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INDONESIA
Atom Indonesia Journal
Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.
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Articles 11 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 46, No 2 (2020): August 2020" : 11 Documents clear
Acknowledgement Atom Indonesia Vol 46 No 2 ack ack
Atom Indonesia Vol 46, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2020.1092

Abstract

Natural Radionuclides Determination and Radiological Hazard Assessments in Soil from Tual and Kei Islands, Indonesia S Syarbaini; K Kusdiana; M. Wiyono; D. Iskandar
Atom Indonesia Vol 46, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2020.995

Abstract

Natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil are the primary component of the background exposure sources of the population. Study of the external exposure due to gamma-ray radiation of natural radionuclides is important because this may contribute significantly to the total annual individual dose. The purpose of this   study is to investigate the natural radionuclides in soils collected from Tual and Kei islands and assess the radiological hazard due to natural radionuclides contents in soil. The soil samples were analyzed for natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K using gamma ray spectrometry. Radiological hazard parameters were estimated from the activity concentration of these radionuclides in order to assess health implication of exposure of the general public. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil samples varied from 7.50 Bq kg-1 to 6326 Bq kg-1, 0.99 Bq kg-1 to 157 Bq kg-1, 2.97 kg-1to 98.91 Bq kg-1 with the average value of 2162 Bq kg-1; 69.68 Bq kg-1 and 30.74 Bq kg-1, respectively. The absorbed dose rates due to the presence of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, in soil samples in the studied area vary between the range of 4.88 nGy h-1 and 3018.80 nGy h-1 with the average value of 1042 nGy h-1. The corresponding outdoor annual effective doses ranged between 0.01 mSv y-1 and 3.70 mSv y-1 with the average value of 1.28 mSv y-1. Radium equivalent activities are calculated to be in the range of 10.42 Bq kg-1 -6553.03 Bq kg-1 with the average value of 2264 Bq kg-1.The external and internal hazard indexes vary from 0.03 to 17.71 with the average value of 6.12 and 0.05 to 34.81 with the average value of 11.96, respectively. All calculated average radiological hazard indices were higher than the limits recommended for individual members of the public.
Radiolabeling Technique of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Iodine-131 Radionuclide U.N. Sholikhah; R.R. Syahdi; S.E. Permatasari; E. Sarmini; S Sriyono; T. Widyaningrum
Atom Indonesia Vol 46, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2020.745

Abstract

 Radiotherapy is an effective cancer therapy, where a certain dose of radiation is aimed specifically at target and is unaffecting to normal tissue. A selectiveradionuclide must be attached to the specific targeted organ. In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were labeled with radionuclide of iodine-131 (131I) to be used in radiotherapy. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using silver nitrate 0.0005 M, sodium borohydride 0.002 M, polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.3 % (w/v) and natrium chloride 1.5 M, and then followed by purification by centrifugation. Characterization was carried out with UV-Vis spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope, particle size analyzer, and zeta-sizer. The results show that the maximum absorbance is on a wavelength of 398 nm, spherical shape with a diameter of 10 nm, polydispersity index of 0.455, and zeta potential value of –8 mV. The radiolabeling was done by adding sodium iodide-131 which had been oxidized by chloramine-T and immobilized in AgNPs colloidal solution, and the activity was then measured using a dose calibrator. The identification of radionuclide showed that the sample was free of impurities. The optimum system of radiochemical purity was obtained using Whatman 1 paper strip as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol: water: ammonium acetate (1:1:1) as the mobile phase, which gave 96 % purity. This method is suitable for radiolabeling AgNPs with 131I to be used for radiotherapy.
Characterization of Fe-Chitosan-Succinate- NN’-Methylene Bis-Acrylamide as Ion Imprinted Polymer M. Suhartini; S. Anwar; A. Saefumillah; S. Prayitno; S Sudirman
Atom Indonesia Vol 46, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2020.869

Abstract

High level of phosphate in the aquatic environment can reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water which is harmful to the preservation of aquatic ecosystems. However, ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) is available to adsorp tripolyphosphate (TPP). In this study, Fe (III)-chitosan-succinate-tripolyphosphate complex was synthesized with NN’-Methylene Bis-Acrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinking  agent and gamma-ray as reaction initiator. The aim of the study is to observe the physical and chemical characteristics of radiation-induced crosslinking of IIP in the present of MBA. The results show that tripolyphosphate ion adsorption capacity on the Fe-chitosan-succinate-MBA ion-imprinted polymer improved by 75.62 % than that of the non-imprinted polymer.The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis shows a significant difference in the endothermic, exothermic and glass transitions of chitosan, chitosan-succinate when compared to their complex salts. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR)  analysis shows the presence of tripolyphosphate groups bonded by Fe-Chitosan-succinate-MBA ion imprinted polymer. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis of IIP exhibits a significantly difference surface shapes between IIP with template still within the polymer matrix and after removal.
Construction and Evaluation of a Multipurpose Performance Check Phantom for Computed Tomography L.E. Lubis; I. Hariyati; D. Ryangga; I.A.S. Mu'minah; T. Mart; D.S. Soejoko
Atom Indonesia Vol 46, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2020.1004

