Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia
The MOLEKUL is dedicated to fostering advancements in all branches of chemistry and its diverse sub-disciplines. It aims to publish high-quality research encompassing a wide range of topics, including but not limited to Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biological Activities of Synthetic Drugs, Environmental Chemistry, Biochemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Petroleum Chemistry, and Agricultural Chemistry. By providing a platform for rigorous scientific inquiry and dissemination of knowledge, the journal strives to contribute to the understanding, innovation, and practical applications of chemistry in various fields. We encourage submissions that explore new methodologies, elucidate fundamental principles, address pressing challenges, and demonstrate the potential for real-world impact. Our journal welcomes original research articles, reviews, and perspectives from researchers, scholars, and professionals across the global scientific community, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and the advancement of chemical sciences. The scope of this journal encompasses a wide range of topics within the field of chemistry, with a particular focus on advancing knowledge and innovation in the following areas: 1. Theoretical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry: This includes theoretical studies, computational modeling, and experimental investigations related to chemical reactivity, molecular structures, spectroscopy, and the environmental fate and impact of chemicals. 2. Materials Synthesis for Energy and Environmental Applications: The journal welcomes research on the synthesis, characterization, and application of materials for energy storage, catalysis, solar energy conversion, pollution mitigation, and sustainable environmental technologies. 3. Isolation, Purification, and Modification of Biomolecules: Manuscripts addressing the isolation, purification, and modification of biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, along with their applications in areas such as biotechnology, drug discovery, and diagnostics, are of particular interest. 4. Fabrication, Development, and Validation of Analytical Methods: The journal encourages submissions focusing on the development and optimization of analytical techniques, including chromatography, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and mass spectrometry. Topics may include method validation, sample preparation, quality control, and applications in diverse fields.
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<![CDATA[Enhanced Microwave Absorption Quality of Bio-Silica-Barium-Ferrite Composites: Interplay of Fe3+ and Si4+ ]]>
<![CDATA[Widanarto, Wahyu]]>;
<![CDATA[Effendi, Mukhtar]]>;
<![CDATA[Cahyanto, Wahyu Tri]]>;
<![CDATA[Ghoshal, Sib Krishna]]>;
<![CDATA[Kurniawan, Candra]]>;
<![CDATA[Handoko, Erfan]]>;
<![CDATA[Alaydrus, Mudrik]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 2 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.2.7326
<![CDATA[This paper reports the improved microwave (MW) absorption characteristics of some newly prepared bio-silica-barium-ferrite composites (SBFCs) of the form (x)Bio-SiO2:(80-x)Fe2O3:(20) BaO (where x = 0, 2, and 4 wt.%). These composites were prepared using the modified solid-state reaction method with simultaneous sintering at 800 and 1100 °C. SBFCs were studied to determine the impact of various bio-silica concentrations on their morphology, structure, magnetic properties, permittivity, permeability, and X-band reflection loss. Various SBFC thicknesses were simulated to determine the reflection loss curves. It has been established that the MW absorption capacity of the examined SBFCs may be altered by adjusting the bio-silica concentration and sample thickness.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Annealing and Etching Times on Anatase TiO2 Hollow Sphere ]]>
<![CDATA[Rakhman, Khusna Arif]]>;
<![CDATA[Aprilita, Nurul Hidayat]]>;
<![CDATA[Kartini, Indriana]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 2 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.2.7480
<![CDATA[The development of high-efficiency photocatalysts plays an important role in the application of solar energy conversion. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) with an anatase crystalline phase is well-known as semiconductor thin layers for solar cells. This work has constructed a novel TiO2 hollow sphere (HST) in a 2-step synthesis. The first step is coating the SiO2 template with TiO2 to build a core-shell of SiO2@TiO2 (CSST). The second step is etching via sonication to elute the SiO2 from CSST and construct the HST. The annealing of CSST for 1 to 6 hours and etching for 1 to 7 hours has resulted in the HST with different crystallite sizes and microstrains. The HST of ~90 nm has been fabricated with crystallite size of 9.53 to 20.54 nm and microstrain from 0.34 to 3.42. It was found that the optimum crystallite size and microstrain of HST obtained via annealing the CSST for 2 hours and etching for 5 hours has the best photooxidation of I- under UV irradiation. The optimum crystallite size and microstrain of HST via annealing and etching times can be recommended for the future of solar cell fabrication and applications.]]>
<![CDATA[Identification and Expression of cGnRH-II Gene in Three Strains Osphronemus gouramy (Soang, Jepun and Bluesafir) ]]>
