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Mandala of Health : A Scientific Journal
Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26156954     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20884/1.mandala
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry Health Professions Public Health
Mandala of Health : A Scientific Journal is a medical scientific journal with open access published by the Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Soedirman University, containing research articles, systematic reviews, and case reports in all areas of basic medical science, clinical medicine, biomedical science, medical biotechnology, and public health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 5 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 12 No 2 (2019): Mandala Of Health" : 5 Documents clear
KORELASI UKURAN KETEBALAN KORTEKS DAN RESISTIVE INDEX GINJAL BERDASARKAN PEMERIKSAAN ULTRASONOGRAFI PADA PASIEN HIDRONEFROSIS Ferawati Dakio; Nurlaily Idris; Mirna Muis; Andi Alfian; Hasyim Kasim; Bachtiar Murtala
Mandala Of Health Vol 12 No 2 (2019): Mandala Of Health
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (411.328 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.mandala.2019.12.2.1279

Abstract

Hidronefrosis dapat terjadi pada satu atau kedua ginjal yang menyebabkan aliran urine menjadi lemah dan mengganggu fungsi dari ginjal itu sendiri.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi ketebalan korteks ginjal dan resistive index ginjal berdasarkan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi pada pasien hidronefrosis. Penelitian ini dilakukan di bagian Radiologi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar dari Mei sampai dengan Agustus 2018. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional dengan rancangan potong lintang.Sampel penelitian sebanyak empat puluh orang yang memiliki klinis hidronefrosis. Pemeriksaan ultrasonografi grayscale terhadap pasien dilakukan untuk mengukur ketebalan korteks ginjal yang dilakukan di bagian tengah ginjal pada potongan longitudinal dan diukur dari puncak piramid tegak lurus ke arah kapsul, kemudian dilanjutkan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi doppler di arteri interlobar atau arcuata pada pole superior, median, dan inferior ginjal untuk menilai renal resistiveindex. Data dianalisis dengan analisis statistik melalui uji korelasi Spearman dan Pearson.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata sampel penelitian mengalami hidronefrosis derajat ringan. Mean tebal korteks ginjal kanan pada penelitian ini 0,9 cm (0,26-1,79cm) dan ginjal kiri 0,84 cm (0,22-1,57cm). Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara derajat hidronefrosis dengan ketebalan korteks ginjal kanan dan kiri dengan arah korelasi negatif (p=0,0001). Kecenderungan peningkatan derajat hidronefrosis, meningkatkan nilai resistive index meskipun secara statistik tidak bermakna. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara ketebalan korteks dan resistive index ginjal berdasarkan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi. Hydronephrosis can occur in one or both kidneys which causes the flow of urine to become weak and interfere with the function of the kidney. This research aimed to investigate the correlation between the cortex thickness and the resistive index of kidney based on the ultrasonography examination in hydronephrosis patients. The research was conducted in Radiology Department of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar from May through August 2018. The research design used was observational using the cross sectional design. The total samples comprised 40 samples with clinical hydronephrosis. The examination of ultrasonography grayscale was carried out in order to measure the cortex thickness of the kidneys in the central parts of kidneys and the longitudinal cut was measured from the pyramid top straight down the capsule, then it was continued with the Doppler ultrasonography examination in the interlobare artery or arcute at superior pole, median and inferior kidney in order to evaluate the renal resistive index. The data were analyzed using the statistical analysis through the correlation tests of Spearman and Pearson. The research results indicated that the mean research samples had experienced the light hydronephrosis. The mean cortex thickness of the right kidney was 0.9 cm (0.26 - 1.79 cm), and that of the left kidnet was 0.84 cm (0.22 - 1.57 cm). There was a significant correlation between the degree of hydronephrosis and the cortex thickness of the right and the left kidneys, with the direction of the negative correlation (p=0.0001). There was a tendency of the increase of hydronephrosis degree to increase the value of resistive index, though statistically it was insignificant. There was no correlation between the cortex thickness and the resistive index of kidney based on the ultrasonogrphy examination.
NILAI DIAGNOSTIK ULTRASONOGRAFI DOPPLER DALAM MENENTUKAN KEGANASAN TUMOR OVARIUM DIBANDINGKAN HASIL HISTOPATOLOGI Nurhayati Nurhayati; Mirna Muis; Muhammad Ilyas
Mandala Of Health Vol 12 No 2 (2019): Mandala Of Health
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (226.114 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.mandala.2019.12.2.1291

