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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education {PISSN 2085-191X| EISSN 2338-7610} published scientific papers on the results of biology and biology education research {see Focus and Scope}. Editor accepts the article has not been published in other media with the writing format as listed on page manuscript writing guidelines {see Author Guidelines}. The journal published three times a year, on April, August & December and published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Pendidikan
Articles 18 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): November 2025" : 18 Documents clear
Halotolerant Phosphat Solubilizing Bacteria from Paddy Saline Soil Eka Oktaviani; Purwanto, Purwanto; Susanti, Retna; Amalia, Dwi Ayu Lutfiana; Leana, Ni Wayan Anik; Oktaviani, Eka; Kurniawan, Ruly Eko Kusuma; Omer, Omer Ahmed Mohamed
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.22412

Abstract

Salinity stress on productive rice fields in coastal areas will have a negative impact on productivity through osmotic stress and nutrient deficiencies. Salinity stress causes high levels of Na and Cl in the soil, thus inhibiting phosphate absorption. Utilization of indigenous P-solubilizing bacteria from saline land is an alternative, environmentally friendly technology. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize P-solubilizing bacteria from saline rice fields. Soil samples were taken from the rice rhizosphere in Nyamplungsari Village, Peraturkan District, Pemalang Regency. Isolation and characterization were carried out at the Agronomy & Horticulture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, UNSOED. The variables observed included P solubility index, P solubilizing ability, IAA production, and bacterial identification using the 16S RNA method. The results of the study obtained 7 isolates of P-solubilizing bacteria that had the ability to solubilize P and produce IAA. Isolate KF is a P-solubilizing bacterium that has the highest P-solubilizing ability and is identified as Priestia megaterium strain NRRL B-350. Priestia megaterium strain NRRL B-350 is a species of P-solubilizing bacteria that has the potential to be developed as a specific biological fertilizer for saline soil to increase the growth and yield of rice plants under saline stress.
Quantitative Literacy-based Laboratory Activity Design on the Effect of Color Spectra on Photosynthetic Rate Ningsih, Kurnia; Yuniarti, Anisyah; Supriatno, Bambang; Faturrahman, Mas Akhbar; Haruno, Mai
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.23949

Abstract

The Ingenhousz photosynthesis experiment conducted in schools aims to verify the concept of plants producing oxygen. However, opportunities to develop students’ quantitative literacy and train science process skills (SPSs) remain limited, as photosynthesis experiments commonly employed in schools are predominantly qualitative. This research aimed to develop an alternative photosynthesis laboratory activity design (LAD) based on an analysis of existing LADs to enhance students’ quantitative literacy and SPSs. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method, this research focused on the effect of color spectra on photosynthetic rate—an aspect that presents novelty of this research. The existing LADs were analyzed in terms of relevance, competence, knowledge construction, and practical aspects, resulting in 83.3% (very good), 43.1% (fair), 58.3% (fair), and 55.6% (fair), respectively. The analysis results of these four aspects are the basis for developing the alternative LAD. The alternative LAD was developed and then validated, resulting in a validity value of 0.915, which is categorized as valid. The alternative LAD trial demonstrated that it can collect quantitative data and enhance students’ quantitative literacy and SPSs, with the blue light spectrum producing the highest photosynthetic rate at 0.4 ml/g. The quantitative literacy-based LAD fosters data-driven thinking crucial for future scientific inquiry. This supports cultivating more analytically skilled students equipped to face real-world environmental and scientific challenges.
Extract Formulation of Zingiber officinale and Phylanthus reticulatus Induces Apoptosis of WiDr Colon Cancer Cells Kristiani, Elizabeth Betty Elok; Kasmiyati, Sri; Martono, Yohanes; Kachingwe, Baxter Hepburn
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.25776

