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Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 08545510     EISSN : 24605727     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.30101
Core Subject : Humanities, Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Social Sciences
Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan is published by the Center for Environment Studies, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The journal is focused to the relationship between people and its environment that are oriented for environmental problems solving. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan receives a manuscript with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach Abiotic : physical, chemical, technical, geo-environmental science and modelling science Biotic : environmental biology, ecology, agro environment Culture : environmental-socio,-economics,-culture, and environmental health.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Ilmu Lingkungan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 17, No 3 (2010): November" : 7 Documents clear
DINAMIKA KOMUNITAS PLANKTON DI PERAIRAN EKOSISTEM HUTAN BAKAU SEGARA ANAKAN YANG SEDANG BERUBAH (Plankton Dynamic in the Changing Mangrove Ecosystem of Segara Anakan Central Java) Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan
Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan Vol 17, No 3 (2010): November
Publisher : Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jml.18712

Abstract

ABSTRAKPerairan hutan bakau Segara Anakan merupakan ekosistem yang sedang berubah karena sedimentasi yang tinggi sejak tahun 1980, dan telah mengakibatkan pendangkalan perainan dan mengganggu proses pasang surut. Perubahan ekosistem ini direspon oleh komunitas plankton. pada musim hujan tabun 2002 salinitas perairannya adalah 0 0/00' dan musim kemarau 20 – 32%. Perubahan komunitas plankton tersebut dicirikan hadimya komunitas baik phyto maupun zooplankton dominan sungai pada musim hujan, dan sebaliknya komunitas laut pada musim kemarau. Pada tahun 2004, karena pendangkalan di perairan Bondan, mudflat dan perairannya dikeruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari respon komunitas phyto dan zooplankton terhadap pernbanan ekosistem pada musim kemarau Agustus 2005 di daerah tangkapan ikan nelayan perairan Segara Anakan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada peledakan kemelimpahan phytoplankton yang didommasi olehl populasi Chaetoceros di perairan Bondan dan Klaces sebanyak 206890 dan 397273 individu per 100 liter, dan populasi  Asterione/lajaponica meningkat sebanyak 69778 per 100 liter di perairan Cigatal. Peledakan kedua genus tersebut adalah merupakan respon phytoplankton terhadap meningkatnya kandungan PO4 di perairan oleh pengerukan sedimen di perairan Bondan. Kenaikan P04 di perairan berturut-berturut dari Bondan ke Cigatal sebesar 4,95 ppm, 5,88 ppm, dan 4,62 ppm. Pada musim kemarau, perairan Segara Anakan juga dicirikan dengan hadimya komunitas plankton sungai yaitu sebanyak 19 species phytoplankton, dan 9 spesies zooplankton. Peledakan populasi Chaetoceros tidak direspon oleh peledakan populasi zooplankton. Keadaan ini mencerminkan bahwa kualitas perairan Segara Anakan telah menurun. ABSTRACTThe mangrove ecosystem of Segara Anakan is in the process of changing to the freshwater-wetland due to the heavy sedimentation. This change was responded by the plankton communities. In the 2002 during the rainy season, the salinity was 0 0/00, and the freshwater plankton from the river dominated this mangrove ecosystem. In contrast at the dry season, the salinities were between 20 – 32 0/00, and the estuarine plankton dominated the ecosystem. In the 2004 the Bondan area became shallower and was dredged. In responding to the changing ecosystem, the phyto and zooplankton study was carried out during the dry season of August 2005 at the fishing ground of Segara Anakan. Results showed that there were blooms of phytoplankton. At the Bondan and Klaces waters, Chaetoceros dominated the communities with 206890 and 397273 individuals per 100 liter consecutively. However, at Cigatal Asterionella japonica with 69778 individuals per 100 liter dominated the community. The plankton bloom related to the intensive dredging of sediment at Bondan areas, which increased PO4 highly in the water of Bondan, Klaces, and Cigatal inconsecutively 4.95 ppm, 5.88, and 4.62 ppm. These communities were characterized by the present of 19 species of freshwater phytoplankton and 9 species of zooplankton. Even though the population of Chaetoceros was exploded, but the zooplankton community did not response to the phytoplankton increase. This indicated that the qualities of the mangrove ecosystem waters decreased, and the ecosystem was in the process of changing to freshwater-wetland ecosystem.
PENURUNAN TINGKAT INTRUSI AIR LAUT BERDASARKAN "CHLORIDE BICARBONATE RATIO" MENGGUNAKAN LUBANG RESAPAN BIOPORI : STUDI KASUS DI KOTA SEMARANG (Decreased of Sea Water Intrusion Based On “Chloride-Bicarbonater Ratio”Using the Biopore Absorption Hole) Siti Sundari Miswadi
Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan Vol 17, No 3 (2010): November
Publisher : Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jml.18713

