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Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional

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Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.

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Articles 11 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018" : 11 Documents clear

Study of Cellulose-N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide-Acrylic Acid as Pb2+ Ion Adsorbent M. Suhartini; J. Ginting; S Sudirman; A.D. Putri; Z.R. Mubarak
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Cellulose can be used as a metal ion adsorbent. However, it is specific to certain metal ions and has some drawbacks. To increase the capture of certain metal ions,cellulose needs to be modified. Cellulose modification was carried out using N, N'- methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinking agent and acrylic acid (AA) as grafting agent. Gamma rays from Cobalt-60 was used as the initiator by simultaneous irradiation method. The aim of this study is to improve and observe the capture ability of cellulose as Pb2+metal ion adsorbent. The characterization was performed by FTIR, DSC, SEM, and EDX. The thermal analysis and ion exchange capacity measurement showed that the resulting copolymer has a better thermal stability and ion exchange ability thanpure cellulose.The applications of the copolymer on Pb2+ ion adsorption indicated that the maximum adsorption is 99.8 % of 3 ppm Pb2+ ion sorbent at pH ≈ 7. SEM analysis showed that the copolymer is porous while pure cellulose appears fibrous. EDX Analysis showed Pb2+ metal ion adsorption by cellulose-MBA-AA.

Acknowledgement Atom Indonesia Vol 44 No 3 ack ack
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Pharmacokinetics Interaction of Non-Steroid Anti Inflammatory Drugs to 99mTc-MDP Radiopharmaceuticals for Bone Imaging and Its Biodistribution I. Mahendra; I. Daruwati; I. Halimah; S.R. Pajrin
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2018.741

99mTc-MDP has been developed as a radiopharmaceutical for bone imaging in nuclear medicine. A drug therapy can alter the pharmacokinetic profiles and biodistribution patterns of radiopharmaceuticals. To achieve an optimum diagnostic outcome, this research focused on pharmacokinetics interaction between two kinds of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) drugs, meloxicam and sodium diclofenac with 99mTc-MDP using mice(Mus musculus). Therewerefive groups of animal modeland each group consists of three mice except for group II and III which consists of six mice. The groups were classified asuntreated mice (I), mice treated withmeloxicam for 3 days (II), treated with sodium diclofenac for 3 days (III), treated with meloxicam once or at onset (IV), and mice with sodium diclofenac once or at onset (V). Pharmacokinetics interaction and biodistribution test were conducted by injecting 100 µCi/100 µL 99mTc-MDP intravenously. Blood samples were withdrawn from each mouse which were then weighted and counted using single channel analyzer. The %ID/g of 99mTc-MDP in blood of untreated mice (I), mice treated with meloxicam (II) and sodium diclofenac (III) 5 minutes post injection were 3.71, 8.96 and 9.15 % respectively, then decrease to 0.12, 0.01, and 0.01 %, respectively, 24 hours post injection. The results of T-test showed there were no significant differences in distribution of 99mTc-MDP in untreated mice (I) and in treated mice either with meloxicam (II) or sodium diclofenac (III). However, there was significant difference in elimination of 99mTc-MDP in untreated mice (I) and in treated mice either with meloxicam (II) or sodium diclofenac (III). The bone uptakes of 99mTc-MDP were 9.03 ± 0.41, 3.52 + 0.52, 3.62 + 0.45, 8.44 + 1.39, and 8.09 ± 0.86 % in group I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively. T-test showed there were significant differences in bone uptake of 99mTc-MDP in mice with previously treated with meloxicam and sodium diclofenac for 3 days. From these result, it can be concluded that anadministration of meloxicam and sodium diclofenac could accelerate elimination half-life that cause low uptake of 99mTc-MDP radiopharmaceuticalon the bone as the primary target. Therefore, it is necessary to follow up using image study to determine the significance of the effects on image quality.

