanitation, and hygiene behaviors, integrated approaches combining infrastructure improvements with community education on hygiene practices are essential. Further longitudinal research incorporating confounding factors is recommended to deepen understanding and guide effective public health strategies in similar rural contexts.
The association between workload and occupational stress levels among nurses at the Medan Tuntungan Community Health Center Ilahi, M Rizky; Dameria, Dameria; Wau, Herbert
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7558

Abstract

Nurses, as frontline healthcare providers, are highly susceptible to occupational stress stemming from excessive workloads.1 In Indonesia, suboptimal nurse-to-population ratios exacerbate this, leading to high stress levels (65% moderate/severe) and increased turnover (15–20%). Preliminary observations at the Medan Tuntungan Community Health Center (Puskesmas) indicated rising patient visits without corresponding staff increases, resulting in high perceived workloads and stress symptoms. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between workload and the incidence of occupational stress among nurses at the Medan Tuntungan Community Health Center. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed in August 2025. A total sampling (census) technique was used, including all 30 nurses at the facility. Data were collected via a structured online questionnaire assessing workload (physical, mental, administrative) and job stress (physical, emotional, behavioral symptoms), categorized on an ordinal scale (Good, Moderate, Poor). Data analysis utilized univariate statistics and bivariate testing with the Chi-Square test or Fisher's Exact Test. Univariate analysis revealed that 90.0% of nurses perceived their workload as moderate (50.0%) or poor (40.0%). Regarding stress, 43.3% experienced moderate levels, and 30.0% experienced poor (high) levels. The bivariate analysis established a highly significant association between workload and work stress (p < 0.001). A clear positive correlation was observed: 75.0% of nurses with a poor workload reported poor (high) stress, while 100.0% of those with a good workload reported good (low) stress. No significant associations were found for work shift (p = 0.091) or length of service (p = 0.069).Conclusion: Workload is a significant determinant of occupational stress among nurses at the Medan Tuntungan Puskesmas. As workload perception worsens, stress levels increase. These findings underscore the urgent need for institutional interventions focused on effective workload management and staffing optimization to mitigate nurse stress and enhance well-being.
Effect of hygiene of kitchen utensils and food handlers on microbial counts in Jumbo Ayahanda Iced Tea drinks, Medan City Manalu, Madeline Elisa Patricia; Waruwu, Fransiska Lalania; Siagian, Masryna; Hulu, Victor Trismanjaya; Pakpahan, Eka Lolita Eliyanti
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7559

Abstract

Food safety is a crucial aspect of public health, aiming to prevent diseases resulting from the consumption of contaminated food or beverages. This study employed a quantitative research design with an analytical observational approach. The analytical observational method was used to determine the relationship between two independent variables—kitchen utensils and food handler hygiene—and the dependent variable, the microbial count in jumbo iced tea beverages sold along Ayahanda Street, Medan. The quantitative approach was chosen for its ability to measure data numerically and statistically analyze the relationships among variables. Data collection was conducted through direct observation using standardized assessment sheets. The kitchen utensil variable included evaluation of the cleanliness of plastic cups, straws, cool boxes, and cup sealer machines; washing procedures; equipment storage; cleaning methods for stainless steel, glass, and food-grade plastic tools; as well as cleaning frequency. The food handler hygiene variable was assessed based on hand hygiene before and after beverage preparation, nail cleanliness, cleanliness of clothing and aprons during work, and the use of personal protective equipment such as masks and gloves. Microbiological testing involved determining the Total Plate Count (TPC) and comparing the results with established safety standards. Observational and laboratory data were processed and analyzed statistically using the Chi-Square test with a 5% significance level (α = 0.05) to evaluate the effect of kitchen utensil conditions and food handler hygiene on microbial counts. The results showed that the majority of jumbo iced tea samples contained microbial levels within safe limits. Of the 30 samples tested, only 4 samples (13.3%) contained detectable microbes, while 26 samples (86.7%) showed no microbial growth based on the Total Plate Count method. There was no significant association between kitchen utensil cleanliness and microbial counts in jumbo iced tea sold on Ayahanda Street, Medan (p-value = 0.507). However, a significant relationship was found between food handler hygiene and microbial counts in the same products (p-value = 0.024).
Climate change and the life cycle of aedes mosquitoes as vectors of the dengue virus: A scoping review Ginting, Gita Br; Sitorus, Angel Juliana Peace; Pane, Putri Yunita; Hartono; Simangungsong, Pahala Maringan Jubel
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7563

Abstract

Background: Climate change significantly impacts the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. Dengue, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is highly sensitive to climatic shifts, and global cases are surging. A clear understanding of how rising temperatures affect vector bionomics is essential for public health. This scoping review aims to synthesize recent evidence (2018–2025) on the relationship between climate change, particularly temperature, and the Aedes life cycle and dengue transmission.   Methods: We conducted a scoping review using the Xiao and Watson (2019) framework. Systematic searches were performed in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar for experimental, modeling, and field studies published between 2018 and 2025. Following screening based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 studies were included. Data were extracted and synthesized qualitatively to identify key themes.   Results: The findings reveal a complex, non-linear thermal relationship. Vector fitness (e.g., survival, fertility) peaks at 25°C–30°C but declines under "heat stress" (>32°C) despite faster development times. Critically, the thermal optimum for disease transmission (R₀) is higher, peaking at 29°C–31°C, driven by a heat-accelerated Extrinsic Incubation Period (EIP) of the virus. This discrepancy fuels a "dual threat": intensification of epidemics in endemic regions and expansion of vector habitats into temperate zones. This aligns with epidemiological data showing the global dengue burden approximately doubled between 1990 and 2021.   Conclusions: Climate change is an unequivocal amplifier of the global dengue threat, fundamentally altering Aedes bionomics and transmission potential. This reality necessitates a paradigm shift from reactive to predictive public health, mandating expanded surveillance in newly vulnerable regions. Major research gaps persist regarding the synergistic effects of rainfall, humidity, and diurnal temperature fluctuations (DTR).
Differences in nutritional status of exclusively breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed infants aged 0-6 months in Kutambaru Village, Munte Subdistrict Tarigan, Denada Br; Sibagariang, Eva Ellya; Ginting, Rapael; Halim, Binarwan; Kuswani, Lili; Silaen, Mangatas; Hutapea, Johnson; Iskandar, Dalmy; Nasution, Syamsul Arifin
Buletin Kedokteran & Kesehatan Prima Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Kedokteran Gigi, dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34012/bkkp.v4i2.7564

Abstract

Nutritional status in children under five remains a critical public health issue in Indonesia, characterized by high rates of stunting (21.6%) and wasting (7.9% in North Sumatra). Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months is vital for optimal growth, but compliance is low. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of nutritional status, focusing on the differences between infants aged 0-6 months receiving exclusive breastfeeding and those receiving breastfeeding plus early complementary feeding (MPASI). This research employed a comparative analytical design with a total sampling of 40 mothers and their infants (0-6 months) in Kutambaru Village, Munte Subdistrict. The independent variables were breastfeeding status (exclusive vs. non-exclusive) and complementary feeding status. The dependent variable was infant nutritional status (weight-for-length). Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results demonstrated a statistically significant association between exclusive breastfeeding and infant nutritional status (p = 0.019). Infants who received EBF were significantly more likely to have an optimal nutritional status. Complementary feeding also showed a significant association (p = 0.033). In conclusion, exclusive breastfeeding is the dominant factor significantly associated with optimal nutritional status in infants 0-6 months. Strengthening interventions to promote EBF is critical to prevent malnutrition.

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