Abstract

People use ginger (Zingiber officinale) extensively for health purposes. Our previous studies have shown that Phyllanthus reticulatus has strong antioxidant capabilities. This study investigates the anticancer potential of ethanolic extract of Z. officinale and P. reticulatus formulations (ZP), focusing on their cytotoxicity and mechanisms against cancer cells. Samples were extracted using the maceration method. The method for determining the cytotoxicity of cells is MTT, the cell cycle is flow cytometry, apoptotic cells are flow cytometry and double staining, and caspase-8 and caspase-9 expression using the immunocytochemistry method. The analysis of caspase-8 and caspase-9 expression using the immunocytochemistry method. Among the tested formulations, the ethanolic extract of ZP_1:0 showed the most promise against WiDr colon cancer cells (IC50 value of 102.1 µg/ml). The ZP_1:0 demonstrated dose-dependent apoptosis induction in WiDr cells, showing early and late apoptosis, with minimal necrosis. The extract activates extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in inducing cancer cell death. Compared to doxorubicin, the ZP 1:0 formulation selectively promotes apoptosis with reduced necrotic damage, suggesting the potential for reduced systemic toxicity. The study supports the potential of Z. officinale as a source of safer, plant-based anticancer agents, particularly for colon cancer, while recommending further research to identify and enhance active compounds.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Pufferfish from Lekok Coastal Area, Pasuruan Indonesia Panjaitan, Viona Angelina Erlan; Rangga, Adam Dwi; Sulung, Cahya Ajeng Valenta Tresna; Rahayu, Dwi Anggorowati; Khaleyla, Firas; Nugroho, Endik Deni; Rusdianto, Rusdianto; Mamat, Noorhidayah Binti
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.26663

Abstract

Pufferfish belong to the Tetraodontidae family, which consists of 28 genera and 184 species; however, there are limited studies on the species from East Java, especially Pasuruan. This indicates the need for the collection of more accurate morphological and genetic resources as an important step for its conservation. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify pufferfish species found in the Lekok Coastal Waters, Pasuruan District, through morphological characterization and molecular analysis using DNA barcoding of the COI gene. A total of 12 samples were collected from the Lekok Coastal Waters, Pasuruan Regency. Fin samples were stored in 96% absolute ethanol. DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequence analysis were performed using bioinformatics tools, the BOLD system, and the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) web platform. Phenetic taxonomy was further applied using Ntysc to enhance the robustness of genetic analysis. The results showed that there were identified five pufferfish species were identified: Lagocephalus spadiceus, Chelonodontops patoca, Cyclichthys orbicularis, Arothron stellatus, and Arothron reticularis. High haplotype diversity (Hd) of 1 and nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.1 indicate significant genetic variation. The frequency of parsimonious informative sites was 22.6%, with 13 polymorphic sites and an overall ts/tv ratio of 2.2. The phylogenetic tree showed unambiguous branching patterns among species. These findings are supported by morphological and molecular identification results, which indicate the presence of five species of pufferfish along the Lekok Coast, Pasuruan Regency.
Dynamic Model Analysis of Waste Absorption Carrying Capacity Values ​​in Semi-Intensive Shrimp Ponds Wafi, Abdul; Ariadi, Heri; van Minnen, Tjalf
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.28439

Abstract

The stable availability of dissolved oxygen in semi-intensive shrimp ponds plays a crucial role in the sustainability of the aquaculture system. The objective of this study is to determine the trend of the dissolved oxygen carrying capacity for waste absorption during shrimp farming in a semi-intensive system. The method used in this research is causal-ex-post facto research with data analysis using dynamic modeling systems. The results show that the water quality parameters tend to be stable, except for organic matter (51.82–115.02 mg/L). The semi-intensive shrimp farming system demonstrates relatively high harvest production, attributed to rapid shrimp growth despite limited feed management, resulting in profitable outcomes. Dynamic modeling reveals that increased biomass correlates with higher waste output, affecting the dissolved oxygen (DO) carrying capacity. Modeling also shows a moderate and fluctuating waste runoff pattern, indicating variable DO consumption. An important finding from this research is that we can control the water's carrying capacity for waste adsorption by determining the ideal cultivation system. The study concludes that DO carrying capacity follows a linear relationship with waste load; as waste increases, oxygen demand rises accordingly to support organic matter decomposition and ecosystem balance. These findings highlight the importance of managing waste to maintain optimal oxygen levels in semi-intensive systems. The conclusions of this research are important to be used as a source for coastal area management studies based on carrying capacity.
Growth and Exploitation Rate of Mystus nigriceps Rukayah, Siti; Lestari, Windiarini; Nuryanto, Agus; Mahmoud, Hanan Hassan Alsheikh
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.32684