Abstract

ABSTRAKBanjir menjadi agenda tahunan bagi warga yang tinggal di daerah pinggiran pantai di Kota Semarang. Namun sekarang, wilayah yang jauh dari pantaipun kini sudah tidak luput dari banjir dan intrusi air laut. Hal ini terjadi karena airtanah sudah melebihi besarnya pengisian kembali (recharge), dan tanah sudah kehilangan fungsinya dalam menyerap air akibat maraknya pembangunan gedung dan perumahan yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan tingkat intrusi air laut di sumur-sumur gali berdasarkan "Chloride-Bicarbonate Ratio", dan daya hantar listrik (DHL) serta salinitas di Kota Semarang. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 30 sumur gali milik penduduk dengan jarak dari pantai antara 0,5-5 (lima) kilometer. Tingkat intrusi air laut dihitung berdasarkan rasio klorida terhadap karbonat dan bikarbonat, dan hasilnya diplotkan pada peta dasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, tingkat intrusi air laut dan nilai DHL di Kota Semarang bagian timur jauh lebih jelek dibandingkan dengan wilayah pantai sebelah barat Kota Semarang, sedangkan kadar salinitas di sebagian besar daerah penelitian rata-rata kadarnya sedang. Hasil penelitian menggunakan lubang resapan biopori (LRB) sebagai adsorben menunjukkan, pada minggu ketiga setelah pembuatan LRB didapatkan tingkat intrusi air laut naik sebesar 66,64 % sumur, dan sebanyak 33,33% sumur turun tingkat intrusinya, sedangkan pada mingggu keenam terjadi penurunan tingkat intrusi sebesar 66,64% sumur, dan 33,33% sumur naik. Kadar salinitas pada minggu ketiga turun sebanyak 83,30 %sumur, dan 16,66% tetap, sedangkan pada minggu keenam 49,90 % sumur salinitasnya naik, 33,33% turun, dan 16,66% tetap. Nilai daya hantar tistrik (DHL) pada minggu ketiga terdeteksi 16,66% sumur naik, dan 83,30% sumur turun, sedangkan pada minggu keenam 49,98 % sumur DHL-nya naik, dan 49,98% turun. Nilai pH pada minggu ketiga terdeteksi 100% sumur turun, sedangkan minggu kelima) 66,64 % turun dan 33,33 % sumur pHnya naik. Kadar N03 menunjukkan pada minggu ketiga dan minggu keenam didapatkan hasil yang sarna, yaitu 16,66% sumur naik, dan 83,30 % turun. Kadar PO43- pada minggu ketiga lerdeteksi sebesar 100% jumlah sumur turun, sedangkan pada minggu keenam 16,66% turun, dan 83,30 % naik. Nilai kekeruhan pada minggu ketiga terdeteksi 16,66% sumur naik, dan 83,30 % turun, sedangkan pada minggu keenam 49,98 % sumur naik kekeruhannya, dan 49,98 % turun. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan, setelah penggunaan LRB pada minggu ketiga, sebanyak 82,41 % sumur mengalami penurunan dan 17,59% mengalami kenaikan pada ketujuh parameter, sedangkan pada minggu keenam sebanyak 54,75% sumur mengalami penurunan, dan 45,25 % sumur mengalami kenaikan pada ketujuh parameter. Hasil optimal penggunaan LRB sebagai adsorben diperoleh pada minggu keenam. ABSTRACTFlood becomes annual agenda for the people who live in the coastal area of Semarang. But now, the regions which far from the coast are now no longer free from the flood and sea water intrusion. It happens because the water already exceeds the amount of soil replenishment (recharge), and the land has lost its function in absorbing water due to uncontrolled construction of buildings and housing which are not environmentally friendly. This study aims to map the level of sea water intrusion in the dug wells based on “Chloride-Bicarbonate Ratio”, and electrical conductivity (DHL) and salinity in the city of Semarang. Research conducted on 30 dug wells owned by residents of the distance from the coast between 0,5-5 (five) kilometers. Sea water intrusion rate was calculated based on the ratio of chloride to carbonate and bicarbonate, and the results were plotted on base maps. The results showed the level of sea water intrusion and the value of DHL in the eastern part of Semarang city much worse than the west coast area of Semarang, while the levels of salinity in most areas of research were in average levels. The results of studies using the Biopore Absorption Hole (LRB) as an absorbent showed during the third week after the construction of LRB, it was acquired that the sea water intrusion rates increased by 66.64% wells, and as many 33.33% wells decreased, whereas at the sixth week the sea water intrusion rates of 66.64% wells decreased whether 33.33% wells increased. Levels of salinity in the third week of 83.30% wells decreased, and 16.66% wells remained the same, whereas in the sixth week the salinity level of 49.90% wells increased, 33.33% wells decreased and 16.66% wells remained the same. Electrical conductivity (DHL) in the third week was detected to increase in 16.66% wells, and decrease in 83.30% wells, while the sixth week, the DHL in 49.98% wells increased and 49.98% wells decreased. pH value in the third week was detected to decrease in 100% wells, while in the sixth week, the pH value decreased in 66.64% wells and 33.33% wells increased. Levels of NO3- in the third week and sixth week obtained the same results, which were 16.66% wells increased and 83.30% wells decreased. PO43- levels in the third week was detected for 100% of the wells decreased, while the sixth week 16.66% wells decreased and 83.30% wells increased. Turbidity value in the third week was detected to increase in 16.66% wells and 83.30% wells decreased, while the sixth week 49.98% wells increased in their turbidity and 49.98% wells decreased. Based on the research, it can be concluded that after the use of LRB in the third week, as many 82.41% wells decreased and 17.59% wells increased in the seven parameters, while in the sixth week as many 54.75% wells decreased and 45.25% wells increased in seven parameters. Optimal results of LRB usage as absorbent were obtained in the sixth week.
INTERRELASI FAKTOR FISIK, NON FISIK DAN PERILAKU PETANI DALAM MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA PERTANIAN DI MUNA BARAT (Interrelationship Environmental Factor and Farmer’s behavior in Agriculture Resource Management at West Muna,Southeast Sulawesi Province) Weka Widayati; Kasto Kasto; Hadi Sabari Yunus; Suhatmini Hardyastuti
Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan Vol 17, No 3 (2010): November
Publisher : Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jml.18714

