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Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Published by PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.
ISSN : 0125913X     EISSN : 25032720     DOI : 10.55175
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran (CDK) is a Medical Journal published since 1974 and affiliated with PT Kalbe Farma Tbk. CDK is intended to help accommodate scientific publications and help increase and disseminate knowledge related to the development of medical science, pharmacy, and public health. CDK covers the disciplines of medicine, pharmacy, and health with several types of articles, namely: 1. Research 2. Literature review 3. Case report 4. Evidence-based case report (EBCR), systematic review 5. Other scientific articles Based on the SK Kemendikbudristek Nomor 152/E/KPT/2023, CDK has obtained Rank 4 (SINTA 4) for Scientific Journals.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 15 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol 47 No 9 (2020): Infeksi" : 15 Documents clear
Probiotik sebagai Pencegahan Reinfeksi Pasien dengan Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea Muhammad Sobri Maulana
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 47 No 9 (2020): Infeksi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v47i9.569

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Diare akut sering ditemukan dalam praktik klinis sehari-hari. Probiotik diketahui dapat meningkatkan imunitas lokal dan mempercepat waktu penyembuhan diare. Saat ini belum ada pedoman terkait pemberian probiotik sebagai pencegahan reinfeksi C. difficile pada pasien dewasa dengan Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea. Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas probiotik dalam mencegah reinfeksi Clostridium difficile. Metode: Penelurusan literatur dari database PubMed, Clinical Key, Science Direct, dan Proquest. Telaah kritis menggunakan appraisal sheet untuk systematic review dari Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine tahun 2011. Hasil: Didapatkan 2 studi meta-analisis dengan validitas baik. Goldenberg, et al, menunjukkan penggunaan probiotik dalam mencegah infeksi C. difficile dengan RR 0,62 (95% CI 0,30–0,52) dengan NNT 22. Shen, et al, mendapatkan RR 0,42 (95% CI: 0,3-0,5; p < 0,001) dengan NNT 1,757. Simpulan: Probiotik berpotensi mencegah reinfeksi Clostridium difficile. Background: Acute diarrhea is a common disease in clinical practice. Probiotics are known to increase local immunity and reduce length of healing among diarrhea patients. Currently there are no guidelines related to the administration of probiotics as prevention of C. difficile reinfection in adult patients with antibiotic associated diarrhea. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing Clostridium difficile reinfection. Method: Literature searching through database, such as PubMed, Clinical Key, Science Direct, and Proquest. A critical review used appraisal sheet for systematic review from Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine in 2011. Result: Two meta-analysis studies with good validity. Goldenberg, et al, demonstrated the use of probiotics in the prevention of C. difficile infection with RR 0.62 (95% CI 0.30-0.52) and NNT 22. On the other hand, Shen, et al, obtained RR 0.42 (95 % CI: 0.3-0.5; p <0.001) with NNT 1.757. Conclusion: Probiotics have the potential to prevent Clostridium difficile reinfection.
Tatalaksana Demam pada Anak Carlson; Bella Kurnia
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 47 No 9 (2020): Infeksi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v47i9.570

Abstract

Demam merupakan sebuah proses alamiah sebagai mekanisme pertahanan tubuh terhadap patogen, namun suhu yang terlalu tinggi sering menimbulkan kekhawatiran orangtua. Terdapat berbagai variasi kisaran suhu normal pada anak menurut tempat pengukurannya. Tatalaksana demam yang terutama adalah antipiretik seperti parasetamol atau ibuprofen. Beberapa studi menemukan bahwa kombinasi antipiretik memberikan efek antipiretik lebih tinggi, namun belum dapat direkomendasikan karena belum ada studi keamanannya. Metode kompres hangat dapat diberikan sebagai terapi tambahan. Penggunaan antipiretik sesuai dosis rekomendasi ditambah kompres hangat sudah terbukti efektif menurunkan demam pada anak, terutama di 30 menit pertama. Fever is a natural process as a defense mechanism to pathogen, but high fever can be a problem and worried the parents. Variation of temperature range for children depends on the measurement site. The main treatment of fever in children is the use of antipyretic agent such as paracetamol/acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Some studies showed that combination will give a better and significant results, but still not recommended for daily practice because of lack of safety evidence. Tepid sponging can be given as an adjuvant therapy. Proper doses of antipyretics combined with non-pharmacological therapies like tepid sponging is proven to be effective to reduce fever in children, especially the first 30 minutes
Pendekatan Terapi Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Ni Luh Putu Rustiari Dewi
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 47 No 9 (2020): Infeksi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v47i9.571

