International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
The International Journal of Renewable Energy Development - (Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.; p-ISSN: 2252-4940; e-ISSN:2716-4519) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal co-published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) that aims to promote renewable energy researches and developments, and it provides a link between scientists, engineers, economist, societies and other practitioners. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development is currently being indexed in Scopus database and has a listing and ranking in the SJR (SCImago Journal and Country Rank), ESCI (Clarivate Analytics), CNKI Scholar as well as accredited in SINTA 1 (First grade category journal) by The Directorate General of Higher Education, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia under a decree No 200/M/KPT/2020. The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass and Bioenergy, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen production technology, Energy policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency, planning and management, Life cycle assessment. The journal also welcomes papers on other related topics provided that such topics are within the context of the broader multi-disciplinary scope of developments of renewable energy.
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<![CDATA[Determinants of CO2 Emissions in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Evidence from MINT Economies ]]>
<![CDATA[Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo]]>;
<![CDATA[Ayobamiji Abraham Awosusi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ibrahim Adeshola]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 9, No 3 (2020): October 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2020.31321
<![CDATA[CO2 emission is one the major contributor to climate change that the top CO2 emitting countries are always trying to mitigate. In an attempt to fill the gap in energy and environmental literature, this study explores the interaction between economic growth, energy usage, trade and urbanization on CO2 emission for MINT economies using the time coverage from 1980 to 2018, providing new perspectives into the literature by employing panel data analysis. Aiming to create robust outcomes, this paper deployed both conventional and modern econometric techniques. The panel co-integration test revealed evidence of the co-integration between CO2 and its determinants in the MINT economies. In order to explore the linkages between CO2 and its determinants, the ARDL PMG model was utilized in MINT economies. Findings based on the ARDL PMG reveals; (i) positive interconnection between CO2 emissions and energy usage; (ii) no significant link was found between CO2 and economic growth; (iii) urbanization influence CO2 positively while a negative link was found between CO2 and trade. Furthermore, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin Causality test revealed; (i) uni-directional causality from CO2 to urbanization; (ii) GDP growth cause CO2 while CO2 causes energy usage. Based on these findings, recommendations were put forward. ]]>
<![CDATA[Bio-oil synthesis from cassava pulp via hydrothermal liquefaction: Effects of catalysts and operating conditions ]]>
<![CDATA[Thanakrit Nonchana]]>;
<![CDATA[Kulachate Pianthong]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 9, No 3 (2020): October 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.9.3.329-337
<![CDATA[The influence of catalysts and operating conditions on the conversion and yield of bio-crude oil from CP via the hydrothermal liquefaction technique (HTL) were studied. HTL is commonly used to convert CP to bio-crude oil (BCO). Three independent factors—reaction temperatures (250–350 °C), reaction times (30–90 min), and CP concentrations (5–20 wt.%)—were investigated. Proximate analysis showed that CP comprises 84.61% volatile matter and 13.59% fixed carbon. The ultimate analysis demonstrated that CP has carbon and oxygen levels of 44.86% and 46.91%, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that CP begins to decompose at temperatures between 250–350 °C. The results show that KOH is the most suitable catalyst because it provides the highest BCO yield when compared to other catalysts under the same operating conditions. We found that the ideal operating conditions for maximizing BCO performance are 250 °C, pressure of 17.0 MPa, 90 min, 5 wt.%. Under these conditions, Fourier transforms infrared analysis showed that the most abundant chemical bonds found in BCO were CH3-O, CH3-C, and CH3. The findings of the CHNS analysis showed that BCO has an H/C ratio of 2.25, similar to that of petroleum and bio-diesel. Results from a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer indicate that a fatty acid group is the main component of BCO. ]]>
<![CDATA[Composition Assessment of a Power Distribution System with Optimal Dispatching of Distributed Generation ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Afzal]]>;
<![CDATA[Manuel S. Alvarez-Alvarado]]>;
<![CDATA[Zafar A. Khan]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed Alghassab]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 9, No 3 (2020): October 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2020.31428