Abstract

The use of computed tomography (CT) has become a common practice in medical diagnosis in Indonesia. Its number, however, is not matched by the availability of dedicated-performance-check phantoms. This paper aims to describe the design, construction, and evaluation of an in-house phantom for CT performance check that accommodates both radiation dose measurement and image quality performance checks. The phantom is designed as laser-cut polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) slabs glued together to form a standard cylindrical shape, with spaces to place dose measurement and image quality modules. In this paper, measurement results on both aspects are discussed and compared with standard phantoms and other works. For dose measurement, the constructed phantom exhibited the greatest absolute discrepancy against the reference standard phantom of 8.89 %. Measurement of the CT number linearity and modulation transfer function (MTF) yielded, at most, 7.51 % and 5.07 % discrepancies against Catphan 604, respectively. Meanwhile, although found to be more linear in the phantom-based contrast linearity test, the use of the in-house phantom for clinical image contrast threshold determination requires further study. For noise power spectrum (NPS) measurement, accurate results were obtained within a limited range of spatial frequency.
Assessment of Levels of Occupational Exposure to UV-A and UV-C Radiation among Shielded Metal Arc Welders in Accra, Ghana A. Sawyerr; J.J. Fletcher; J. Amoako; E. Sosu
Atom Indonesia Vol 46, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2020.962

Abstract

This study attempted to quantify the irradiance levels of ultraviolet A (UV-A) and ultraviolet C (UV-C) from the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process to welders in Accra, Ghana. Exposures were assessed via measurements, observations, and interviews. The assessments were done based on safe exposure levels prescribed by recognized international organizations such as the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Results from the measured UV-C irradiance levels EUV-C ranged between 0.16 ± 0.08 W/m2 and 10.46 ± 1.96 W/m2 with its corresponding permissible exposure duration tmax‑UV‑C per day ranging from 5.74 s to 367.35 s. The measured UV-A irradiance levels EUV‑A ranged from 0.88 ± 0.03 W/m2 to 23.72 ± 6.66 W/m2 with its corresponding permissible exposure duration tmax‑UV‑A per day ranging from 421.59 s to     11,363.64 s. The obtained effective irradiance Eeff has a range of 2.08 W/m2 to 28.79 W/m2 with the range of permissible exposure duration tmax per day of 1.04 s to 14.40 s. It was found that the total exposure time of the welders exceeded the permissible exposure durations and that the safety practices among the welders were unsatisfactory.
Comparison of Gamma Index Passing Rate in Several Treatment Planning System Algorithms S. Liura; S.A. Pawiro
Atom Indonesia Vol 46, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2020.899

Abstract

The verification of dose calculation algorithm in a new Treatment Planning System (TPS) can be evaluated by comparing the passing rate of the gamma index analysis of the evaluated algorithm and the clinically implemented algorithms. In the present investigation, the gamma index passing rates was investigated as the reference data in the verification of the new three-dimensional TPS. The algorithms which are used in this study are Pencil Beam Convolution (PBC) version 11.0.31 and Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) version 11.0.31 in Eclipse v.11 TPS, and Fast Convolution (FC), Adaptive Convolution (AC), and Collapsed-Cone Convolution (CCC) in Pinnacle3 v.7.6c TPS. The 6 MV X-ray beam configurations were varied in the depth of measurement points, field sizes, source-to-surface distances, and wedge angles. The dose measurement was done using MatriXX Evolution and PTW 2D-array seven29. Then, OmniPro ImRT and Verisoft 3.1 software were chosen to analyze the gamma index from varied gamma criteria (3 %/3mm, 2 %/3mm, 3 %/2mm, and 2 %/2mm). Overall, the passing rate of AAA is the highest rate obtained of all algorithms. For gamma criterion of 2 %/2mm, the passing rate of AAA was 93.18 % ± 7.21 %, the passing rate of PBC was 89.76 % ± 7.21 %, and the passing rate of convolution algorithms was 76.84 % ± 11.10 %.
Cover Atom Indonesia Vol 46 No 2 cover cover
Atom Indonesia Vol 46, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2020.1090

Abstract

Characteristics of Stable Isotope Compositions (δ18O and δ2H) of Surface Water in Bengkulu City B.N. Zega; S. He; A.M. Lubis
Atom Indonesia Vol 46, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2020.979

Abstract

Indonesia as an archipelagic country has a unique location and topography, and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is observed in this region, resulting in complex weather and climate variability. As a result, Indonesia including Bengkulu experiences regular natural disasters. Stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) have been used as natural tracers in solving water resources and water-related problems. The aim of this research is to investigate the variations of stable isotopes in Bengkulu City from three locations, namely Serut and Hitam Rivers and the Universitas Bengkulu (UNIB) lake, and to understand the hydrological processes in Bengkulu City. In this research, samples of surface water from Serut and Hitam Rivers and UNIB Lake in Bengkulu City were collected over five months between December 2018 and April 2019. Stable isotope compositions of these water samples were examined to understand the local hydrological processes. The result shows that the water samples are generally situated at the right side of Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) in δ18O and δ2H plot, indicating that water samples are more enriched in 18O and 2H as compared with the rainwater due to fractionation processes. The surface water samples define a local evaporation line with a slope of 6.536 while the LMWL has a slope of 7.848. This result indicates a significant evaporation effect on water bodies. Moreover, the slope of the regression line in all water samples was lower than the LMWL, in order of Serut River (7.696) > Hitam River (6.851) > UNIB Lake (6.436), indicating that UNIB Lake experienced more significant evaporation than river waters, resulting in enrichment in heavy isotopes. Serut River, one of largest river in Bengkulu City, which also plays an important role in flooding in Bengkulu City, has a regression equation similar to the regression line of rainwater (LMWL). It may be indicated that surface water from Serut River is strongly influenced by rainwater. Consequently, high amount of rainfall can affect the water level of Serut River, and can be associated with flooding. Therefore,   long-term monitoring of stable isotopes is very important in the future to provide the pattern of changes in isotopic variation, particularly during flood and drought events as climate-disaster mitigation effort.
Preface Atom Indonesia Vol 46 No 2 preface preface
Atom Indonesia Vol 46, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2020.1091

Abstract

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