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Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Published by LEMIGAS
ISSN : 20893361     EISSN : 25410520     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy
The Scientific Contributions for Oil and Gas is the official journal of the Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS for the dissemination of information on research activities, technology engineering development and laboratory testing in the oil and gas field. Manuscripts in English are accepted from all in any institutions, college and industry oil and gas throughout the country and overseas.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Teknologi Bahan Bakar
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 27 No 2 (2004)" : 6 Documents clear
The Influence Of Ph And Concentration Of Phosphonate Inhibitor - Tests On Change Of Barium Sulfate Scale Morphology By Using Scanning Electron Microscope Tjuwati Makmur
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 27 No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.27.2.873

Abstract

Water injection is often used to keep maintaining reservoir pressure. Injected water (high in sulphate) mixes with formation water (high in barium) leading to the deposition of barium sulfate scale in the near wellbore, reservoir, production tubulars and topside equipment. Barium sulfate scale is unique scale deposit and the least soluble of the scales. The deposition of oil field scale is a potentially damaging problem which reduces fluid flow resulting in a decline in oil production. The best approach to solving the problems of scale formation is to prevent or inhibit deposition and this is more effective than scale removal. The use of scale inhibitor can be effective method for preventing scalealthough their effectiveness is controlled by experimental conditions. Therefore, it is very important to know factors that influence barium sulfate scale. The maintopic of this paper is “The Influence of pH and Concentration of Inhibitor Solution - Tests on Change of Barium Sulfate Scale Morphology by Using Scanning Electron Microscope”. Hopefully, the results of laboratory test presented this paper give useful and valuable information not only for LEMIGAS, but also for oil industry, chemical manufacturers and universities, then other institutions.
PALYNOLOGICAL EVENTS OF THE TALANG AKAR FORMATION IN THE ON-SHORE AREA OF THE SOUTH SUMATRA BASIN Eko Budi Lelono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 27 No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.27.2.1049

Abstract

South Sumatra has been well known as the one of the largest hydrocarbon producers in Indonesia. Due to its potentiality, South Sumatra has been explored since the Dutch era. Million barrels of oil have been pumped out from this area and many unpublished reports and papers have been made regarding the remaining reserve of this area. This study focuses on Talang Akar Formation which is considered as the main reservoir in South Sumatra. Talang Akar Formation is interpreted to be formed in a deltaic environment (De Coster, 1974). The deltaic sediment must have contained excellent palynomorph assemblage as demonstrated by the previous authors (Hasjim, 1993, Morley, 1995 and LEMIGAS 2001a, b and c). On the other hand, marine microfossils show poor recovery including foraminifers and nannoplankton. This condition is understandable as marine microfossils are difficult to develop in the transition environment. For this reason, palynology is intensively studied as a powerful tool to comprehend the stratigraphy of the Talang Akar Formation.The deposition of Talang Akar Formation was influenced by the tectonic event during Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary which caused the occurrence of Semangko Dextral Fault (Suwidiyanto, 2003). This fault resulted in the formation of horst and graben which allowed sedimentation of Lahat Formation and the Lower Talang Akar Formation in the low topography. Subsequently, sea level increased rapidly drowning up the deposition center which resulted in the sedimentation of the Upper Talang Akar Formation and limestone Baturaja Formation (Suwidiyanto, 2003). Based on lithological character, Talang Akar Formation is separated into Great Sand Member (GRM) occupying lower part of this formation and Transition Member (TRM) situating in the upper formation. GRM was formed in the fluvial to delta plain environment, whilst TRM was deposited in delta plain to pro-delta environment (De Coster, 1974). The environmental change from fluvial-delta plain of GRM (non-marine) to delta plain-prodelta of TRM (nonmarine to transition) suggests the occurrence of transgressive phase. Palynologically, this change must be reflected in the palynological assemblage. In fact, TRM yields more brackish palynomorphs than those of GRM. In contrary, GRM especially those of river channel deposits are characterised by regular occurrence of riparian (freshwater) pollen such as Marginipollis concinus and Pandaniidites sp. (LEMIGAS, 2001a, b and c).Although palynological investigations were frequently conducted within the Talang Akar Formation, the results of these investigations were restricted on age interpretation and paleoenvironment analysis. There are more information can be obtained from the palynological data. Therefore, it is required extra efforts to elaborate data becoming useful information such as palynological event, sea level changes and paleoclimate. This study intends to explore the stratigraphy of the Talang Akar Formation based on its palynological and other micro-fossil content which focuses on palynological characteristic of the Talang Akar Formation, palynological event and other biostratigraphic information (zones, age and depositional environment).
ENVIRONMENTAL AND REGULATORY ASPECT STUDY ON THE HARBOR EXTENSION DEVELOPMENT OF PETROLEUM AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Desrina Desrina
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 27 No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.27.2.1050