<![CDATA[Increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) is imminent in the new age of power distribution networks, which are smarter than the conventional grids. They enable the integration of DG into the power distribution network. This paper presents an assessment methodology for determining the optimal capacity and location of DG to ensure high reliability in a radial distribution network. The approach considers cost and the impact of aging on the DG and network topology for interconnection using genetic algorithm, which is a robust technique with wide solution space searchability and can potentially find global optima with fewer chances of getting trapped into local optima. A case study is simulated using three different scenarios to evaluate the impact of DG interconnection on the 13.8 kV power distribution network. The scenarios comprise of situations without any DG, with DG interconnection and optimization of DG interconnection. The case study shows that the penetration of DG increases the reliability of the distribution network while reducing the expected energy not supplied (EENS). Although, the difference between EENS in the optimized DG integration and non-optimized DG integration is not very significant in a small network, however, it becomes apparent with the aging curve that optimized allocation of DG possesses significant benefits.]]>
<![CDATA[Melting Behavior of Phase Change Material in a Solar Vertical Thermal Energy Storage with Variable Length Fins added on the Heat Transfer Tube Surfaces ]]>
<![CDATA[Ramalingam Senthil]]>;
<![CDATA[Aditya Patel]]>;
<![CDATA[Rohan Rao]]>;
<![CDATA[Sahil Ganeriwal]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 9, No 3 (2020): October 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2020.29879
<![CDATA[This paper investigates the melting behaviour of phase change material (PCM) in a vertical thermal energy storage system with provision of thin rectangular fins of uniform and variable lengths on the heat transfer tube surfaces. The selected PCM and heat transfer fluid (HTF) are paraffin wax and water, respectively. The HTF is passed through the helically coiled copper tube of 10 mm diameter to melt the PCM. The time required to complete the melting of PCM in the system with fins is found to be five hours, whereas for the system without fins it is five hours and forty minutes, for the same conditions of constant water temperature of about 70°C and flow rate of 0.02 kg/s. HTF tube with fins is observed to be more effective with a 13.33% faster rate of melting when compared to that of the HTF tube without fins. Such a fast charging process will be helpful in storing maximum energy within a short period/duration of time shorter duration in for solar thermal and heat recovery applications during lean production times. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved]]>
<![CDATA[Bioelectricity Generation From Single-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells With Various Local Soil Media and Green Bean Sprouts as Nutrient ]]>
<![CDATA[Tri Mulyono]]>;
<![CDATA[Misto Misto]]>;
<![CDATA[Busroni Busroni]]>;
<![CDATA[Siswanto Siswanto]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 9, No 3 (2020): October 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2020.30145
<![CDATA[In this experiment, seven single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were made and filled with various types of local agricultural soil and sediments found in irrigation channels, which were mixed with glucose and green bean sprouts mashed as nutrients for microbial survival. MFC electric power was measured every day for 35 days. Every time low electric power indicated weak microbial activity, green bean sprouts were added. The highest electric power of 118 µW (23.4 mW/m2) was observed in fuel cells filled with agricultural land planted with rice. Power density reached the range of 120–140 mW/m2, whereas the incubation time showed a maximum of 35 days. This study found that adding green bean sprouts can increase the length of the MFC cycle and strengthen the generated power up to 122 mW. ]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Devices and Driving Pressures on Energy Requirements and Mass Transfer Coefficient on Microalgae Lipid Extraction Assisted by Hydrodynamic Cavitation ]]>
<![CDATA[Martomo Setyawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Panut Mulyono]]>;
<![CDATA[Sutijan Sutijan]]>;
<![CDATA[Yano Surya Pradana]]>;
<![CDATA[Laras Prasakti]]>;
<![CDATA[Arief Budiman]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 9, No 3 (2020): October 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2020.26773
<![CDATA[Previous studies of biodiesel production from microalgae have concluded that microalgal biodiesel is not profitable at an industrial scale due to its excessive energy consumption for lipid extraction. Hydrodynamic cavitation lipid extraction is one of the extraction methods which has lower energy consumption. Thismethod enables a fast extraction rate and low energy consumption for cell disruption. In order to achieve optimum process conditions, several influential parameters, which are cavitation generator geometry and driving pressure, need to be scrutinized. The experimental result showed that the maximum yield was obtained at 5 bar driving pressure. The lowest specific extraction energy was obtained at 4.167 bar driving pressure while using one side concave cavitation generator geometry with the ratio of the reduced cross-sectional area of 0.39. The value of the energy extraction requirement 17.79 kJoule/g lipids is less than the biodiesel heating value, and the value of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient is almost 20 times fold greater than the conventional extraction method, therefore this method is promising to be further developed.]]>
<![CDATA[CFD Investigation of A New Elliptical-Bladed Multistage Savonius Rotors ]]>
<![CDATA[Khalid Mrigua]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdelghani Toumi]]>;
<![CDATA[Mounia Zemamou]]>;
<![CDATA[Bader Ouhmmou]]>;
<![CDATA[Yahya Lahlou]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed Aggour]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 9, No 3 (2020): October 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2020.30286