Abstract

Kanker ovarium merupakan keganasan organ viseral dan paling mematikan serta dianggap silent killer. Kanker ini umumnya baru menimbulkan keluhan bila telah menyebar ke rongga peritoneum atau organ visera lainnya. Pada tingkat ini penyakit telah mencapai stadium lanjut sehingga tindakan pembedahan dan terapi adjuvan seringkali tidak menolong. Kurangnya gejala awal maupun sensitifitas skrining serta teknik deteksi dini merupakan alasan keterlambatan dalam diagnosis. Pengenalan dini kanker ovarium stadium awal berdasarkan pemeriksaan fisik saja tidak cukup sehingga perlu dilengkapi pemeriksaan radiologi seperti Ultrasonografi (USG), Computted Tomography Scan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). USG Doppler adalah teknik pencitraan yang sering digunakan, noninvasif, biaya relatif murah, dan ditoleransi dengan baik. Penggunaan USG Doppler dimungkinkan untuk menilai vaskularisasi tumor dan nilai resistive index. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui nilai diagnostik USG Doppler dalam menentukan keganasan tumor ovarium dibandingkan hasil histopatologi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Bagian Radiologi RS. Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo dan RS. Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar dimulai pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2018. Desain penelitian menggunakan uji diagnostik. Sebanyak 55 sampel dengan klinis tumor ovarium umur 14-67 tahun dilakukan pemeriksaan USG Doppler untuk menilai distribusi vaskuler, jumlah vaskuler, dan nilai resistive index, dilanjutkan sistem kategori untuk menentukan sifat tumor jinak atau ganas. Ganas, jika terdapat ≥ 2 kriteria Doppler ganas, dan jinak jika terdapat < 2 kriteria Doppler ganas. Hasil diagnosis USG Doppler dibandingkan dengan hasil histopatologi. Data dianalisis secara statistik berdasarkan uji diagnostik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan USG Doppler memiliki nilai diagnostik yang cukup tinggi dalam menilai keganasan tumor ovarium dengan sensitivitas 94,7%, spesifisitas 70,6%, nilai prediksi posistif 87,8%, nilai prediksi negatif 85,7% dan akurasi 87,2%. Ovarian cancer is a visceral organ malignancy that is lethal and is considered as “silent killer”. This cancer typically cause complaint if it has spread to peritoneum cavity or other visceral organ where the disease reached late stage, thus, surgical or adjuvant therapy is not beneficial anymore. The lack of early manifestation, screening sensitivity and difficulty in early detection technique are reasons for delay diagnosis. Early detection of ovarian cancer based on physical examination is not sufficient, and should be completed with imaging studies such as USG, CT scan, MRI and nuclear medicine. Doppler US is a technique that is non-invasive, relatively cheap and well-tolerated. This examination may assessed tumor vascularization and resistive index. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic values of Doppler Ultrasound in determining the malignancy of ovarian tumor compared with result of histopathology. This study was conducted in Radiology Department of Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar from June through August 2018. Design of the study was diagnostic test. Doppler Ultrasound examination was carried on 55 samples with clinical sign of ovarian tumor aged between 14-67 years to evaluate the vascular distribution, number of vascular, and values of resistive index; followed by categorical system to determine the characteristics of benign or malignant ovarian tumor. The lesion is considered malignant if two or more Doppler malignant criteria were found, and benign if less than two criteria were found. The result of Doppler was compared to the result of histopathology. Data were analyzed statistically based on diagnostic test. This study result showed that Doppler Ultrasound had diagnostic value which was high enough to evaluate tumor malignancy with sensitivity of 94.7%, specificity of 70.6%, positive predictive value of 87.8%, negative predictive value of 85.7%, and the accuracy of 87.2%.
PERBANDINGAN HASIL ANALISIS SPERMA DARI PROSES COITUS INTERRUPTUS DAN MASTURBASI PADA KASUS INFERTILITAS Edy Priyanto; Fitranto Arjadi; Norina Agatri
Mandala Of Health Vol 12 No 2 (2019): Mandala Of Health
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (488.411 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.mandala.2019.12.2.1601

