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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education {PISSN 2085-191X| EISSN 2338-7610} published scientific papers on the results of biology and biology education research {see Focus and Scope}. Editor accepts the article has not been published in other media with the writing format as listed on page manuscript writing guidelines {see Author Guidelines}. The journal published three times a year, on April, August & December and published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Pendidikan
Articles 18 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024" : 18 Documents clear
Inventory of Diseases in Red Shallot Plants (Allium ascalonicum) Haryuni, Haryuni; Setyadi, Ardhanesdian Rizqi; Suprapti, Endang; Dewi, Tyas Soemarah Kurnia; Irawan, Norbertus Citra; Rahman, Azhar Aditya
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.16546

Abstract

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum) are a popular spice vegetable cultivated in Indonesia, ranging from lowlands to highlands. Their demand continues to grow as they are an essential kitchen commodity, although their prices often fluctuate. This research aimed to examine the disease symptoms in shallot plants caused by pathogenic fungi and to identify the types of pathogenic fungi present on agricultural land in Bangsalan Village, Boyolali Regency. The study consisted of three blocks, each containing 12 plots, and each plot comprising 15 plants. From each plot, five plants were randomly selected as samples. This qualitative research utilized observational and descriptive methods, where symptoms observed in the field were described and identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Macroscopic identification revealed symptoms such as wilting, rot, and spots on both leaves and tubers. Microscopic identification confirmed infections by the fungi Colletotrichum sp. (causing anthracnose), Fusarium spp., and Aspergillus sp. on shallots. The findings from this study provide valuable recommendations for managing shallot diseases in subsequent planting seasons if similar symptoms are observed.
Cover and Table of Content
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.19878

Abstract

Cover and Table of Content
Computational Design of siRNA Targeting Homo sapiens HER2 Splice Variant mRNA: A Potential Strategy for Breast Cancer Intervention Parikesit, Arli Aditya; Ansori, Arif Nur Muhammad; Kharisma, Viol Dhea
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.3685

Abstract

This research focuses on an innovative approach utilizing in silico methods to design small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the HER2 splice variant mRNA in Homo sapiens. HER2 is known to be overexpressed in certain types of breast cancer, contributing to tumor progression and poor prognosis. By designing siRNA molecules that can specifically bind to and degrade HER2 mRNA, this study aims to reduce HER2 protein levels, thereby hindering the growth and spread of breast cancer cells. The in-silico design process involves identifying optimal siRNA sequences that maximize target specificity and minimize off-target effects, which is crucial for potential therapeutic applications. This approach represents a promising step towards personalized medicine in the treatment of breast cancer, offering a targeted strategy to combat this variant associated with aggressive disease. The methodology comprises the RNA computational tools used for the design, the selection criteria for siRNA candidates, and the potential implications of this research in a clinical setting. The resulting outcomes are 2D and 3D siRNA designs that could potentially silence HER2 mRNA through an in-silico approach. The leads were generated using a de novo modeling approach, with no existing template available in GenBank. Moreover, it is concluded that computational tools can generate sufficiently stable 2D and 3D RNA models that could be advanced for further molecular simulation studies. The benefit of this outcome is that it facilitates better preparation for wet laboratory experiments in siRNA assays, with future implementation in vivo and clinical trial settings.
A Cytotoxic Activity of Clitoria ternatea Flower Tea with the Cinnamon and Lemongrass Oil Vapor against T47D Breast Cancer Cells Cahyono, Edy; Handayani, Tri; WH, Nugrahaningsih; Azid, Saffanah Binti Mohd Ab; Alighiri, Dante; Zaky, Adrian Maulana; Aisyah, Sabila; Permatasari, Bella
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.8480

Abstract

Breast cancer is a deadly disease for women. It is crucial to take preventive measures, one of which involves using natural ingredients as chemopreventive agents. Clitoria ternatea flowers, cinnamon, and lemongrass oil have been proven to have cytotoxic activity in several studies. This research aims to analyze the effect of adding cinnamon and lemongrass oil vapor to C. ternatea flower tea on the cytotoxic activity of T47D breast cancer cells. Cytotoxic activity testing was carried out colorimetrically using the MTT (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay method. The results of the research showed that there was a decrease in the IC50 value of C. ternatea flower tea with the addition of cinnamon and lemongrass oil vapor. The IC50 value of C. ternatea flower tea without additional ingredients was the most potent with 14159 μg/mL, compared to 15 g addition of cinnamon with 1164 μg/mL; meanwhile, for 15 seconds of evaporation time for lemongrass, it was at 331 μg/mL, respectively This research shows the potential of C. ternatea flower tea with the addition of cinnamon and lemongrass oil vapor as a chemopreventive agent against breast cancer cells.
The Potential of Spirulina Powder as Feed Additive on Hepatic Histomorphometry in Peking Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) Budiwardani, Dwinanda; Sunarno, Sunarno; Budiraharjo, Kustopo; Isdadiyanto, Sri; Jaya, La Ode Irman
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.9246

