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INDONESIA
Atom Indonesia Journal
Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.
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Articles 7 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 37, No 3 (2011): December 2011" : 7 Documents clear
Effectiveness of Gamma Irradiation for Decontamination of Microbes on Tea Parasite Herb Scurrula atropurpurea (Bl.) Dans E. Katrin; M. Yulianti; H. Winarno
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 3 (2011): December 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (202.615 KB) | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.77

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to find the minimum and maximum dose of gamma irradiation on dried tea parasite herb that can reduce the number of microbes without reducing the inhibitory activity against leukemia L1210 cells. Samples of tea parasite herbs were irradiated by gamma rays with doses of 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 15 and 20 kGy. The microbial contamination, cytotoxic activities and the chromatogram profiles of irradiated and unirradiated samples were observed. The results revealed that the bacteria contaminants of 7.57 x 109 cfu/g were eliminated after irradiation of the samples with dose of > 7.5 kGy, meanwhile the mold-yeast contaminants of 5.68 x 108 cfu/g were eliminated after irradiation of the samples with dose of > 5 kGy. Ethyl acetate extracts of irradiated samples until the dose of 10 kGy were still able to maintain its cytotoxic activity against L1210 leukemia cells proliferation with IC50 values of < 30 µg/ml. Fractionation of ethyl acetate extracts of each sample by open column chromatograph was obtained four fractions from each extract. Among the fractions, fraction 2 was the most active fraction which had a potent as anticancer agent. Cytotoxic activities assay of fraction 2’s showed that this fractions significantly decreased after irradiation of samples with doses up to 10 kGy. The thin layer chromatogram profiles of fraction 2 from irradiated and unirradiated samples showed that spot 2 and 3 gradually tended to fade. It is suggested that 7.5 and 10 kGy were the minimum and maximum irradiation dose for bacterial and mold/yeast decontamination with the initial contamination of 7.57 x 109 cfu/g and 5.68 x 108 cfu/g respectively. At this condition, the bacteria and mold/yeast have been killed, whereas the cytotoxic activities of active components (ethyl acetate extract and fraction 2) in tea parasite herbs decreased, but the decrease was not significant and did not remove these cytotoxic activities.Received: 20 November 2010; Revised: 07 September 2011; Accepted: 19 September 2011
Simulation of Ion Source’s Control System on Cyclotron Using Programmable System on Chip (PSoC) R.S. Darmawan; S. Santosa; Silakhuddin Silakhuddin
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 3 (2011): December 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (225.888 KB) | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.78

Abstract

Cyclotron is an ion accelerator machine with spiral beam path. Ion source system is one of the main systems which its function is to produce ions that will be accelerated. In order to obtain maximum ion current, the ion source must be equipped with a control system that control mechanical system that will adjust the position of the ion source. The mechanical system able to make adjustment in three different axis, that is x, y and z axis. The mechanical system consists of a stepper motor and a set of gears. The control system using Programmable System on Chip (PSoC) utilizes its user module from the Random Sequence group, that is 8-bit Pseudo Random Sequence Generator (PRS8).For x and y axis, if the stepper motor rotate one rotation that means the support will be pushed or pulled 2.5 mm. While for z axis if the stepper motor rotate one rotation that means the support will be pushed or pulled 0.83 mm. The largest deviation of the stepper motor is 2° with error percentage is 1.09%. The mean value of step of the stepper motor is 2.03 step per second.Received: 20 November 2010; Revised: 07 October 2011; Accepted: 11 October 2011
Degradation of Cibacron Red Dye using ZnO as a Catalyst Coated on the Surface of the Glass in the Photocatalytic Process A. Sumartono; W. Andayani
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 3 (2011): December 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.79

Abstract

Industrial discharges are the main causes of surface and groundwater contamination. Photocatalytic process is one of the methods that could be used to degrade organic compounds that released from industrial wastewater. Photocatalytic process of 10 ppm cibacron red dye with irradiation of UV lamp and ZnO as a catalyst that coated on the surface of the glass the size of 8 cm x 8 cm x 0.4 cm have been studied. Experiments consisting of (i) variation of ZnO catalyst at temperature 200oC, 300oC, 400oC, and 500oC, and (ii) the efficiency achieved by the resulting ZnO obtained from the best variation in (i) as the UV-photocatalytic agent in degradation of cibacron red dye. The UV irradiation was done at interval time 0; 0.5; 1; 2; ; 4; and 6 hours. Degradation could be achieved using ZnO catalyst at temperature 500oC, the percentage degradation at 289 nm, 515 nm, and 545 nm were 84.5±1.0%, 100% and 100%, respectively.Received: 20 November 2010; Revised: 27 October 2011; Accepted: 04 November 2011
The Feasibility of Gamma Irradiation for Developing Malaria Vaccine M. Syaifudin; D. Tetriana; Darlina Darlina; S. Nurhayati
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 3 (2011): December 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.75