<![CDATA[The Savonius-conventional wind turbine is a class of wind turbines designed with a vertical axis. It has a good starting capacity and an insensitivity to wind direction. It works relatively at low wind speed in an easy installation. Savonius wind turbine faces major drawbacks, including some of the low efficiency and high negative torque created by the returning blade. Many attempts have been undertaken to optimize the blade’s shape to increase the performance of these wind turbines. The vertical axis is still under development. The elliptical-blades with a cut angle equal 47.50° have recently shown enhanced performance. In this study, we investigate the effect of Elliptical-bladed multistage Savonius Rotors (rotor aspect ratio, stage aspect ratio) on the performance by means of numerical simulation. The results obtained by comparison of one, two, and three-stage rotors indicate that the maximum power coefficient increase with a number of the stages (for the rotors with similar RAR of 0.7). Moreover, for the rotors with similar SAR of 0.7, the two stages have the highest performance than others.]]>
<![CDATA[An Analysis of the Stacking Potential and Efficiency of Plant-Microbial Fuel Cells Growing Green Beans (Vigna ungiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristopher Ray Simbulan Pamintuan]]>;
<![CDATA[Angelika Michelle C. Katipunan]]>;
<![CDATA[Patricia Ann O. Palaganas]]>;
<![CDATA[Alvin R. Caparanga]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 9, No 3 (2020): October 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2020.29898
<![CDATA[Plant-Microbial Fuel Cell (PMFC) technology is a promising bioelectrochemical system that can exploit natural plant rhizodeposition to generate electricity. PMFCs can be used to simultaneously generate electricity while growing edible plants, as illustrated in this study. However, the common problem encountered for soil PMFCs is the low power output. To solve this problem, the stacking behavior of PMFCs was examined to maximize the power output of several cells. A grid of 9 PMFCs (3x3) was constructed with stainless steel and carbon fiber electrodes growing green beans (V. ungiculata spp. sesquipedalis) for stacking purposes. Stacking results have shown that too many cells connected in series will result in voltage losses, while stacking in parallel conserves voltage between cells. Stacking a maximum of 3 cells in series is acceptable based on the results, since cumulative stacking revealed that voltage reversals can reduce the overall potential of the stack if there are too many connected cells. Stack combinations were also tested, resulting in an enhanced performance upon combining series and parallel connections allowing power to be amplified and power density to be conserved. The combination of three sets of three cells in series stacked in parallel (3S-P) generated the highest power and power density (160.86 μW/m2) amongst all combinations, showing that power amplification without losses to power density are possible in PMFC stacking. Overall, proper stacking combinations have been shown to greatly affect the performance of PMFCs. It is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to the efforts of applying PMFC technology on a larger scale.]]>
<![CDATA[Physicochemical Characterization of Native and Steam Explosion Pretreated Wild Sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum) ]]>
<![CDATA[Aruna Selvaraj]]>;
<![CDATA[Gobikrishnan Sriramulu]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 9, No 3 (2020): October 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2020.30240
<![CDATA[The technology of biomass conversion to bioethanol primarily based on pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. This study was to investigate the effectiveness of the steam explosion pretreatment of Saccharum spontaneum L., which accomplishes the greater efficacy of physicochemical and structural properties. The collected plant material was processed and analyzed for ash, moisture, Carbon content, and other elements. The cellulose content of pretreated biomass was increased to 54.31% when compared to native wild sugarcane 41.23% due to the removal of lignin. SEM and FTIR results identified the changes in structural and functional groups also the BET analysis confirmed the increased surface area of Pretreated biomass is 55.541m²/g whereas the surface area of native biomass is 17.939 m²/g, this is due to the increase in pore volume and pore diameter of pretreated wild sugarcane which is 0.260 cc/g and 9.712 nm when compared to pore volume and Pore Diameter Dv(d) of raw material is 0.040 cc/g and 3.650 nm. XRD crystallinity pattern of pretreated wild sugarcane showed an increase in the crystallinity index due to the breakage of lignin during pretreatment. This comparative study has been carried out to know the effect of steam explosion pretreatment over the physicochemical composition and structural changes of wild sugarcane for sustainable bioethanol production. ]]>
<![CDATA[Application of Response Surface Methodology to Predict the Optimized Input Quantities of Parabolic Trough Concentrator ]]>
<![CDATA[Vijayan Gopalsamy]]>;
<![CDATA[Ramalingam Senthil]]>;
<![CDATA[Muthukrishnan Varatharajulu]]>;
<![CDATA[Rajasekaran Karunakaran]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 9, No 3 (2020): October 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2020.30092
<![CDATA[This work carries out a numerical investigation on aluminum oxide/de-ionized water nanofluid based shield-free parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) system to evaluate, validate, and optimize the experimental output data. A numerical model is developed using response surface methodology (RSM) for evaluation (identifying influencing parameters and its level) and single objective approach (SOA) technique of desirability function analysis (DFA) for optimization. The experimental data ensured that global efficiency was enhanced from 61.8% to 67.0% for an increased mass flow rate from 0.02 kg/s to 0.06 kg/s, respectively. The overall deviation between experimental and numerical is only 0.352%. The energy and exergy error is varied from 3.0% to 6.0%, and the uncertainty of the experiment is 3.1%. Based on the desirability function analysis, the maximum and minimum efficiencies are 49.7% and 84.9%, as per the SOA technique. This numerical model explores the way to enhance global efficiency by 26.72%.]]>