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji interrelasi antara faktor fisik, non fisik dan perilaku petani dalam manajemen sumber daya pertanian, dan menemukan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku petani dalam manajemen sumber daya pertanian di Muna Barat. Metoda penelitian menggunakan rancangan kausal-komparatif. Wilayah penelitian terbagi atas dua dimensi ekologikal, yaitu: wilayah antara rata-rata surut terendah-arbitrer garis pasang surut (wilayah I) dan wilayah antara arbitrer dari garis pasang surut-batas daratan (wilayah II). Populasi penelitian adalah petani yang berusahatani tanaman pangan dengan pengambilan sampel bertahap. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara terstruktur, dan wawancara mendalam. Kerangka pokok analisis menggunakan pendekatan ekologi. Data dianalisis dengan Environment theme of analysis & regresi berganda program SPSS window ver.17. Hasil penelitian adalah: (l) interrelasi antara faktor fisik dan non fisik di wilayah II lebih kuat daripada di wilayah I, (2) frekuensi akses informasi pertanian memiliki kontribusi terbesar dan positif (+) terhadap perilaku petani dalam manajemen sumber daya pertanian tanaman pangan di wilayah I dan II. ABSTRACTResearch objectives are: (1) to examine interrelationship between physical and nonphysical factors toward farmer’s behavior in agriculture resources management, and (4) to find  factor’s influence  farmer’s behavior in agriculture resource management in West Muna. Research methods were using causal-comparative design. Research region was divided in two ecological dimensions, they are: the area between the lowest average ebb tide-arbitrary intertidal line (Region I) and the area between the arbitrary from intertidal-coastline (Region II). Research populations are farmers with at least four season of crop farming experience in West Muna with multi stage sampling. Data collecting  techniques were observation, structured interview, and in-depth interview. Basic frameworks of the analysis was using ecological approach. Data was analyzed with Environment theme of analysis & multiple  regression analysis using Windows SPSS version 17 Program. The research results were: (1) interrelationship between physical and nonphysical factor in region II is stronger than in region I, (2) The access frequency of agriculture information has the biggest and positive (+) contribution toward farmer’s behavior in crop management in region I and II.
URBANISASI DAN DAMPAKLINGKUNGAN DI KORIDOR KENDAL-SEMARANG-DEMAK (Urbanization and Environmental Impact in Kendal-Semarang-Demak Corridor) Saratri Wilonoyudho
Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan Vol 17, No 3 (2010): November
Publisher : Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jml.18715