Abstract

Malaria, a plasmodial disease, causes more than one million deaths per year and has a significant public health impact. Improved access to prompt treatment with effective antimalarial drugs need to be conducted for prevention of infection in high risk groups. However, the parasite as causal agent has exhibited a potential danger of wide-spread resistances. This warning has directed attention to the study of alternative methods of protection against the disease, among them is to do the immunization. A deeper understanding of the nature and regulation of protective immune mechanisms against this parasite will facilitate the development of much needed vaccines. Developing a malaria vaccine remains an enormous scientific, technical, and financial challenge. Currently a vaccine is not fully available. Among the practical applications of radiobiological techniques that may be of considerable interest for public health is the use of ionizing radiation in the preparation of vaccines. Convincing data were reported that sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei irradiated with X- or gamma-rays, provide an antigenic stimulus effective to induce a protective immune response in mice and rats against subsequent sporozoite infection. Irradiated parasites are better immunogens than killed ones and although non-infective they are still metabolically active, as shown by continued protein and nucleic acid synthesis. There is a substantial number of data from human studies demonstrating that sporozoites attenuated by radiation are potent inducers of protective immunity and that they are safe and do not give rise to the asexual erythrocytic infections that cause malaria. This vaccine is relatively inexpensive to produce, easy to store, and transportable without refrigeration. A long-term effort and commitment to providing resources must be maintained and increased to achieve the goal of a malaria vaccine candidate where ionizing radiation as a tool to prepare is seemingly feasible. Received: 20 November 2010; Revised: 11 July 2011; Accepted: 01 August 2011
Responses of Soybean Mutant Lines to Aluminium under In Vitro and In Vivo Condition Yuliasti Yuliasti; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 3 (2011): December 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.80

Abstract

The main limited factors of soybean plants expansion in acid soil are Aluminium (Al) toxicity and low pH. The best approach to solve this problem is by using Al tolerance variety. In vitro or in vivo selections using selective media containing AlCl3 and induced callus embryonic of mutant lines are reliable methods to develop a new variety. The objectives of this research are to evaluate response of soybean genotypes against AlCl3 under in vitro and in vivo condition. Addition of 15 part per million (ppm) AlCl3 into in vitro and in vivo media severely affected plant growth. G3 soybean mutant line was identified as more tolerant than the control soybean cultivar Tanggamus. This mutant line was able to survive under more severe AlCl3 concentrations (15 ppm) under in vitro conditions. Under in vivo conditions, G1 and G4 mutants were also identified as more tolerant than Tanggamus since they produced more pods and higher dry seed weigh per plant. Moreover, G4 mutant line also produced more dry seed weight per plant than Tanggamus when they were grown on soil containing high Al concentration 8.1 me/100gr = 81 ppm. Al+3. Received: 20 December 2010; Revised: 29 November 2011; Accepted: 4 December 2011
Stability Test For Sorghum Mutant Lines Derived From Induced Mutations with Gamma-Ray Irradiation S. Human; S. Andreani; Sihono Sihono; W.M. Indriatama
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 3 (2011): December 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.76

Abstract

Sorghum breeding program had been conducted at the Center for the Application of Isotopes and Radiation Technology, BATAN. Plant genetic variability was increased through induced mutations using gamma-ray irradiation. Through selection process in successive generations, some promising mutant lines had been identified to have good agronomic characteristics with high grain yield. These breeding lines were tested in multi location trials and information of the genotypic stability was obtained to meet the requirements for officially varietal release by the Ministry of Agriculture. A total of 11 sorghum lines and varieties consisting of 8 mutant lines derived from induced mutations (B-100, B-95, B-92, B-83, B-76, B-75, B-69 and Zh-30) and 3 control varieties (Durra, UPCA-S1 and Mandau) were included in the experiment. All materials were grown in 10 agro-ecologically different locations namely Gunungkidul, Bantul, Citayam, Garut, Lampung, Bogor, Anyer, Karawaci, Cianjur and Subang. In each location, the local adaptability test was conducted by randomized block design with 3 replications. Data of grain yield was used for evaluating genotypic stability using AMMI approach. Results revealed that sorghum mutation breeding had generated 3 mutant lines (B-100, B-76 and Zh-30) exhibiting grain yield significantly higher than the control varieties. These mutant lines were genetically stable in all locations so that they would be recommended for official release as new sorghum varieties to the Ministry of Agriculture.Received: 20 November 2010; Revised: 01 August 2011; Accepted: 05 August 2011
Electrical Properties of Photodiode Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 (BST) Thin Film Doped with Ferric Oxide on p-type Si (100) Substrate using Chemical Solution Deposition Method Irzaman Irzaman; H. Syafutra; H. Darmasetiawan; H. Hardhienata; R. Erviansyah; F. Huriawati; Akhiruddin Akhiruddin; M. Hikam; P. Arifin
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 3 (2011): December 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2011.81

Abstract

In this paper we have grown pure Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 (BST) and BST doped by Ferric Oxide Fe2O3 (BFST) with doping variations of 5%, 10%, and 15% above type-p Silicon (100) substrate using the chemical solution deposition (CSD) method with spin coating technique at rotation speed of 3000 rpm, for 30 seconds. BST thin film are made with a concentration of 1 M 2-methoxyethanol and annealing temperature of 850oC for the Si (100) substrate. Characterization of the thin film is performed for the electrical properties such as the current-voltage (I-V) curve using Keithley model 2400 as well as dielectric constant, time constant, pyroelectric characteristics, and depth measurement. The results show that the thin film depth increases if the concentration of the Ferric Oxide doping increases. The I-V characterization shows that the BST and BFST thin film has photodiode properties. The dielectric constant increases with the addition of doping. The maximum dielectric constant value is obtained for 15 % doping concentration namely 83.1 for pure BST and 6.89, 11.1, 41.63 and 83.1, respectively for the Ferric Oxide doping based BST with concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15%. XRD spectra of 15% of ferric oxide doped BST thin film tetragonal phase, we carried out the lattice constant were a = b = 4.203 Å; c = 4.214 Å; c/a ratio = 1.003. Received: 01 February 2010; Revised: 04 October 2011; Accepted: 02 November 2011

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