Abstract

Mystus nigriceps is among the bagrid fish species that live in freshwater ecosystems, including Cicingguling River, Kebumen Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Despite the economic importance and exploitation for food, the fish is rarely studied. Meanwhile, studies on the growth pattern and exploitation rate of M. nigriceps in the Cicingguling River are important because the population is also affected by river fragmentation due to reservoir development. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the growth pattern and exploitation rate of M. nigriceps in the Cicingguling River. Sampling was carried out using the purposive random sampling method in the Cicingguling River. A total of 9 stations were divided into 3 zones for 1 year, with a frequency of 12 times and an interval of once a month. The results showed that a length-weight relationship had an average b-value of 3.11, indicating a positive allometric pattern (b>3). The condition factor of female M. nigriceps (2.404) was higher than that of male fish (2.06). Total mortality (Z) was estimated at 4.85 per year, consisting of natural mortality (M) at 3.59 per year and fishing mortality (F) at 1.26 per year. These values suggest that the mortality of M. nigriceps is primarily driven by natural causes rather than fishing pressure. The exploitation rate was 0.26 per year, which is relatively low as it remains below the optimum threshold (Eoptimum = 0.5). This information is essential for fisheries management as a basis for M. nigriceps conservation in the Cicingguling River
Molecular Detection of Rust Fungus (Puccinia spp.) on Sugarcane using ITS region Tanzil, Ahmad Ilham; Maulida, Dinda Mala; Fanata, Wahyu Indra Duwi; Neliana, Intan Ria; Sugiharto, Bambang; Magnon, Cassidy
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.32946

Abstract

Identifying pathogenic fungi at the species level based on morphology, especially for leaf rust, is quite difficult. Further investigation, such as molecular techniques, is required to identify leaf rust fungi precisely. One way that can be employed is DNA barcoding. This study seeks to detect leaf rust fungi (Puccinia spp.) on sugarcane. Accurate species identification allows early detection of Puccinia kuehnii, helping farmers and extension agencies to apply targeted control strategies. A fungal sample was collected from sugarcane fields in Bondowoso, East Java, Indonesia. Morphological identification was done with an SEM, whereas molecular identification was done through DNA extraction, amplification, visualization, sequencing, and phylogenetic tree creation. The primers employed are obtained from the ITS region of ribosomal DNA, which contains enough diversity to differentiate fungi at the species level. The amplification findings revealed a DNA band of 500 bp at both loci. Sequencing results indicate that samples The sequencing results indicatethat the samples from Bondowoso are closely related to the Puccinia kuehnii sequence from NCBI. The findings of the phylogenetic tree construction revealed that samples from both locations are still associated with P. kuehnii sequences from other nations. This is the first study documenting P. kuehnii in Indonesia, especially East Java, that integrates morphological and molecular characterization.
Enhancing Plantlet Growth of Vanda floresensis Motes through Acclimatization Chamber, Chitosan Spraying, and Mixed Medium Rahayu, Enni Suwarsi; Habibah, Noor Aini; Anggraito, Yustinus Ulung; Melati, Dinda; Sinaga, Na Dame Maulibulung; Pa’ee, Furzani
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.33383