Abstract

ABSTRAKTujuan dari paper ini ialah untuk memberikan penjelasan tentang pola dan kecenderungan yang terjadi saat ini terkait pertumbuhan kawasan urban, dan mendiskusikan hubungan antara urbanisasi dan masalah lingkungan di Koridor Kendal-Semarang-Demak, serta implikasi kebijakannya. Lebih dari 20 tahun banyak kawasan urban yang mengalami pertumbuhan dramatis sebagai hasil dari pertumbuhan penduduk yang sangat cepat dan transformasi ekonomi dunia akibat kombinasi dari perubahan teknologi dan politik. Penduduk di perkotaan secara kasar dua kali lipat jika kawasan di pinggiran ditambahkan ke kawasan inti di metropolitan. Dalam kasus di Semarang, hal ini lebih dari dua kali lipatnya. Kawasan dalam didatangi para migran yang datang dari kawasan inti maupun dari pelosok negen. Migrasi netto dalam banyak kasus memberi kontribusi bagi pertumbuhan penduduk di kawasan tersebut, sedangkan di kawasan inti migrasi netto kecil kontribusinya. Model yang komprehensif disarankan karena urbanisasi di koridor Kendal-Semarang-Demak dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor demografi yang bersifat struktural dan sosial. Oleh karenanya keseimbangan antara pelaksanaan manajemen lingkungan perkotaan dengan peningkatan kapasitas sumberdaya lingkungan, merupakan kunci utama bagi keberlanjutan di koridor ini dan kehidupan yang sehat pada umumnya. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to provide a broad overview of the recent patterns and trends of urban growth, and to discuss the relationship between urbanization and environment in Corridor Kendal-Semarang-Demak, and also to asses the policy implication. Over the last 20 years many urban areas have experienced dramatic growth, as a result of rapid population growth and as the world`s economy has been transformed by a combination of rapid technological and political change. The population of the cities roughly doubles when we add the zones to the metropolitan core. In the cases of Semarang, there is much more than a doubling. The inner zones are where the action is migrant come there from both the core and elsewhere in the country. Net migration in many cases contributes as much as two thirds of the population growth in these zones, whereas in the city cores, net migration contributes little to growth. A comprehensive model suggest that urbanization in Corridor Kendal-Semarang-Demak is influenced by structural and social demographic factors. So, the balance between managing urban discharges to environment and enhancing environmental resource capacity is the key determinant of the sustainability of the corridor and livability in general
RETAID DI PERAIRAN PESISIR BARAT TABLASUPA KABUPATEN JAYAPURA, PAPUA (Red-tide at Western Coast of Tablasupa, Jayapura, Papua) Suwarno Hadisusanto; Puguh Sujarta
Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan Vol 17, No 3 (2010): November
Publisher : Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jml.18716

Abstract

ABSTRAKRetaid (red-tide) adalah fenomena alam yang sering terjadi baik di perairan laut dan tawar. Fenomena ini menunjukkan perubahan warna dari biru laut menjadi merah, coklat, kuning bahkan putih susu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi terjadinya retaid di perairan Tablasupa, Jayapura, Papua. Pencuplikan plankton dilakukan pada tanggal 8-10 Agustus 2007 di dua lokasi dengan empat ulangan waktu (pagi, siang, sore dan malanr). Hasil analisis laboratorium menunjukkan adanya 18 genus tetapi hanya dua genus yang berpotensi menimbulkan retaid yaitu Ceratium dan Chaetoceros. Kemungkinan kecil terjadinya retaid di perairan Tablasupa karena kemelimpahan fitoplankton cukup rendah. ABSTRACTRed-tide is natural fenomenon and can be raised at marine and fresh-waters. This fenomenon was visualized by color changes from dark-blue to become redess, browness, yellowish and milkess. The objectives to find red-tide potentially at Tablasupa west coast, Jayapura, Papua. The sample was collected on August 8-10st, 2007, at two locations and four replicated. The results there were 18 genera and two red-tide potential genera was Ceratium dan Chaetoceros. There will no red-tide in Tablasupa because low abundance of phytoplankton.
GROUND WATER ASSESSMENT IN AGRICULTURAL AREA, CASE STUDY FROM MACHANG-MALAYSIA (Penilaian Air Tanah di Daerah Pertanian, Studi Kasus di Machang Malaysia) Nur Islami
Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan Vol 17, No 3 (2010): November
Publisher : Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jml.18717