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) juga dikenal sebagai hyperandrogenic anovulation (HA), merupakan kelainan sistem endokrin yang menyebabkan gangguan kesuburan wanita usia reproduktif. PCOS melibatkan ketidakseimbangan kadar luteinizing hormone (LH) dan follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), resistensi insulin, dan kelainan metabolisme. Clomiphene citrate masih menjadi pilihan terapi utama untuk menstimulasi ovulasi pada kasus PCOS. Metformin juga menurunkan kadar androgen yang dapat meningkatkan terjadinya ovulasi spontan. Terapi lini kedua adalah gonadotropin dan bedah laparoskopi ovarium. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), also referred to as hyperandrogenic anovulation (HA), is an endocrine system disorders that affect women in their reproductive age. PCOS typically involves hormonal imbalances between luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), insulin resistance, and metabolic abnormalities. Clomiphene citrate (CC) is considered the first line treatment for ovulation induction in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Metformin also decreases androgens in both lean and obese women, leading to increased rates of spontaneous ovulation. Second choice is gonadotropin and ovarian laparoscopy
Peran Ultrasonografi Toraks pada Kasus Kegawatdaruratan Paru Wahyu Agung Purnomo
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 47 No 9 (2020): Infeksi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v47i9.572

Abstract

Dahulu USG terbatas hanya untuk mengevaluasi massa atau efusi pleura. Namun, dalam perkembangannya USG toraks ternyata mampu mendiagnosis pneumonia, Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK), atau asma eksaserbasi; juga edema paru, tromboemboli paru, pneumotoraks, efusi pleura, serta empyema. Beberapa protokol dikembangkan untuk membantu mempermudah diagnosis kasus kegawatdaruratan kardiorespirasi Tinjauan pustaka ini membahas peran ultrasonografi toraks pada kasus kegawatdarutan paru agar dapat digunakan sebagai referensi di instalasi rawat darurat. Previously, ultrasound use was limited to evaluate mass or pleural effusion. But in its development thoracic ultrasound was able to diagnose pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or exacerbation asthma, pulmonary edema, pulmonary thromboembolism, pneumothorax, as well as pleural effusion and empyema. Several protocols were developed to help simplify the diagnosis of emergency cases of cardiorespiratory emergencies. This literature review will discuss the role of thoracic ultrasonography in cases of pulmonary emergency to be used in emergency settings.
Hiperkoagulabilitas pada Kehamilan dengan COVID-19 Richardo Marpaung; Evelyne Chandra; Denny Suwanto
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 47 No 9 (2020): Infeksi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v47i9.573

Abstract

Pandemi coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) akibat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) menginfeksi lebih dari 7 juta jiwa di seluruh dunia dengan angka kematian lebih dari 400.000 jiwa. Koagulopati adalah salah satu sekuele paling berat dari COVID-19. Hipotesis terkait koagulopati ini melibatkan peningkatan signifikan respons inflamasi yang mengakibatkan trombo-inflamasi melalui mekanisme seperti badai sitokin, aktivasi komplemen, dan endotelitis. Dalam kehamilan, terdapat beberapa perubahan fisiologis yang mempengaruhi koagulasi dan sistem fibrinolisis mengakibatkan kondisi hiperkoagulabilitas dan meningkatkan risiko kejadian tromboemboli. Tulisan ini memaparkan mekanisme hiperkoagulasi dalam COVID-19 dan kehamilan, manifestasi klinis, pemeriksaan laboratorium yang diperlukan, serta rekomendasi terapi. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects more than 7 million people worldwide with a death toll of more than 400,000. Coagulopathy is one of the most severe sequelae of COVID-19. This coagulopathy-related hypothesis involves a significant increase in the inflammatory response that causes thrombo-inflammation, through several mechanisms such as cytokine storms, complement activation, and endothelitis. In pregnancy, several physiological changes affect coagulation and fibrinolysis system which results in hypercoagulability and increases the risk of thromboembolic events. This article describes the mechanism of hypercoagulation in COVID-19 and pregnancy, clinical manifestations, necessary laboratory tests, and recommendations for therapy

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