Abstract

Pasangan infertil semakin banyak ditemukan di Indonesia, 40% penyebab infertilitas terkait dengan faktor suami. Analisis sperma merupakan metode untuk mengetahui penyebab infertilitas. Metode masturbasi lebih direkomendasikan dibandingkan coitus interruptus. Kekurangan pada metode masturbasi adalah adanya beban psikologis dan latar belakang agama. Tujuan penelitian adalah membandingkan hasil analisis sperma dari hasil coitus interruptus dan masturbasi pada kasus infertilitas. Jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 97 laki-laki infertil yang melakukan pemeriksaan di RSIA Bunda Arif pada bulan Januari 2017 – Juni 2018. Teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling. Analisis sperma menggunakan klasifikasi dari WHO tahun 2010. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna konsentrasi sperma (p=0,043) pada kelompok masturbasi 46,5 ± 7,2 dan kelompok coitus interruptus 18,7 ± 5,3. Hasil yang tidak bermakna pada motilitas (p=0,632) dan morfologi (p=0,722). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah analisis sperma dengan proses masturbasi lebih baik konsentrasinya dibandingkan dengan proses coitus interruptus pada kasus infertilitas. Infertile couples are increasingly found in Indonesia and the 40% of many causes are related to husband factors consequently sperm analysis is needed to predict infertility. A method of masturbation is more recommended than coitus interruptus. The deficiency of masturbation method lies on psychological and religious burden. This research aims at comparing the sperm analysis resulted from coitus interuptus and masturbation in infertility cases. It belongs to observational analityc reserach. The subjects of the research were 97 infertile male patients who underwent examination in RSIA Bunda Arif in January 2017-June 2018 and total sampling method was applied. The sperm analysis utilized WHO classification in 2010 and independent t-test was used in statistics analysis. The results of this study showed the sperm comparison and research results (p = 0.043) in masturbation groups is 46.5 ± 7.2 and the coitus interruptus group is 18.7 ± 5.3 and the result is not suitable for motility (p = 0.632) and morphology (p = 0.722) in spite of the fact that it showed better in the masturbation group. The study concludes that the sperm concentration in sperm analysis in the masturbation process is better and more recommended than that of coitus interruptus.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK THYME (Thymus vulgaris) TERHADAP IL-6 DAN HITUNG KUMAN PADA HEPAR MENCIT Balb-c YANG DIINFEKSI METHICILLIN RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Galuh Yulieta Nitihapsari; Lisayani Lisayani; Helmia Farida; Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro
Mandala Of Health Vol 12 No 2 (2019): Mandala Of Health
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (623.754 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.mandala.2019.12.2.1642