An Experimental Analysis on Nusselt Number of Natural Circulation Flow in Transient Condition Based on the Height Differences between Heater and Cooler M. Juarsa; J.P. Witoko; G Giarno; D. Haryanto; J.H. Purba
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

A better understanding on the phenomenon of natural circulation flow for cooling systems is necessary prior to improving the safety of nuclear power plant, not only in normal operation but also in accident conditions. One way to understand this phenomenon is by analyzing the Nusselt number in various geometrical dimensions through experimentation. The purpose of this study is to understand natural circulation phenomenon in transient condition by varying height differences between heater and cooler. To achieve this purpose, an experiment apparatus called NC-Queen was developed and arranged to enable three variations of height differences between heater and cooler, i.e., 1.4 m, 1.0 m, and 0.3 m. It is made of a stainless steel tube with a diameter of 1 inch, arranged in rectangular shape 6.4 m in length, and uses water as coolant. The initial temperature of the heater was set at 90 °C. The Nusselt number was obtained by calculating the flow rate as a function of transient temperature. The results confirm that height differences affect thermal properties and flow region based kinetics characteristics of water. In initial condition, decreasing height difference from 1.4 m to 1.0 m resulted in flow rate reduction of 16.7 %, while decreasing height difference from 1.4 m to 0.3 m resulted in a 39.1 % flow rate reduction. In final condition, the flow rate reductions were 75 % and 82.6 %, respectively. Meanwhile, in initial condition, the Nusselt number for height difference reduction from 1.4 m to 1.0 m and from 1.4 m to 0.3 m decreased by 30.5 % and 74.6 %, respectively, while for final condition, the Nusselt number decreased by 11.9 % and 67.4 %, respectively. The new constants in relationship between Nusselt number and the height difference are a = 20.06 and b = 0.56. The dominance of turbulent flow provides a good safety margin with indications of the large amount of heat released.

Phosphate Solubilizing Study on the Determination of Inoculant Dose and Composition for Biofossi Fertilizer A. Citraresmini; E.T. Sofyan
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Phosphorus availability becomes a major problem on the productivity of soil and rice in Indonesia. Utilization of P source which has a slow release property is one of the solutions to these problems. Biofossi fertilizer is a natural phosphate organic fertilizer which is enriched with phosphate solubilizer bacteria (PSB), to improve the solubility of P and absorption by the plant so that P fertilization becomes more efficient. Experiment conducted on January 2015 at the experimental station of Agriculture Faculty-Padjadjaran University, Bandung, located in Ciparay, West Java. The aim of the experiment was to determine the PSB composition and its inoculation dose toward natural phosphate. Inoculum used was of Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas sp, which was injected to a carrier material. Through previous test results, the carrier used had a composition of 50 % peat + 28 % compost + 5 % humic acid + 2 % nutrition + 15 % rice husk. To test the dose of PSB inoculation, experimental design of factorial randomized complete block was applied. As the first factor was P2O5 content in the phosphate source, consisting of four levels as follows: (1) p0 = without P2O5 (as control); (2) p1 = 22 % P2O5 (163 kg ha-1 natural phosphate from Blora); (3) p2 = 26 % P2O5 (138 kg ha-1 natural phosphate from Morocco); (4) p3 = 36 % P2O5 (100 kg ha-1 SP-36 fertilizer). Second factor was the combination of dose and type of PSB inoculant, consisting of seven levels as follows: (1) b0 = without inoculation of PSB (as control); (2)b1 = Bacillus sp inoculant in the dose of 1 kg ha-1; (3)b2 = Bacillus sp inoculant in the dose of 2 kg ha-1; (4) b3 = Pseudomonas sp inoculant in the dose of 1 kg ha-1; (5)b4 = Pseudomonas sp inoculant in the dose of 2 kg ha-1; (6)b5 = Bacillus sp + Pseudomonas sp consortium in the dose of 1 kg ha-1; (7) b6 = Bacillus sp + Pseudomonas sp consortium in the dose of 2 kg ha-1. By using the 32P radioisotope techniques it was known that a consortium of bacteria Bacillus sp + Pseudomonas sp was capable of dissolving P on the treatment p0, as well as in the treatments p1, p2 and p3. In this treatment, some of the highest response was obtained, i.e. the grain dry weight, P uptake and P fertilizer efficiency.