Abstract

The conservation of  Vanda floresensis Motes has been conducted using in vitro techniques and has produced a large number of plantlets. These plantlets require acclimatization, but the optimal method has not yet been found. The aims of the research were to develop an acclimatization protocol by verifying the effectiveness of an acclimatization chamber (AC), chitosan spraying, and mixed medium composition on plantlet growth.  The research was conducted in a screen house of Universitas Negeri Semarang, using a factorial randomized block design with three factors. The AC factor consisted of two levels: inside and outside the AC. The chitosan concentration factor consisted of five levels, namely 0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 ppm. The composition of the mixed medium consisted of three levels. The observed variables included the increase in number, length, and width of the leaf, total chlorophyll content, and wilted leaf. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan test. It can be concluded that the use of AC, chitosan spraying, and mixed medium composition was effective in increasing leaf growth and total chlorophyll content and reducing wilted leaf.  Spraying chitosan of 1.5 - 3.0 ppm with the use of AC and spraying chitosan of 1.5 ppm with a mixed medium of brick pieces, coconut fibre, and tree bark chips with a ratio of 1:2:1 resulted in the highest leaf growth and total chlorophyll content, and the lowest wilted leaf. The results of this study can be used as an acclimatization protocol for orchid propagation for conservation purposes.
Fish Community Assessment in Serayu Moveable Dam Post-Catastrophic Mortality Wibowo, Dwi Nugroho; Rukayah, Siti; Ikegwu, Chukwudi Michael
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.22928

Abstract

Catastrophic mortality occurred in the fish community at Serayu Movable Dam in 2022. The phenomenon was caused by severe water quality alteration due to sediment flushing from Panglima Besar Soedirman Dam. After the incident, the fish community in the reservoir has never been evaluated. This study aimed to assess the fish community status in the Serayu Movable Dam post-catastrophic mortality in 2022. The study was conducted using a survey method, and fish samples were collected three times at six sampling sites at an interval of two weeks. Fish identification was done using the identification key in the references. Various community and water quality parameters were measured. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively by comparing them with standards in the literature. A total of 27 species were identified with a richness index of 4.564, relative abundance of 0.037, diversity index of 2.111, evenness index of 0.693, and dominance index of 0.259. The data proved that the fish community in Serayu Movable Dam has recovered after two years of catastrophic mortality in 2022. It could be due to the characteristic of the riverine ecosystem that can revert due to the continuous replacement of water from various tributaries that flow into the Serayu River in the upstream part of the Serayu Movable Dam, as shown by good water quality. It can be concluded that high ichthyofauna diversity was observed in the Serayu Moveable Dam post-catastrophic mortality. The data are essential scientific bases for sediment flushing management at P.B. Soedirman Dam and management of freshwater fish community in Serayu Movable Dam. 
Effects of Autotomy on Haemolymph Profile and Mineral Composition in Mud Crab (Scylla serrata) at Pre and Post- Moulting Cycle Yusnaini, Yusnaini; Yanti, Esri; Sabilu, Kadir; Fekri, Latifa; Nur, Indriyani
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.24303

Abstract

Soft-shell crab is a valuable product variant in aquaculture, with moulting being a critical phase for its production. Physiological indicators such as haemolymph profiles and mineral content in muscle tissue are essential for assessing crab health and moulting performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of autotomy treatment on the physiological condition of mud crab (Scylla serrata), focusing on haemolymph characteristics and mineral concentrations in muscle during the pre-moulting and post-moulting phases. The treatment involved inducing autotomy of walking legs and claws. Sampling was conducted at four distinct phases: pre-autotomy, 15 hours post-autotomy, at immediate post-moult stage, and two days post-moulting. The physiological parameters observed included Total Haemocyte Count (THC) and Differential Haemocyte Count (DHC), comprising hyaline, semi-granular, and granular cell types. Muscle mineral content was assessed by measuring calcium, sodium, and phosphorus concentrations. Results indicated that autotomy reduced THC and the proportion of hyaline cells, while granular cells increased during the post-moulting phase. Calcium, sodium, and phosphorus concentrations decreased shortly after autotomy, peaked during moulting, and declined again after moulting. These findings provide insight into the physiological responses of mud crabs to autotomy and offer practical reference points for enhancing moulting success and supporting soft-shell crab production in aquaculture systems.

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