Abstract

Providing standard feed to support and improve the growth, productivity, health, and digestibility of livestock still requires feed additives, one of which is the natural feed additive spirulina flour. Spirulina flour was one of the natural feed additives chosen because it contained bioactive compounds, had no side effects on livestock, and substitute for antibiotics for livestock, so it could increase the growth, productivity, health, and digestibility of Peking ducks. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of spirulina flour feed additive on Peking duck liver histomorphometry. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 types of spirulina flour concentration treatments (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) and 5 replications including 5 ducks in each replication. The treatment groups included P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4. Measurement variables included liver weight, hepatosomatic index, hepatocyte and central vein diameter, and sinusoid width. The data obtained were analyzed by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the addition of spirulina flour as a feed additive had no effect on liver weight, hepatosomatic index, hepatocyte diameter, central vein diameter, and sinusoid width. The conclusion of this research was that added spirulina flour (Spirulina sp.) feed additive potentially maintained the histomorphometry of the Peking duck liver organ.
DNA Barcoding Based on matK Gene and Phytochemistry Analyses of Local Balinese Kayu Tangi ( Lagerstroemia sp.) Suada, I Ketut; Wirawan, I Gede Putu; Ningsih, Gusti Ketut Asti Dea; Wijaya, I Nyoman; Munthe, Lambok Jenny Sagita; Gayatri, Anak Agung Sagung Intan; Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes; Parwata, I Made Oka
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.9265

Abstract

Kayu tangi (Lagerstroemia sp.) is one of the medicinal plants that is often used traditionally by Balinese people for treating insomnia, diabetes, and dysentery. This study aims to determine the phylogenetic trees and the active compounds in Lagerstroemia tomentosa extract and its antioxidant activities. The methods used in molecular identification are DNA isolation, PCR, and DNA sequencing. The DNA sample was BLASTed to see its homology with the sequences in GenBank. These sequences were then used for phylogenetic tree analysis. The phytochemical analysis was done using the GC-MS method and the antioxidant activity test used the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) after being reacted with the tested extract.  The results of molecular identification showed that the samples used were closely related to Lagerstroemia tomentosa species (MW044208.1). The antioxidant activity test results showed an IC50 of 2.1 ugml-1 which is included in the very strong category. The phytochemical test results showed that the most dominant compounds contained in the plant stem bark were furfural (AUC 8.54%), beta-sitosterol (AUC 6.00%), and gamma-sitosterol (AUC 3.81%). Based on PubChem data, these compounds have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties as well as insecticide and herbicide. In conclusion, kayu tangi is very close to  Lagerstroemia tomentosa and it’s potentially used as a medicine with strong antioxidant activities.  
Microteaching to Develop Prospective Biology Teachers' Basic Teaching Skills Following Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Parmin, Parmin; Mohtar, Lilia Ellany; Muhlisin, Ahmad; Trisnowati, Eli; Sukmawati, Ika
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.10264

Abstract

Prospective biology teachers have good mastery of the material but are still weak in several indicators of basic teaching skills. Preparing prospective professional biology teachers in Indonesia expects graduates to be able to teach not only in domestic schools but also in schools abroad by integrating Next Generation Science Standards. This study aims to develop prospective teachers' basic teaching skills that integrate Indonesian standards and the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) through best practices of microteaching innovation. The research used the Research and Development method. Microteaching lecture tools for prospective biology teachers were developed. The research targets were 82 prospective biology teachers in microteaching courses who were given the same learning environment. The six biology teachers involved came from three partner schools with different statuses: public, nationalist private, and religious private. A t-statistic model comparison test strengthens this finding, where the score of the second microteaching practice differs from the first practice. This research is a form of curriculum implementation for prospective science teachers who integrate NGSS. This research finds that the practice scores in the second microteaching increase after analyzing the first teaching practice video. The impact of these findings provides solutions to create skillful prospective biology teachers.
Utilization of Trichoderma viride to Increase Patchouli Alcohol from Crude Extract of Acehnese Patchouli Leaves Hardjo, Popy Hartatie; Askitosari, Theresia Desy; Wijaya, Agnes Natalia; Edbert, Joshua; Artadana, Ida Bagus Made; Wittayathanarattana, Takon
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.12057