Shielding Design for the PGNAA Experimental Facility at Kartini Reactor T. Sutondo; S Syarip
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Two steps of preliminary study had been conducted in conjunction with the design of a PGNAA experimental facility at Kartini reactor, i.e. beam characterization of the existing beam ports to select one going to be used and the collimator design at the selected beam port. This paper presents the results of the following study concerning with the radiation shielding design at the outer area, in front of the beam port exit, where the experiments will be conducted. MCNPX was used for the purpose of simulations, which included the design of neutron beam catcher and the outer shield. Based on the assumed source terms, the materials being used, and the geometrical arrangements, it is concluded that by using paraffin of 60 cm thickness for the beam catcher and 50 cm for the concrete of the outer shield would be sufficient to reduce the radiation dose below the maximum recommended limit.

Cover Atom Indonesia Vol 44 No 3 cover cover
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

A Novel Technique for Removal of High Density White Spot Noise from Digital Neutron Radiographic Images A. Hindasyah; D. Sudiana; D. Gunawan
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2018.846

This paper proposes a novel technique of adaptive switching alternative median (ASAM) filter for high-density white spot noise removal. The ASAM filter is composed of two blocks filtering, namely main and secondary block filtering, respectively. The proposed secondary block filtering is a new technique in high-density impulse noise removal and the main contribution of this research. The ASAM algorithm was tested on the standard 8-bit gray-scale, 512×512 pixel Lena image and a real neutron radiographic image. The results showed significant reduction of white spot noise in both types of images through visual inspection. To measure the performance of noise removal in simulation test we measured the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM) index, and denoising time, and in real application tests we measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). From the experiments of simulation test, at the highest level noise of 95 % the obtained PSNR and SSIM are 23.584 dB and 0.696 respectively. These are higher than the results of other algorithms that are 16.697 dB and 0.475, respectively, for DBA, 16.696 dB and 0.408 for NAFSM, and 18.860 dB and 0.568 for NASNLM. The denoising times for DBA, NAFSM, NASNLM, and ASAM were obtained as 6.469 s, 5.186 s, 36.735 s, and 5.197 s respectively. From the experiments of real application test we obtained the SNR for DBA, NAFSM, NASNLM, and ASAM as 32.42 dB, 6.01 dB, 18.77 dB, and 32.96 dB, respectively. In general, these results show that ASAM filter is superior to the existing filtering methods. The ASAM filter improved the image restoration quality, especially in removing the high-density white spot noise, and was able to yield good filtering result which exhibits better PSNR, SSIM, denoising time, and qualitative visual inspection.

Preface Atom Indonesia Vol 44 No 3 preface preface
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Atmospheric Dispersion Analysis for Expected Radiation Dose due to Normal Operation of RSG-GAS and RDE Reactors P.M. Udiyani; S. Kuntjoro; G.R. Sunaryo; H. Susiati
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2018.878

BATAN is planning to build an experimental power reactor, the RDE, to complement the RSG-GAS reactor that is already operating in the Serpong Nuclear Zone (KNS). The experimental power reactor is an HTGR (high-temperature gas-cooled reactor) with 10 MWt power, while the RSG-GAS is a pool-type water-cooled reactor with 30 MWt power. According to standard regulatory practices, under normal operating conditions of the plant, radiological assessment of atmospheric releases to the environment and assessment of public exposures are considered essential. The purpose of this study is to estimate the dose acceptance in Serpong Nuclear Zone (KNS) after operate the RDE operates in KNS-2. To assess the doses, the PC-CREAM 08 computer code was used. It uses a standard Gaussian plume dispersion model and composes a suite of models and data for estimation of the radiological impact assessments of routine and continual discharges from a nuclear reactor. The input data include sourceterm from the RDE and the RSG-GAS, a stack the height of 60 m annual radionuclides release, meteorological data from the Serpong local meteorological station, and agricultural products data from Serpong site. Results show that the highest individual dose in the area around KNS for adults is 6.16×10-3 mSv/y in the S (South) direction and 300 m distance from the stack of RSG. The highest collective dose around KNS within 3 km radius is 6.37×10-3 man-Sv/yr. The results show that the radiological impact of the KNS on the critical groups of public and the individual effective doses satisfy the limits given by the Nuclear Regulatory Agency of Indonesia (BAPETEN). The operation of RDE in KNS-2 does not add significantly to acceptance radiation dose in the environment in KNS. It can also be concluded that the estimated effective doses are lower than the dose constraint of 0.3 mSv/y associated with this plant.

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