Abstract

Meningkatnya fenomena resistensi bakteri, yaitu Metisilin-Resisten Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), mendorong pentingnya penggalian bahan alam yang memiliki efek antibakteri atau yang memodulasi respon imun. Thymus vulgaris (TV) atau herba timi diketahui memiliki efek antimikroba dan immunomodulator, sehingga diharapkan dapat mengatasi infeksi MRSA melalui peningkatan sitokin IL-6. Efek ekstrak Thymus vulgaris terhadap IL-6 dan hitung kuman pada hepar mencit balb-c yang diinfeksi MRSA diuji pada penelitian ini. Desain penelitian adalah post test only control group design. Populasi studi menggunakan 30 ekor mencit balb-c jantan yang diinfeksi MRSA dan dibagi secara acak dalam enam kelompok. Kelompok penelitian dibagi menjadi enam, yaitu kelompok K1 (mencit diinfeksi MRSA tanpa diterapi), P1 (mencit diterapi ekstrak Thymus vulgaris, 7 hari kemudian diinfeksi MRSA), K2 (mencit diinfeksi dan diterapi vankomisin), P2 (mencit diinfeksi dan diterapi ekstrak TV + vankomisin), K3 (mencit diinfeksi dan diterapi amoksisilin), dan P3 (mencit diinfeksi dan diterapi ekstrak TV + amoksisilin). IL-6 diukur dengan ELISA, hitung kuman dinilai dengan kultur mikrobiologi. Data dianalisis dan diolah menggunakan uji hipotesis dengan uji t-test independent program SPSS 22.0. Hasilnya ditemukan kadar IL-6 yang tidak bermakna antara kelompok K1-P1 (p>0,05), K2-P2 (p>0,05), dan K3-P3 (p>0,05). Penurunan hitung kuman bermakna pada kelompok K1-P1 (p<0,05), tidak bermakna pada K2-P2 (p>0,05) dan K3-P3 (p>0,05). Kadar IL-6 dengan penurunan hitung kuman MRSA di hepar memiliki korelasi positif yang sangat lemah (r=0,086). Ekstrak Thymus vulgaris terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan hitung kuman MRSA pada kelompok yang tidak mendapatkan antibiotik tetapi tidak terbukti meningkatkan kadar IL-6. The increasing phenomenon of bacterial resistance, namely Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), encourages the importance of extracting natural substances that have anti-bacterial effects or which modulate immune responses. Thymus vulgaris (TV) or herbal thyme is known to have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects, so it is expected to overcome MRSA infection through increased IL-6 cytokines. The effect of Thymus vulgaris extract on IL-6, and bacterial counts on the liver of balb-c mice infected by MRSA tested in this study. The study design was Post-test only control group design. The population of the study was used 30 male balb-c mice infected with MRSA and randomly divided into six groups. The study group divided into 6 groups; K1 group (mice infected by MRSA without being treated), P1 (mice treated with Thymus vulgaris extract 7 days later infected with MRSA), K2 (mice infected and treated with vancomycin), P2 (mice infected and treated with TV + vancomycin extract), K3 (mice infected and treated with amoxicillin), and P3 (mice infected and treated with TV + amoxicillin extract). IL-6 was measured by ELISA, the bacterial count was assessed by microbiological culture. Data were analyzed and processed using hypothesis testing with an independent t-test program SPSS 22.0. The results showed that IL-6 levels were not significant between groups K1- P1 (p > 0.05), K2-P2 (p >0.05), and K3-P3 (p>0.05). The decrease in bacterial count was significant in the K1-P1 group (p< 0.05), not significant in K2-P2 (p>0.05) and K3-P3 (p>0.05). The level of IL-6 with a decrease in MRSA count in the liver has a very weak positive correlation (r = 0.086). Thymus vulgaris extract was proven to be effective in reducing MRSA counts in groups that did not get antibiotics but were not proven to increase IL-6 levels
ISOLASI, EFEKTIVITAS, DAN KARAKTERISASI BAKTERIOFAG LITIK Salmonella enterica SEBAGAI BIOKONTROL PENYAKIT GASTROENTERITIS Debi Arivo; Tessa Sjahriani
Mandala Of Health Vol 12 No 2 (2019): Mandala Of Health
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (515.659 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.mandala.2019.12.2.2024