Abstract

Petroleum and petrochemical industries are those industries involving huge amount of products that shall be transported across regional and even international boundaries. Accordingly, many of these industries have their own special harbor or port to accommodate ships that are in and out of the harbor for the purpose of transporting their products. Industries having their own harbor for example are, among others, Pupuk Kalimantan Timur (PKT) in East Kalimantan that produces Ammonia and Urea, and Pertamina Cilacap in Central Java that produces fuels.As general harbor facilities that need maintenance, this special port has also to be maintained and sometimes extended due to the needs for accommodating bigger ships. Maintenance dredging is one of a harbor maintenance programs for keeping the berth that is always suitable for the ships. When the production of the industries has to be expanded for example due to demand for export purposes, the harbor that supports this activity has also to be extended. Some harbors even need a new area for developing harbor extension, because the old one is not sufficient for accommodating bigger ships.The harbor extension development will involve several activities, namely (i) dredging of the coastal sediments, (ii) coastal reclamation with the use of some of the dredged materials, (iii) dumping of the dredged materials, and (iv) development of ship-waste reception facilities. Every phase in the harbor extension activity will undoubtedly impact in some extents to the environment surrounding the project. The potential impacts of the project to the environment will depend on the scale (area and volume) of each phase and the duration of the activities. The Ministerial Decree of Environment No. 17/20011 describes the scale limit of the project that has to be preceded by the environmental impact analysis (EIA), or AMDAL study in order to get governmental permit before the project can be implemented. This is certainly valid for a new project that its environmental area has not been studied yet.Generally, many of the petroleum and petrochemical industries have been established long before the No.17/ 2001 decree being put into effect. The area of the port extension project in which this study was conducted is located in the area that has been studied through Environmental Evaluation Study, SEL (Studi Evaluasi Lingkungan) 2 . Basically, this environmental study covers all over the sphere that has been intended for the industrial activity. There are questions that may arise concerning with the extension project in this area. Should EIA/AMDAL study be conducted for this extension project? Is UKL/UPL (Environmental Management Effort/Environmental Monitoring Effort) study sufficient for this purpose? Regarding that the project scale may exceed the scale limit as described in the No. 17/2001 decree, shall RKL/RPL (Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan/Rencana Pemantauan Lingkungan) – Environmental Management Plan/Environmental Monitoring Plan – be revised?For the purpose of harbor extension, beside the feasibility study which has been covered in the Master Plan Document, it is worthy to describe an environmental review and consideration regarding the activities that might result in an impact to the project surroundings. This environmental review that can be considered as an environmental rapid assessment is beneficial for the project management to have knowledge in making a decision concerning with the selection which the environmental studies (AMDAL, RKL/RPL, or UKL/UPL) that should be conducted prior the implementation of the project.This paper describes a study that has been conducted concerning the port extension of the petrochemical industry in East Kalimantan, where the SEL for that area has been established. The study emphasizes on the discussions on the environmental and regulatory aspects, in order to have background knowledge leading to the detail environmental management and monitoring study that shall be conducted prior the implementation of the project. The review is divided into two basic issues, namely dredging activity and ship-waste reception facilities. Due to related issues in dredging activities, review concerning dredging, coastal reclamation and dredged material dumping are grouped into one paragraph, while those of shipwaste reception facilities in other paragraph.
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE STORAGE EFFICIENCY OF CO2 IN CARBONATE AQUIFERS Sugihardjo Sugihardjo
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 27 No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.27.2.1051