<![CDATA[Rosita, Rita Eka]]>;
<![CDATA[Syakuri, Hamdan]]>;
<![CDATA[Nuryanto, Agus]]>;
<![CDATA[Hilmi, Endang]]>;
<![CDATA[Sukardi, Purnama]]>;
<![CDATA[Prayogo, Norman Arie]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 2 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.2.7616
<![CDATA[Gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy) has very high economic value and is easy to cultivate. Currently there are about six strains that have been successfully cultivated based on their reproductive ability to produce eggs, namely goose (soang, goose gouramy), jepun (japan, japonica), blue sapphire, paris, bastar (broiler) and porcelain. One of the reasons for these differences in ability is internal factors which can be seen through the identification and expression of the cGnRH gene that each of these gouramy strains have. The cGnRH gene functions in signaling the pituitary gland to secrete the hormone GtH. This study aims to identify sequences and gene expression values resulting from three strains of gouramyat different age levels. The research method used was the exploration of three gouramy strains (soang, jepun, blue sapphire) at different age levels (4 months, 8 months, 12 months), and three gouramy strains were taken for each age level. This research was conducted through several stages, namely organ preparation, isolation, sequence identification and measurement of cGnRH gene expression. Sequence data was analyzed using phylogenetic trees and gene expression was analyzed using One Way ANOVA test. The sequence results showed that the soang strain had a sequence that was more similar to the jepun strain than the blue sapphire strain, and the resulting gene expression showed that the three gouramy strains with three different age levels did not give different results.]]>
<![CDATA[Cytotoxic Potential of Essential Oil Isolated from Clibadium Surinamese L Leaves Against T47D Breast and HeLa Cervical Cancer Cells ]]>
<![CDATA[Ulia, Rahmi Vika]]>;
<![CDATA[suryati, Suryati]]>;
<![CDATA[Santoni, Adlis]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 2 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.2.7816
<![CDATA[Semambu (C. surinamense L) plant is a shrub plant that is easy to find. Several terpenoid compounds have been isolated from this plant, previous studies have shown cytotoxic activity of terpenoid class compounds. Terpenoid compounds in a plant are mostly found in essential oils (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes). So far, there has been no report on the cytotoxic potential of essential oils from the leaves of this plant. It is necessary to isolate the essential oils from C. surinamense L leaves and test their cytotoxic potential. Isolation of essential oil of C. surinamense L leaves was carried out by hydrodistillation method, the oil was obtained in the form of a light yellow liquid with a specific gravity of 0.968 g/mL. Analysis of chemical components with Gas Chromatography-Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) through comparison of data from the National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST) found that there were 55 compounds (monoterpene and sesquiterpene groups) with six main compounds, namely β-caryophyllene (30.4%), β-sesquiphellandrene (8.46%), 3 carene (8.16%), α-bisabolene (4.05%), α-humulene (4.0%), and epi- bicyclosesquiphellandrene (4.0%). The potential cytotoxic test of essential oil from isolation showed highly cytotoxic activity with the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method against Artemia salina L shrimp larvae with LC50 value of 0.9261 μg/mL and Microculture tetrazolium test (MTT) method against T47D breast cancer cells and HeLa cervix with IC50 values of 12.72 μg/mL and 30.14 μg/mL.]]>
<![CDATA[Fatty Acid Profile and Squalene Content in Cucumber Seed Oil (Cucumis sativus) ]]>
<![CDATA[Soetjipto, Hartati]]>;
<![CDATA[Febriyanti, Teresa]]>;
<![CDATA[Kristijanto, Agus Ign.]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 2 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.2.8107
<![CDATA[Cucurbitaceae is known as a source of vegetable oil that can be used in the fields of food, medicine, and cosmetics. Several studies showed that vegetable oil from the Cucurbitaceae contains squalene. Squalene is a high-economic value compound that was originally found in shark liver oil. This compound is proven to be very beneficial for health and cosmetics. The objectives of the study are to determine the fatty acid profile and squalene content of cucumber seed oil using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Starting with the preparation of cucumber seeds by drying the clean seed in an oven at 60 0C for 1 hour, then the seeds were extracted using 2 methods namely maceration and a continuous extraction method with a soxhlet extractor. The yield of crude oil obtained by the soxhlet extractor is higher than maceration, which was 19.38 ± 0.94%, yellow colour, and distinct aroma, 2% water oil content; oil density of 0.96 g/mL; free fatty acid levels of 3.51%; an acid value of 4.97 mg NaOH/g oil; and peroxide value of 0.82 meq O2/g oil. The results of the GC-MS analysis showed that cucumber oil was composed of 3 main components namely palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and squalene. Keywords: Cucumber seed oil, Cucumis sativus, fatty acids, squalene.]]>