Abstract

Acehnese Patchouli var. Sidikalang can produce patchouli oil, one of the country's sources of foreign exchange, and it is advantageous in many industries. However, patchouli alcohol (PA) content in patchouli oil is still low. The higher PA content determines the better quality of patchouli oil. So, delignification with Trichoderma viride was carried out to increase PA and yield of patchouli oil. The duration of delignification patchouli leaves is one factor affecting the increase in PA and yield. This study aimed to determine the effect of delignification duration on PA content and yield. The research method was completely randomized with 8 treatments (a combination of 2 treatments: with and without delignification, and 4 delignification durations: 0, 3, 6, and 9 days). The inoculum used for delignification was an inoculum ball, and then patchouli leaf samples were extracted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Gas chromatography was carried out for PA analysis. Delignification of patchouli leaves, with a delignification time of 9 days, showed high PA and yield, which were (0.3129 ± 0.1557)% and (1.4543 ± 0.7717)%, respectively. The success of delignification at  9 days was also shown by increased phenolic content. Trichoderma viride is often utilized in delignification process, but the optimal duration of its delignification of Aceh patchouli leaves that can help improve patchouli oil quality is not yet known. This research is hoped to help related industries improve the secondary metabolites of plants, which has many benefits for the community. Implication/benefit for science development/society.
Valorization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) for Bioethanol Production in Indonesia Gozal, Celine; Halim, Amelia; Ridwan, Albert; Wong, Sidney Laura; Young, Kenneth Gabriel; Nataniel, Jocelyn; Kembaren, Riahna
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.12099

Abstract

Indonesia, one of the world's largest producers of palm oil, generates large amounts of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB). Its improper disposal can cause air pollution and soil acidification. OPEFB comprises lignocellulose, which can be hydrolyzed into monosaccharides to produce bioethanol. Bioethanol is a versatile product commonly produced using food crops as its raw material, but it can also be produced using lignocellulosic biomass to lessen the competition for food crops and land. Thus, this study aimed to produce bioethanol from OPEFB and enhance its production through adaptive evolution and supplementation with molasses. Adaptive evolution was carried out by exposing the yeast to ethanol concentrations of 3–12% (v/v). Native and adaptive strains are grown in OPEFB media supplemented with PEG and molasses. As a result, bioethanol was successfully produced, reaching around 10% (v/v) using a combination of OPEFB hydrolysate, PEG, and 20% molasses. Moreover, it was found that strains adapted toward 9% ethanol are more resistant to ethanol, as they can grow faster than the native strain. This shows that OPEFB can be effectively valorized for bioethanol production as a solution for OPEFB disposal and establishing a circular economy.
Direct Organogenesis of Different Explants of Aceh Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) with Several BAP Concentrations Prayoga, Mohammad Candra; Soeparjono, Sigit; Dewanti, Parawita; Handoyo, Tri; Hardjo, Popy Hartatie; Restanto, Didik Pudji
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.12839

Abstract

The patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) is a tropical herbaceous plant that produces essential oil. One of the problems is that the production is not yet optimal. Fulfillment of superior seedlings can help increase patchouli productivity. Conventional patchouli propagation through stem cuttings is ineffective and takes longer. Patchouli propagation can be done using a tissue culture approach via direct organogenesis to produce seedlings quickly and efficiently. Effective patchouli propagation methods and successful acclimatization are very important to research to support the propagation and breeding of patchouli plants. The aim of this research was to determine the best of BAP concentration in direct organogenesis of leaf and stem explants. The research design used a completely randomized series of hormone BAP, it has 5 levels, namely 0 mg/L (as control), 0.25 mg/L, 0.50 mg/L, 0.75 mg/L, and 1.0 mg/L. The explants used were the leaves and stems of Aceh patchouli. Plantlets are acclimatized in compost media and covering treatment. Based on the results of observations, the best BAP concentration is 0.25 mg/L with the initial observation parameters of the early emergence of shoots, number of shoots, and length of shoots on leaf explants were 10 daps, 35.33 shoots, and 2.83 cm respectively. The use of leaf explants showed a better response compared to stem explants. Patchouli plantlets were successfully acclimatized and can adapt to the ex vitro environment using the covering method. Successful patchouli propagation and high acclimatization can help produce effective patchouli seeds.

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