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe study area is located in Machang, North Kelantan - Malaysia. The North Kelantan plain is covered with Quaternary sediments overlying granite bedrock. The drainage system is dendritic with the main river flowing into the South China Sea. Hydrogeochemical method was used to study groundwater of shallow aquifer characters within the area. Based on water samples analysis collected from the study area, it can be deduced that the cations and anions concentration are good for domestic use except in the southern region which the nitrate concentration is higher (more than 20 mg/l) compared to the northern region (relatively zero). The areas that possibly possess nitrate-contaminated groundwater have been mapped along with groundwater flow patterns. The southern and middle part of the study area has an east to west groundwater flow pattern, making it impossible for contaminated water from the southern region to enter the northern area, despite in the northern area has lower elevation.ABSTRAKLokasi area studi adalah berada di Machang, Kelantan Utara – Malaysia. Dataran tanah wilayah Kelantan Utara dilapisi oleh batuan Sedimen Kuarter yang mana batuan granit sebagai batuan dasar. Sistem pengairan adalah berbentuk jaringan dendritik dengan sungai utama mengalir ke Laut Cina Selatan. Metoda hydrogeochemical digunakan untuk mempelajari karakter air tanah dari akuifer dangkal untuk keseluruhan area studi. Berdasarkan pada analisa air yang diperoleh dari area studi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi kation dan anion baik digunakan untuk kehidupan sehari hari kecuali air tanah di area sebelah selatan yang mana kandungan nitratnya tinggi (lebih dari 20 mg/l) dibandingkan di area sebelah utara (hampir tidak ada kandungan nitrat). Area yang memungkinkan memiliki konsentrasi nitrat pada air tanah dipetakan dengan kombinasi pola aliran air tanah. Pola aliran air tanah di area belahan selatan dan bagian tengah adalah dari timur ke barat yang mana tidak memungkinkannya air tanah yang terkontaminasi oleh nitrat di belahan selatan untuk masuk ke area belahan utara walaupun di belahan utara adalah dataran rendah.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN KATALIS PADA REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI TERHADAP KUALITAS BIODIESEL LIMBAH MINYAK TEPUNG IKAN SARDIN (The Effect of Using Catalyst in Transesterification Reaction on the Biodiesel Quality from Sardine flour Oil Waste) Latif Sabubawa
Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan Vol 17, No 3 (2010): November
Publisher : Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jml.18718

Abstract

ABSTRAKReaksi transesterifikasi pembentukan metil ester (biodiesel) dari limbah minyak tepung ikan sardin menggunakan NaOH sebagai katalis. Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi katalis NaOH dalam reaksi transesterifikasi terhadap produksi biodiesel, konversi, dan kualitas fisik biodiesel. Variabel yang dianalisis adalah pengaruh konsentrasi katalis NaOH (0,5%, 1,0%, 1,5%, dan 2,0% dari berat total minyak dan metanol) pada tahap reaksi transesterifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan penggunaan konsentrasi katalis NaOH (0,5% dan 1,5%), menghasilkan biodiesel (%) yang semakin tinggi. Konversi biodiesel terbesar diperoleh pada konsentrasi NaOH 1,5% (b/b), yaitu 45,34%. Komponen pada pembentukanbiodiesel adalah campuran metil palmitat (20,31%). Berdasarkan data ASTM, biodiesel yang dihasilkan memiliki kualifikasi sebagai bahan bakar diesel. ABSTRACTProcess of the transesterification reaction of sardine flour oil waste with NaOH as base catalyst in producing biodiesel was conducted. The research purpose has studied the influence of NaOH concentration in transesterification process and examine its effect on the quality of biodiesel production, conversion, and physialc quality. The variables that analysed was the effect of NaOH concentration as catalyst (0,5%, 1,0%, 1,5%, and 2,0% from amount of oil and methanol) in the transesterification reaction step. The result showed that the increasing NaOH concentration (0,5% until 1,5%), enhanced the biodiesel conversion (%). The highest conversion of biodiesel was achieved by using 1,50% NaOH (w/w) with 45,34% biodiesel conversion. The major component in the biodiesel was methyl palmitate (20,31%). ASTM analysis data also supported that the biodiesel product was in agreement with automotive diesel fuel specification.

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