<![CDATA[Synthesis and Characterization of 4-amino-N'-[(1E)-1-(2-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-yl)ethylidene]benzohydrazide and its Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) Complexes ]]>
<![CDATA[Anarado, Chigozie John Onyinye]]>;
<![CDATA[Iziga, Chinasa Grace]]>;
<![CDATA[Ibeji, Collins Ugochukwu]]>;
<![CDATA[Babahan-Bircan, Ilknur]]>;
<![CDATA[Coban, Burak]]>;
<![CDATA[Cömert, Füsun]]>;
<![CDATA[Anarado, Charity Ebere]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 2 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.2.8186
<![CDATA[New benzohydrazone compound, 4-amino-N'-[(1E)-1-(2-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-yl)ethylidene] benzohydrazide (HL1) and its Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) complexes were synthesized. The structures of HL1 and its complexes were elucidated by elemental analysis and IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The infrared spectral data of the complexes revealed that HL1 coordinated with the metal ions through azomethine nitrogen, enolic oxygen and amide carbonyl oxygen atoms, hence, HL1 behaves as a monobasic tridentate ligand. UV-Vis data revealed that Zn(II) and Mn(II) complexes adopted octahedral geometry, while Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes had five-coordinate and square-planar geometries respectively. The mass spectra data and elemental analysis values are in accordance with the calculated values for the suggested molecular formula of the complexes, a confirmation of the 1:1 ligand to metal stoichiometry in case of Cu(II) complex and 2:1 ligands to metal stoichiometry in case of the other complexes.]]>
<![CDATA[Biochemical Characterization of Ketapang Lipase: Its Preference to Short-Chain Fatty Acids despite the Long-Chain Fatty Acids Dominant Content ]]>
<![CDATA[Faradis, Taritsu Hazal]]>;
<![CDATA[Pomeistia, Meilynda]]>;
<![CDATA[Basri, Nurul Hasan]]>;
<![CDATA['Ardhuha, Jannatin]]>;
<![CDATA[Gunawan, Erin Ryantin]]>;
<![CDATA[Savalas, Lalu Rudyat Telly]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 2 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.2.8302
<![CDATA[Lipases are versatile enzymes with high specificity toward lipid substrate. They have many industrial applications, such as in food, pharmacy, and green fuel. So far, most explored lipases are from microbial and animal sources, whereas those from plants are less studied. The present study aims to characterize ketapang (Terminalia catappa Linn) lipase. The lipase was isolated from germinating ketapang seeds. The activity was determined by hydrolysis of virgin coconut oil (VCO). Biochemical characterization of ketapang lipase includes the optimum temperature, pH, kinetics, metal ions addition, and analysis of substrate specificity. It was shown that ketapang lipase has an optimum temperature of 45 oC, pH 7.5. Ca2+ increases the lipase activity, whereas Na+, K+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, and Cu2+ inhibit ketapang lipase to various extents. A comparison of SDS-PAGE and native-PAGE analysis showed that ketapang lipase consists of several protein subunits. A further test by in-gel assay revealed that the 54 kDa, 35 kDa, two bands at ~16 kDa, and 12 kDa proteins showed lipolytic activity against a-naphthyl palmitate substrate. When tested on various chromogenic fatty acid substrates, ketapang lipase showed the highest specificity against short-chain fatty acids (C4 and C8), despite the fact that ketapang oil seed composes mainly of long fatty acid (C18). Since lipases that have high lipolytic activity toward short fatty acids are considered esterases, the esterase activity of ketapang lipase is yet to be determined.]]>
<![CDATA[Adsorption of Congo Red onto Humic Acid Isolated from Peat Soil Gambut Regency, South Kalimantan ]]>
<![CDATA[Umaningrum, Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurmasari, Radna]]>;
<![CDATA[Santoso, Uripto Trisno]]>;
<![CDATA[Astuti, Maria Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Pradita, Hapsari Tyas]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 2 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.2.8685
<![CDATA[Humic acid is one of the green materials for wastewater treatment including for removal dyes as an adsorbent. Humic acid was isolated from peat soil, Gambut Regency, South Kalimantan following International Humic Substances Society method, and used to adsorb Congo red. The adsorption process was carried out in a batch system and the effect of pH, contact time, and adsorption capacity of Congo red on humic acid were studied. The adsorbent characterization by using FTIR. The results showed that the adsorption of Congo red on humic acid occurred at the optimum pH of pH 6, the optimum contact time was 120 minutes. The adsorption capacity of Congo red onto humic acid of 33.33 mg/g and follows the Langmuir model with R2 = 0.9926. The characterization of humic acid functional groups before and after adsorption of Congo red showed that the signal at 1,712.79 cm-1 were shifted to 1,705.07 cm-1 and 1,273.02 cm-1 were shifted to 1,265.30 cm-1. These suggested that the mechanism interaction was the electrostatic interaction between -NH3+ functional group of Congo red group and -COO- functional group of humic acid. It means that humic acid isolated from peat soil could be used as an adsorbent for the removal Congo red.]]>