Abstract

Salmonella enterica merupakan salah satu bakteri patogen penyebab gastroenteritis yang ditransmisikan melalui air dan makanan terkontaminasi yang sering terjadi pada negara berkembang. Beberapa strain Salmonella enterica multi-resisten terhadap berbagai antibiotika. Bakteriofag litik pada famili Siphoviridae dapat menjadi solusi alternatif dalam mengurangi kejadian gastroenteritis oleh Salmonella enterica. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi, mengetahui kemampuan bakteriofag litik Lytic Bacteriophage 1 (LB1) dalam melisis inangnya yaitu Salmonella enterica penyebab gastroenteritis, serta mengetahui karakterisasi bakteriofag litik LB 1 sebagai biokontrol penyakit gastroenteritis. Bakteriofag litik diisolasi dari pembuangan limbah domestik menggunakan teknik double layer plaque. Bakteriofag litik diidentifikasi berdasarkan morfologi plak, struktur litik, inang, aktivitas lisis sel bakteri Salmonella enterica, stabilitas dalam kondisi buffer yang berbeda dan karakterisasi protein. Bakteriofag litik LB1 hanya menginfeksi sel Salmonella enterica. Hasil pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), bakteriofag litik LB1 termasuk ke dalam famili Siphoviridae. Morfologi kepala hexagonal-icosahedral berdiameter 72.7 nm, dengan ekor non-kontraktil berdiameter 17.3 nm dan panjang 100 nm. Bakteriofag litik LB1 memiliki stabilitas terbaik dalam buffer Ringers suhu 4 oC yang ditunjukkan dengan penurunan plak sebesar 28% setelah 3 minggu penyimpanan. Hasil pengujian efektivitas menunjukkan bahwa bakteriofag litik LB1 dapat mengurangi populasi sel Salmonella sebanyak 67,12% setelah 8 jam inkubasi. Bakteriofag litik LB1 memiliki 8 protein yang berbeda dengan berat molekul yang beragam 11.4 kDa, 19.6 kDa, 23 kDa, 33 kDa, 58.3 kDa, 77 kDa, 94.5 kDa, 133 kDa. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa bakteriofag litik LB1 yang diisolasi pembuangan limbah domestik dapat secara efektif mengurangi Salmonella enterica dengan cara melisis sel bakteri. Bakteriofag litik LB1 berpeluang dapat digunakan sebagai biokontrol penyakit gastroenteritis yang disebabkan oleh Salmonella enterica. Stabilitas terbaik bakteriofag litik LB1 pada penyimpanan dalam buffer Ringer di suhu dingin (4oC), memiliki karakterisasi famili Siphoviridae, dapat mengurangi Salmonella enterica sebanyak 67.12% setelah 8 jam inkubasi, dan memiliki berat molekul 11.4-133 kDa. Salmonella enterica is one of pathogenic bacteria causing gastroenteritis transmitted by water and food contamination which commonly occur in developing country. Some study reported that Salmonella serovar enterica strains were multi-resistant to various of antibiotics. Lytic bacteriophage in Siphoviridae family offered a good solution to reduce gastroenterytis disease caused by Salmonella enterica. This reseach aim was to isolate, effectivity test of LB 1 and to characterize lytic bacteriophage as biocontrol of gastroenterytis. Methodology and results were LB1 lytic bacteriophage was isolated from domestic waste using double layer plaque technique, was determined by the plaque morphology, the structure, the host range, the activity to lyse bacterial host cells, the stability of phage on different buffer conditions, and the protein characterization. The results showed that LB1 only infects Salmonella enterica. Based on Electron Microscope Observation showed that LB1 is grouped into Siphoviridae. It has hexagonal-icosahedral head with 72.7 nm in diameter and long-non contractile tail with 100 nm in diameter. LB1 had a good storage stability in Ringers buffer at low temperature (40C), with viability of bacteriophage decreased by 28% after 3 weeks of storage. The effectiveness showed that LB1 could reduce Salmonella enterica by 67.12% after 8 hours of incubation. LB 1 has different proteins with molecular weights: 11.4 kDa, 19.6 kDa, 23 kDa, 33 kDa, 58.3 kDa, 77 kDa, 94.5 kDa, and 133 kDa. The conclusion was LB1 was isolated from sewage water were identified to reduces Salmonella enterica effectively with concentration of 8.2x108 CFU/mL. LB 1 can be used as a biocontrol of gastroenterytis caused by Salmonella enterica, LB 1 has the best stability in buffer ringers in cold temperatures (4oC) and proven as Siphoviridae family, reduced Salmonella enterica by 67.12% after 8 hours of incubation, and has protein molecule with molecular weight 11.4 to 133 kDa.

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