Abstract

The production of associated and nonassociated gas increases due to additional new oil and gas fields. Consequently, there will be an increase of CO2 released from associated gas, and especially, from nonassociated gas. Actually, CO2 may still be utilized in an attempt of increasing oil recovery through the methods of EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) or IOR (Improved Oil Recovery). In general, on the one hand, the CO2 availability in the atmosphere is still be needed for the photosynthesis process. But, on the other hand, this gas can stimulate the greenhouse effect that influences the global warming and weather changes. Prior being utilized, CO2 can be stored first in the depleted oil reservoirs or in the aquifers. The feasibility of these reservoirs or aquifers as a CO2 storage can be determined through the mechanisms of CO2 /water injection, or CO2 solubility in the water. For the purpose of several experiments, specific characters of the cores and formation water were decided taken from a representative carbonate reef formation in West Java region to substitute the samples from Natuna Field. The experiments were then continued on studying the CO2 solubility in the formation water not only at constant volume but also with varied volume, and also the CO2 storage efficiency in the carbonate rocks saturated with water.
THE MANAGEMENT OF SPENT CATALYST OF HYDROCONVERSION PROCESSES IN ASEAN REFINERIES A.S. Nasution; E. Jasjfi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 27 No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.27.2.1052

Abstract

Catalytic processing is a keystone of today’s petroleum refining. The catalytic processes applied in the potreleum industry are generally large scale. In today’s operating climate of increased attentiveness toward environmental and safety issues, spent catalyst management options have became an important consideration for refiners. A catalyst deactivation determines how it can be handled after it is discharged from the processing unit. The type of the catalyst and its condition (whether it is considered hazardous) often determines the disposal route selected. Because of the self-heating and leaching problems associated with spent hydrotreating catalyst,it is recommended that refiners ship their spent catalysts to what is called “true recycles”. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), for example, is in the process of reevaluating the designation of spent hydroprocessing catalyst as an hazardous waste. Out of 3,837 MBPSD total crude oil currently processed in ASEAN (Brunai Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippenes, Singapore, Thailand, not including Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar) arround 61 percent volume is passed through catalytic processes (included hydroconversion processes 58 vol.%) to produce various fuel components such as gasoline and diesel oil. These hydroconversion processes use about 3,279 tons of catalyst with about 28 tons per day of spent catalyst. The present paper discusses briefly a survey on the management of spent catalyst of hydroconverion processes in ASEAN refineries and some aspects of catalyst poisoning of major hydroconversion processes in petroleum refinery. A survey on the management of spent catalyst from hydroconversion processes in ASEAN refineries is described in this paper.
THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL TYPE AND CONCENTRATION ON THE PHASE BEHAVIOR AND INTERFACIAL TENSION IN OIL-SURFACTANTCOSURFACTANT-BRINE MIXTURE SYSTEM Hadi Purnomo; Nuraini Nuraini; Tjuwati Makmur
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 27 No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.27.2.1059

Abstract

The number of mechanism is limited for reducing the entrapment of oil in the pore space of reservoir rock and for mobilizing that residual which remains entrapped, thereby improving the microscopic displacement efficiency of a petroleum recovery process. After primary recovery by flow powered by the energy stored in the compressed fluids of reservoir, and secondary recovery by injection-pump driven water flooding, residual oil is trapped by the capillary pressure developed by interfacial tension in curved menisci between oil and water in the pore space. Figure 1.1 illustrates the interplay of capillary and viscous forces in the water flooding process. Shown in the figure is water displacing oil. The important point is that residual oil is trapped in the pore space by interfacial tension. To improve micros- copic displacement efficiency is to reduce interfacial tension between oil and water. Surfactant is surface active agent chemical that has two types of properties; lypofob (like water) and hydrofob (like oil). The value of interfacial tension between oil and water is high, when surfactant is dissolved into water and contacts with oil, so that surfactant is not only soluble in the water, but also it is soluble in the oil. By addition of surfactant into the water and contact with oil can result in interfacial tension between oil and water from high (more less 20 - 30 dyne/cm) to lower interfacial tension (10-2 dyne/cm). To change the lower interfacial tension to the lowest interfacial tension conditions (10-4dyne/cm), cosurfactant in oil-surfactant-brine mixture is used. Alcohols are widely used in micellar surfactant systems for enhanced petroleum recovery and are variously called cosurfactant or cosolvent. In general, alcohols modify the physico- chemical properties in ways that are important to the design of surfactant-based process for improving petroleum recovery. This research is focused on alcohol effects on oil-surfactant-brine phase behavior and interfacial tension of oil-surfactant-brine system.

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